EP1780165B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Montage eines Krans mit anhebbarem Ausleger - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Montage eines Krans mit anhebbarem Ausleger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1780165B1
EP1780165B1 EP06356102A EP06356102A EP1780165B1 EP 1780165 B1 EP1780165 B1 EP 1780165B1 EP 06356102 A EP06356102 A EP 06356102A EP 06356102 A EP06356102 A EP 06356102A EP 1780165 B1 EP1780165 B1 EP 1780165B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jib
cable
lifting
auxiliary
hoist
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP06356102A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1780165A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Lissandre
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Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
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Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
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Publication of EP1780165A1 publication Critical patent/EP1780165A1/de
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/16Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs supported by columns, e.g. towers having their lower end mounted for slewing movements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/34Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to luffing jib cranes, of the type comprising a fixed or movable support structure, in particular a vertical mast, surmounted by an orientable rotating part about a vertical axis, consisting of a swiveling pivot, a luffing arrow pointing forwards and hinged at its rear end about a horizontal axis on the swivel pivot, with an arrow holder extending obliquely upwards and backwards from the revolving pivot, and a substantially horizontal against-arrow directed rearward and linked by its front end to the rotating pivot, the counter-boom bearing mechanisms of the crane, and an arrow lifting device being provided , the latter comprising a lifting winch belonging to said mechanisms, a lifting cable passing over the top of the boom carrier and in a lifting muffle connected by at least one lifting tie to the front part of the the boom, and the aforementioned mechanisms also comprising a hoist winch with lifting cable.
  • this invention is concerned with the mounting of the rotating part of such a luffing jib crane, and even more especially with the assembly of the components of the jib lifting device, and incidentally mechanisms that equip the counter-jib, so the final assembly operations that make the crane operational.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks previously described, and it is therefore intended to simplify the assembly of the additional elements of the rotating part of a luffing jib crane of the kind in question, in particular the mounting of the muffle and the cable of lifting, sling or temporary restraint slings, and line of tie rods, so as to reduce the assembly time and facilitate the work of the operator, while limiting the risk of accident.
  • the subject of the invention is essentially a method of mounting a luffing jib crane, of the type indicated in the introduction, according to which an auxiliary winch is used, in particular a winch carried by the rotating part of the crane.
  • this winch being equipped with an auxiliary cable of diameter substantially smaller than that of the hoisting and lifting cables, to carry out a cabling operation of the lifting muffle with the lifting cable and / or to carry out the assembly of at least one temporary sling, provided for the temporary retention of the boom, and / or to perform a mounting operation of the line of tie rods.
  • the operation of cabling of the lifting muffle consists, after having pre-wired in the workshop muffle lifting with the auxiliary cable diameter substantially less than that of the cable of lifting, to connect one end of the auxiliary cable to the lifting cable wound on the drum of the lifting winch, to connect the other end of the auxiliary cable to the auxiliary winch, and to simultaneously operate the lifting winch and the auxiliary winch so as to unroll the lifting cable and engage it in the lifting muffle, while the auxiliary cable is re-wound on the auxiliary winch.
  • the operation of mounting at least one temporary boom retaining sling consists, for each temporary sling, in storing a first sling element along the boom carrier and a second sling member, extending the first along the boom, the forward end of the second sling member being attached to the forward portion of the boom, attaching the upper end of the first member sling to the cable of the auxiliary winch, to operate this auxiliary winch in the direction of the winding of its cable to stretch the provisional sling, and to attach the upper end of the first sling element to the top of the boom carrier .
  • the elements of these slings are advantageously stored respectively on both sides of the boom carrier and the boom, and one proceeds successively to the assembly of the first provisional sling, and then to the assembly of the second provisional sling using the auxiliary winch and its cable.
  • the mounting operation of the line of tie rods consists, after passing the cable of the auxiliary winch on a pulley of forward direction of the arrow tying the end of the auxiliary cable to the lifting muffle, the rear end of the line of tie rods also being attached to the lifting muffle, actuating the auxiliary winch in the winding direction of its cable, and Operate the lifting winch in the direction of the unwinding of the rope, in such a way as to pull the lifting block towards the front, and finally hook the front end of the line of tie rods to the front part of the boom.
  • the auxiliary winch can also be used, in combination with a bracket supported by the platform of the mechanisms itself carried by the counter-boom, for the maintenance or the maintenance of the mechanisms carried by this counter-boom, the cable of the auxiliary winch being then directed to the gallows and guided along this gallows.
  • the subject of the invention is also a device for mounting a luffing jib crane intended for implementing the method defined above, this device essentially comprising an auxiliary winch carried by the party rotating the crane, this auxiliary winch being equipped with an auxiliary cable of diameter substantially smaller than that of lifting and lifting cables.
  • the auxiliary winch can in particular be mounted at the base of the crane boom holder.
  • the device also advantageously comprises, on the rotating part of the crane, means for guiding the auxiliary cable, in particular pulleys, adapted to the operations performed with the aid of the auxiliary winch and detailed above.
  • the invention also relates to a luffing jib crane, which is equipped with a mounting device with auxiliary winch, as defined above.
  • the invention thus facilitates the assembly operations of the crane, through the use of an auxiliary winch whose cable is smaller, and therefore more easily handled, than the hoisting cables of the load and raising of the boom, the same auxiliary winch being used during several assembly operations successively carried out.
  • the luffing jib crane shown on the figure 1 here is a tower crane which comprises in known manner a base frame 2, fixed or movable on the ground, above which rises a vertical mast 3. At the top of the mast 3 is mounted, via an orientation device, a rotating part 4, consisting mainly of a rotating pivot 5, an arrow holder 6, a counter-boom 7, a platform mechanisms 8 and a luffing boom 9.
  • the rotating pivot 5 is orientable about the vertical axis A of the mast 3. It supports a cab 10 of the crane.
  • the arrow holder 6, also designated as a "punch”, is integral with the rotating pivot 5 and extends from the latter upwards and obliquely with a backward inclination.
  • the counter-boom 7 extends substantially horizontally rearwardly from the pivoting pivot 5. It carries the platform of the mechanisms 8, as well as the counterweight 11. This against-arrow 7 is suspended from the arrow holder 6, in its rear part, by means of tie rods 12.
  • the luffing jib 9 constituted by a lattice structure for example of triangular section, has a hinged rear end, about a horizontal axis 15, on the rotary pivot 5.
  • the lifting winch 13 has a drum, around which is wound a lifting cable 16 which passes over pulleys 17 disposed at the top of the boom holder 6, and which also passes over the pulleys of a lifting block 18, located in before the arrow holder 6.
  • the lifting block 18 is connected, by a line of tie rods 19, to the front part or "point" of the luffing jib 9.
  • the hoist winch 14 has a drum on which is wound a hoisting rope 20, which passes over pulleys disposed on the boom holder 6, then is directed towards the tip of the luffing boom 9 and extends to a lifting hook 21, with or without hauling, the lifting loads being suspended from the hook 21 when using the crane.
  • This equipment includes, in particular, an auxiliary winch 22, mounted at the base of the boom holder 6, on one of the sides thereof.
  • the auxiliary winch 22 has a drum on which is wound an auxiliary cable 23, whose diameter is substantially smaller than the diameter of the cable for example, if the lifting cable 16 and the lifting cable 20 have a usual diameter of the order of 18 millimeters, the auxiliary cable 23 may have a diameter of 1 mm. order of 9 millimeters.
  • the equipment in question still includes two temporary slings 24 for retaining the boom 9, which are visible on the figure 3 .
  • Each of these two temporary slings 24 comprises a first sling element 25, storable along the boom carrier 6, and a second sling element 26, storable along the arrow 9 (see the basic position I indicated on the figure 3 ).
  • the two sling elements 25 and 26 are hinged together at a point 27 and the second sling element 26 is hinged at a point 28 on the front part of the boom 9.
  • One of the temporary slings 24 thus formed is stored on the right side of the arrow holder 6 and the arrow 9, while the other provisional sling 24 is stored symmetrically on the left side of the arrow holder 6 and the arrow 9.
  • the mounting equipment includes, as shown in particular by figure 5 , a bracket 29 carried by the platform mechanisms 8, and used with one of the winches, as specified below.
  • the lifting muffle 18 has been prewired in the workshop with a temporary cable of small diameter, for example of the order of 9 millimeters, which is the auxiliary cable 23 initially separated from the auxiliary winch 22. It is then proceeded as illustrates it figure 2 to the final wiring of the lifting muffle 18.
  • the lifting muffle 18 being retained at the top of the boom holder 6, one end of the auxiliary cable 23 is connected to the lifting cable 16 larger, having for example a diameter of the order of 18 millimeters, which is wound on the drum of the lifting winch 13.
  • the other end of the auxiliary cable 23 is attached to the drum of the auxiliary winch 22.
  • the simultaneous electrical control of the two winches 13 is then actuated and 22, so that the auxiliary cable 23 is wound on the drum of the auxiliary winch 22, while the lifting cable 16 is unwound from the drum of the lifting winch 13.
  • the auxiliary cable 23 pulls the lifting cable 16 by driving it through the lifting muffle 18, and bringing it on the pulleys of this muffle 18 where it comes to take the place of the auxiliary cable 23 provisionally installed.
  • the auxiliary cable 23 is separate from the lifting cable 16, which makes this auxiliary cable 23 available for the following operations.
  • the cable 23 of the auxiliary winch 22 is first pinned to the upper end 31 of the first sling member 25, while the front end of the second sling member 26 has already been attached. by broaching at 28 on the front part of the arrow 9. It then controls only the auxiliary winch 22, in the winding direction of its cable 23, which passes on a pulley 32 at the top of the boom holder 6, so gradually stretching the sling 24 through intermediate positions, such as that indicated in II. The sling 24 is thus stretched, being pulled upwards, until the upper end 31 of its first element 25 can be attached by broaching the top of the boom holder 6 (position III).
  • the first sling element 25 After the first sling element 25 has been thus attached to the top of the boom carrier 6, it is separated from the auxiliary cable 23, and the same operation is repeated on the other side of the crane, for mounting the second provisional sling 24.
  • the two temporary slings 24, thus installed, provide the provisional retention of the arrow 9, pending the following operation which consists of the installation of the line of tie rods 19.
  • the mounting of the tie rods 19 is illustrated by the figure 4 .
  • the cable 23 of the auxiliary winch 22 passes over a deflection pulley 33 located forward of the boom 9, and the end 34 of this auxiliary cable 23 is moored to the lifting block 18, which is initially near the top of the arrow holder 6.
  • the rear end 35 of the line of tie rods 19 is attached to the lifting muffle 18, while its anterior end is still free. It is then proceeded to actuate the control of the auxiliary winch 22, in the direction of the winding of its cable 23, while the lifting winch 13 is actuated in the direction of unwinding of its cable 16.
  • the muffle of lift 18 is thus pulled forward by the auxiliary cable 23, which removes it from the arrow holder 6 and finally allows to hang the front end of the line of tie rods 19 to the front part of the arrow 9, as suggested in 30 on the figure 4 .
  • the front part of the boom 9 will be connected to the lifting block 18 via the line of tie rods 19.
  • the bracket 29 is used in combination with the auxiliary winch 22 and with its cable 23 of relatively small diameter. More particularly, the auxiliary cable 23, unwinding from the drum of the winch 22, is first directed rearward to the foot of the bracket 29, then it extends along the mast and the arm of this bracket 29 , with suitable guides and references by pulleys 36, 37 and 38.
  • the auxiliary cable 23 can thus be used for example, as illustrated by FIG. figure 5 for dismounting a winch, such as the hoisting winch 14.

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Montage eines Krans mit Wippausleger, wobei der Kran eine feste oder bewegliche Tragkonstruktion enthält, insbesondere einen senkrechten Mast (3), über dem ein um eine senkrechte Achse (A) ausrichtbares Drehteil (4) sitzt, das aus einem Drehzapfen (5), einem Wippausleger (9), der nach vorne gerichtet und an seinem hinteren Ende um eine waagrechte Achse (15) am Drehzapfen (5) angelenkt ist, einen Auslegerträger (6), der sich schräg nach oben und nach hinten ausgehend vom Drehzapfen (5) erstreckt, und aus einem im Wesentlichen waagrechten Gegenausleger (7) besteht, der nach hinten gerichtet und über sein vorderes Ende mit dem Drehzapfen (5) verbunden ist, wobei der Gegenausleger (7) Mechanismen (8) des Krans trägt, und eine Ausleger-Wippvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, wobei letztere eine zu den Mechanismen gehörende Wippwinde (13) enthält, wobei ein Wippseil (16) über den Scheitel des Auslegerträgers (6) und durch eine Wippflasche (18) geht, die über mindestens einen Wipp-Zuganker (19) mit dem vorderen Teil des Auslegers (9) verbunden ist, und die erwähnten Mechanismen auch eine Hubwinde (14) mit Hubseil (20) enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Hilfswinde (22) verwendet wird, insbesondere eine Winde, die vom Drehteil (4) des Krans getragen wird, wobei diese Winde (22) mit einem Hilfsseil (23) ausgestattet ist, dessen Durchmesser deutlich kleiner ist als derjenige der Hubseile (20) und Wippseile (16), um einen Verseilungsvorgang der Wippflasche (18) mit dem Wippseil (16) durchzuführen und/oder um einen Vorgang der Montage mindestens eines provisorischen Gehänges (24) durchzuführen, das für den provisorischen Halt des Auslegers (9) vorgesehen ist, und/oder um einen Vorgang der Montage der Reihe von Zugankern (19) durchzuführen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorgang der Verseilung der Wippflasche (18) darin besteht, nachdem in der Werkstatt die Wippflasche (18) mit dem Hilfsseil (23) mit wesentlich geringerem Durchmesser als derjenige des Wippseils (16) vorverseilt wurde, ein Ende des Hilfsseils (23) mit dem Wippseil (16) zu verbinden, das auf die Trommel der Wippwinde (13) aufgewickelt ist, das andere Ende des Hilfsseils (23) mit der Hilfswinde (22) zu verbinden, und gleichzeitig die Wippwinde (13) und die Hilfswinde (22) zu betätigen, um das Wippseil (16) abzuwickeln und es in die Wippflasche (18) einzuführen, während das Hilfsseil (23) wieder auf die Hilfswinde (22) aufgewickelt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorgang der Montage mindestens eines provisorischen Gehänges (24) für den Halt des Auslegers (9) für jedes provisorische Gehänge (24) darin besteht, ein erstes Gehängeelement (25) entlang des Auslegerträgers (6) zu lagern und ein zweites Gehängeelement (26), das das erste verlängert, entlang des Auslegers (9) zu lagern, wobei das vordere Ende des zweiten Gehängeelements (25) am vorderen Teil des Auslegers (9) befestigt ist (28), das obere Ende (31) des ersten Gehängeelements (25) am Seil (23) der Hilfswinde (22) zu befestigen, diese Hilfswinde (22) in Richtung des Aufwickelns ihres Seils (23) zu betätigen, um das provisorische Gehänge (24) zu spannen, und das obere Ende (31) des ersten Gehängeelements (25) am Scheitel des Auslegerträgers (6) zu befestigen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Fall von zwei provisorischen Gehängen (24) die Elemente (25, 26) dieser Gehänge je auf den zwei Seiten des Auslegerträgers (6) und des Auslegers (9) gelagert werden, und dass nacheinander die Montage des ersten provisorischen Gehänges (24) und dann die Montage des zweiten provisorischen Gehänges (24) mit Hilfe der Hilfswinde (22) und ihres Seils (23) durchgeführt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorgang der Montage der Reihe von Zugankern (19) darin besteht, nachdem das Seil (23) der Hilfswinde (22) über eine Umlenkrolle (33) geführt wurde, die sich zur Vorderseite des Auslegers (9) hin befindet, das Ende (34) des Hilfsseils (23) an der Wippflasche (18) festzumachen, wobei das hintere Ende (35) der Reihe von Zugankern (19) auch an der Wippflasche (18) befestigt ist, die Hilfswinde (22) in Richtung des Aufwickelns ihres Seils (23) zu betätigen und die Wippwinde (13) in Richtung des Abwickelns ihres Seils (16) zu betätigen, um die Wippflasche (18) nach vorne zu ziehen, und schließlich das vordere Ende (35) der Reihe von Zugankern (19) am vorderen Teil des Auslegers (9) zu befestigen.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfswinde (22) ebenfalls in Kombination mit einem Galgen (29) verwendet wird, der von der Plattform der Mechanismen (8) getragen wird, die selbst vom Gegenausleger (7) getragen wird, für die Wartung oder die Instandhaltung der von diesem Gegenausleger (7) getragenen Mechanismen, wobei das Seil (23) der Hilfswinde (22) dann zum Galgen (29) gerichtet ist und entlang dieses Galgens (29) geführt wird (36, 37, 38).
  7. Vorrichtung zur Montage eines Krans mit Wippausleger zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Hilfswinde (22) enthält, die vom Drehteil (4) des Krans getragen wird, wobei diese Hilfswinde (22) mit einem Hilfsseil (23) mit einem wesentlich kleineren Durchmesser als derjenige der Hubseile (20) und Wippseile (16) ausgestattet ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfswinde (22) an der Basis des Auslegerträgers (6) des Krans montiert ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie auf dem Drehteil (4) des Krans Führungseinrichtungen für das Hilfsseil (23) enthält, insbesondere Riemenscheiben (32, 33), die für die mit Hilfe der Hilfswinde (23) durchgeführten Vorgänge geeignet sind.
  10. Kran mit Wippausleger, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mit einer Montagevorrichtung mit Hilfswinde (22) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9 ausgestattet ist.
EP06356102A 2005-10-26 2006-08-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Montage eines Krans mit anhebbarem Ausleger Expired - Fee Related EP1780165B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0510954A FR2892405B1 (fr) 2005-10-26 2005-10-26 Procede et dispositif de montage d'une grue a fleche relevable

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EP1780165A1 EP1780165A1 (de) 2007-05-02
EP1780165B1 true EP1780165B1 (de) 2010-04-07

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EP (1) EP1780165B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101330716B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1955102B (de)
AU (1) AU2006233182B2 (de)
DE (1) DE602006013385D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2342969T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2892405B1 (de)
MY (1) MY141399A (de)

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CN103663189B (zh) * 2014-01-02 2015-06-17 中联重科股份有限公司 动臂塔机安装方法
CN104340907A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2015-02-11 徐州重型机械有限公司 起重卷扬防乱绳控制装置及控制方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012019248A1 (de) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh Turmdrehkran

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AU2006233182B2 (en) 2011-08-04
ES2342969T3 (es) 2010-07-20
KR101330716B1 (ko) 2013-11-26
CN1955102A (zh) 2007-05-02
FR2892405B1 (fr) 2007-12-07
KR20070045098A (ko) 2007-05-02
AU2006233182A1 (en) 2007-05-10
MY141399A (en) 2010-04-30
DE602006013385D1 (de) 2010-05-20
CN1955102B (zh) 2010-07-21
FR2892405A1 (fr) 2007-04-27
EP1780165A1 (de) 2007-05-02

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