EP1577423A2 - Elektrolytische Zelle zur Gaserzeugung - Google Patents
Elektrolytische Zelle zur Gaserzeugung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1577423A2 EP1577423A2 EP05003729A EP05003729A EP1577423A2 EP 1577423 A2 EP1577423 A2 EP 1577423A2 EP 05003729 A EP05003729 A EP 05003729A EP 05003729 A EP05003729 A EP 05003729A EP 1577423 A2 EP1577423 A2 EP 1577423A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell according
- electrodes
- electrolyte liquid
- gas
- azide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 azide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
- A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
- A44B19/24—Details
- A44B19/26—Sliders
- A44B19/265—Sliders with means for preventing the accidental intrusion of material into the slider body, e.g. with shield or guard
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45B—WALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
- A45B25/00—Details of umbrellas
- A45B25/18—Covers; Means for fastening same
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cell for generating gas, in particular for the operation of a lubricant dispenser, with two electrodes for connection to a current source containing circuit and an aqueous electrolyte liquid containing an azide of the formula XN 3 and located between the two electrodes for the electrochemical generation of a gas containing nitrogen (N 2 ).
- a lubricant dispenser To meter the amount of lubricant by means of a gas-generating cell, wherein the pressure generated by means of the gas a corresponding exit of Lubricant caused by the dispenser.
- the generation of hydrogen or oxygen to the Electrodes of a galvanic cell known (DE 35 32 335 C2).
- the cell can optionally with a zinc anode for the production of hydrogen or with a Manganese dioxide cathode for the production of oxygen itself sufficient provide great voltage to the over an external variable resistor To set between the electrodes flowing electrolysis. additionally can also be provided a battery, which better regulation of Amperage possible.
- the invention is based on the object, a cell with the above indicate characteristics characterized by a good gas generation rate distinguished.
- the object is achieved in that the electrolyte liquid a magnesium salt as an additive to the chemical bonding of the containing electrochemical reaction resulting hydroxide ions.
- the Invention is based on the finding that the magnesium salt and The hydroxide hydroxide formed magnesium hydroxide only a very small Having solubility product and according to the reaction equilibrium in the electrolyte liquid is withdrawn.
- magnesium is in his Compounds electrochemically indifferent and also the precipitated hydrous Hydroxide gel influences ion migration in the electrolyte fluid not noticeable. With the help of the teaching of the invention, it is possible to pH of the electrolyte liquid also with increasing nitrogen formation in to keep a narrow range constant.
- the electrolyte liquid can have a pH between 8 and 10 exhibit. Preferably, the pH is 8 - 9.5. While the azide suitably made of sodium azide is used as the magnesium salt preferably magnesium sulfate or magnesium perchlorate used. Around a sufficient withdrawal of the resulting hydroxide ions from the To ensure electrolyte fluid is the magnesium salt in relation to Amide added stoichiometrically or in excess.
- the electrolyte liquid may be added an antifreeze, which preferably consists of ethylene glycol and / or dimethyl sulfoxide. hereby is a proper operation of the gas cell even at low temperatures guaranteed.
- an antifreeze which preferably consists of ethylene glycol and / or dimethyl sulfoxide. hereby is a proper operation of the gas cell even at low temperatures guaranteed.
- the electrolyte liquid nickel sulfate as an additive contain.
- the direct oxidation of azide not only possible on precious metal electrodes, but equally well on Electrodes of steel, preferably chromium-nickel steel or graphite. alternative The electrodes can also be made of plastic with embedded graphite powder consist.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram which represents the evolution of gas from a pure sodium azide solution according to the prior art as a function of the content of free sodium hydroxide solution.
- the caustic soda produced causes even at low concentrations a significant drop in the gas generation rate, so that as the gas production increases, the effectiveness of the cell decreases very rapidly.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically the structure of a cell according to the invention for gas generation, which is particularly suitable for the operation of a lubricant dispenser.
- the cell has two electrodes 1, 1 'for connection to a circuit 3 containing a current source 2.
- the power source 2 may for example consist of a commercially available battery button cell.
- a sodium azide (NaN 3 ) -containing Between the two electrodes 1, 1 'there is a sodium azide (NaN 3 ) -containing, aqueous electrolyte liquid 4, which serves for the electrochemical generation of a nitrogen (N 2 ) -containing gas.
- a suitable receiving body 5 is provided, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, for receiving the electrolyte liquid 4, a suitable receiving body 5 is provided, for.
- the applied voltage causes the following reaction at the anode 1: 2N 3 - ⁇ 3 N 2 + 2 e -, while a corresponding reduction of hydrogen ions takes place at the cathode 1 ': 2 H + + 2e - ⁇ H 2
- the electrolyte liquid 4 is added to a magnesium salt for chemical bonding of the hydroxide ions formed during the electrochemical reaction.
- Magnesium hydroxide has a very low solubility product, so that the magnesium hydroxide formed from the magnesium salt and the hydroxide ions according to the equation Mg 2+ + 2 OH - ⁇ Mg (OH) 2 , which is formed on the cathode 1 ', from the electrolyte liquid 4 fails.
- the electrolyte fluid according to the invention allows for the electrodes 1, 1 'conventional materials such.
- steel preferably chromium-nickel steel, or graphite can be used.
- the electrodes 1, 1 ' may also be made of plastic with embedded graphite powder.
- the magnesium perchlorate binds the sodium hydroxide formed in the reaction by formation of sparingly soluble magnesium hydroxide. This falls as Precipitation and is thus removed from the reaction equilibrium.
- magnesium perchlorate has the advantage that the electrolyte liquid remains fluid to below - 20 ° C, so that an addition of antifreeze is not required and the electrolyte liquid can be easily absorbed in a sponge.
- a simple separation of gas and electrolyte fluid independent of the position is provided.
- the disposal of a cell containing the electrolyte liquid can be carried out by combustion.
- the magnesium perchlorate is readily soluble in the water so that the volume of electrolyte can be kept small. Even at temperatures of - 20 ° C, the liquid has sufficient conductivity.
- Perchloric acid is also a stable compound that behaves inertly under the given conditions.
- the formation of elemental nitrogen is carried out according to the following reaction equation: 2 Na N 3 + Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 O ⁇ 3 N 2 + H 2 + Mg (OH) 2 + 2 Na ClO 4 .
- the solution is slightly alkaline, hygroscopic, odorless, non-aggressive and undecomposed. Depending on the experimental conditions, 1 ml of this solution can supply 75 to 100 ml of gas (N 2 and H 2 ).
- FIG. 3 illustrates the effect of adding nickel sulfate according to FIG Example b) on the total cell voltage as a function of the electrolysis current.
- graphite electrodes 10 ⁇ 10 mm were used. From the Fig. 3 it can be seen that by the addition of nickel sulfate, the hydrogen overvoltage the cathode forming electrode can be reduced and at the same cell current compared to the solution a) a corresponding lower cell voltage sets.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the course of the cell voltage as a function of the current at + 20 ° C and - 20 ° C. It can be seen that the lowering the temperature at the same cell current requires a higher cell voltage.
- the in Fig. 4 illustrated diagram has been for the electrolyte liquid according to the Example b) created, which even at -20 ° C still sufficiently large cell currents ensures that allow use of the cell according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
zwei Elektroden zum Anschluss an einen eine Stromquelle enthaltenden Stromkreis und
einer zwischen den beiden Elektroden befindlichen, ein Azid der Formel XN3 enthaltenden, wässrigen Elektrolytflüssigkeit zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung eines Stickstoff (N2) enthaltenden Gases.
- Fig. 1
- die Gasentwicklung aus einer reinen Natriumazid-Lösung in Abhängigkeit vom Gehalt an freier Natronlauge,
- Fig. 2
- den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Zelle zur Gaserzeugung,
- Fig. 3
- den Einfluss von Nickel auf die Zellspannung und
- Fig. 4
- die Zellspannung in Abhängigkeit vom Zellstrom bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen.
31,0 g Magnesiumperchlorat, Gehalt 83 Gew.-%, wasserhaltig 100 ml Wasser.
Claims (9)
- Zelle zur Gaserzeugung, insbesondere für den Betrieb eines Schmierstoffspenders, mit
zwei Elektroden (1,1') zum Anschluss an einen eine Stromquelle (2) enthaltenden Stromkreis (3) und
einer zwischen den beiden Elektroden (1, 1') befindlichen, ein Azid der Formel XN3 enthaltenden, wässrigen Elektrolytflüssigkeit (4) zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung eines Stickstoff (N2) enthaltenden Gases,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrolytflüssigkeit (4) ein Magnesiumsalz als Zusatz zur chemischen Bindung von bei der elektrochemischen Reaktion entstehenden Hydroxid-lonen enthält. - Zelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Azid aus Natriumazid besteht.
- Zelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnesiumsalz aus Magnesiumsulfat besteht.
- Zelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnesiumsalz aus Magnesiumperchlorat besteht.
- Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnesiumsalz im Verhältnis zur Azidmenge stöchiometrisch oder im Überschuss zugesetzt ist.
- Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektrolytflüssigkeit (4) ein Frostschutzmittel zugesetzt ist.
- Zelle nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Frostschutzmittel aus Ethylenglykol und/oder Dimethylsulfoxid besteht.
- Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrolytflüssigkeit (4) Nickelsulfat als Zusatz zur Vermeidung einer Wasserstoffüberspannung der die Kathode bildenden Elektrode (1') enthält.
- Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (1, 1') aus Stahl, vorzugsweise Chrom-Nickel-Stahl, Graphit oder aus Kunststoff mit eingebettetem Graphitpulver bestehen.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004013593 | 2004-03-19 | ||
DE102004013593 | 2004-03-19 | ||
DE102004032260 | 2004-07-03 | ||
DE102004032260A DE102004032260B4 (de) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-07-03 | Zelle zur Gaserzeugung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1577423A2 true EP1577423A2 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1577423A3 EP1577423A3 (de) | 2008-02-13 |
EP1577423B1 EP1577423B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=34839610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05003729A Active EP1577423B1 (de) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-02-22 | Elektrolytische Zelle zur Gaserzeugung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20050205418A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1577423B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4210664B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20060043761A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE417143T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005201076B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004032260B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2318373T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004799A1 (de) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Statusindikator für temperaturempfindliche Güter |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007010518B4 (de) * | 2007-03-05 | 2009-03-19 | Perma-Tec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Abgabe von Schmiermitteln sowie Gaserzeugungselement zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102007037422A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-19 | Perma-Tec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schmierstoffspender |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5423454A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-06-13 | Lippman, Deceased; Lawrence G. | Method of propellant gas generation |
US20030146104A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Colin Oloman | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen using azole derivatives |
US20040031695A1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2004-02-19 | Colin Oloman | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1558241A (en) * | 1977-05-18 | 1979-12-19 | Chloride Silent Power Ltd | Electrochemical cells employing an alkali metal and a solid electrolyte |
US4250004A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-02-10 | Olin Corporation | Process for the preparation of low overvoltage electrodes |
DE3423605A1 (de) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verbundelektrode, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre anwendung |
DE3532335A1 (de) * | 1985-09-11 | 1987-03-12 | Winsel August | Galvanische zelle zur entwicklung von wasserstoff bzw. sauerstoff |
DE69226770T2 (de) * | 1991-04-24 | 1999-04-15 | Orlitzky, Anton, Delta, British Columbia | Gasgenerator |
US5427870A (en) * | 1994-09-06 | 1995-06-27 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Gas releasing electrochemical cell for fluid dispensing applications |
US6024860A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2000-02-15 | American Pacific Corporation | System for electrochemical decomposition of sodium azide |
US6296756B1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-10-02 | H20 Technologies, Ltd. | Hand portable water purification system |
US6428608B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-08-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling air quality |
EP1476400A4 (de) * | 2002-02-22 | 2008-04-16 | Aqua Innovations Inc | Sauerstoffmikrobläschen |
-
2004
- 2004-07-03 DE DE102004032260A patent/DE102004032260B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-02-22 EP EP05003729A patent/EP1577423B1/de active Active
- 2005-02-22 AT AT05003729T patent/ATE417143T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-22 ES ES05003729T patent/ES2318373T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-09 US US11/076,530 patent/US20050205418A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-10 AU AU2005201076A patent/AU2005201076B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-17 KR KR1020050022247A patent/KR20060043761A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-18 JP JP2005079783A patent/JP4210664B2/ja active Active
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 US US12/074,842 patent/US7563355B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5423454A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-06-13 | Lippman, Deceased; Lawrence G. | Method of propellant gas generation |
US20040031695A1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2004-02-19 | Colin Oloman | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen |
US20030146104A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Colin Oloman | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen using azole derivatives |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004799A1 (de) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Statusindikator für temperaturempfindliche Güter |
DE102011004799B4 (de) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-09-27 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Statusindikator für temperaturempfindliche Güter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050205418A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
AU2005201076B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
US7563355B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
DE102004032260B4 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
US20080226953A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
EP1577423A3 (de) | 2008-02-13 |
AU2005201076A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
ES2318373T3 (es) | 2009-05-01 |
DE102004032260A1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
EP1577423B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
JP2005264333A (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
JP4210664B2 (ja) | 2009-01-21 |
ATE417143T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
KR20060043761A (ko) | 2006-05-15 |
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