EP1416586B1 - Antenne mit einer Filtermaterialanordnung - Google Patents

Antenne mit einer Filtermaterialanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1416586B1
EP1416586B1 EP03027264A EP03027264A EP1416586B1 EP 1416586 B1 EP1416586 B1 EP 1416586B1 EP 03027264 A EP03027264 A EP 03027264A EP 03027264 A EP03027264 A EP 03027264A EP 1416586 B1 EP1416586 B1 EP 1416586B1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
assembly
probe
antenna according
materials
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03027264A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1416586A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Thevenot
Bernard Jecko
Alain Reineix
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmitting or receiving antenna achieving significant directivity levels at microwave frequencies.
  • Antennas comprising at least one probe capable of transforming electrical energy into electromagnetic energy and vice versa.
  • Today, conventionally used antennas include parabolic reflector antennas, lens antennas and horn type antennas.
  • Parabolic reflector antennas have a parabolic reflective plane at the focus of which is a probe. This results in a congestion related to the focal length of the parabolic reflector.
  • the lens antennas comprise a lens at the focus of which is a probe.
  • a lens at the focus of which is a probe.
  • such an antenna also has a high weight, due to the weight of the lens, which weight may be disadvantageous for certain applications.
  • Cornet type antennas are cumbersome and heavy to achieve high directivity levels.
  • Cylindrical antennas comprising a stack of dielectric layers are known from GB-A-1555756 and WO 95/33287 A.
  • GB-A-1555756 discloses an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a resonant device comprising a defective BIP material is known from US-A-5,471,180.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of conventional antennas by creating a less bulky and less heavy antenna capable of transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic wave with significant directivity levels.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore an antenna according to claim 1
  • Said antenna thus makes it possible to obtain reduced bulk and weight by the use of a simplified feed system and a assembly, of small thickness, of elements made of materials differing in their permittivity and / or their permeability and / or their conductivity.
  • the antenna according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the features which appear in the dependent claims.
  • Low loss materials such as for example plastic, ceramic, ferrite, metal, etc., will preferably be selected.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the probe 10 can be very simple to design from the moment it fills the type of polarization (linear or circular), the ellipticity rate and the electrical characteristics desired by the manufacturer, this probe 10 to be nevertheless small in front of the overall dimensions of the antenna.
  • An interest of the assembly 20 is to make it possible to design an antenna allowing one or more frequency propagation modes inside a non-conducting band, according to one or more allowed spatial directions d, spatial filtering being itself dependent the frequency and nature of the materials in the assembly 20.
  • This assembly 20 comprising a structure 22 designed on the principle of photonic bandgap materials in which is located one or more cavity (s) 21 is to have one or more mode (s) frequency (s) ) of very isolated propagation of its (their) nearest neighbors.
  • a structure designed on the principle of photonic bandgap materials is a structure of elements differing in their permittivity and / or permeability and / or conductivity, which structure has a periodicity of at least one dimension.
  • a cavity 21 placed within the assembly 20 gives it, by association with the photonic bandgap material 22, the behavior of a material known to those skilled in the art photonic bandgap material failing.
  • An antenna shown in FIG. 2 may further comprise an electromagnetic reflective plane 30 placed in the middle of the assembly 20 and containing the probe 10, making it possible to halve the dimensions of the antenna, particularly when the radiation is not useful only in a half space.
  • An interest of an antenna comprising an electromagnetic reflective plane 30 is to increase the gain of the main lobe of the directivity diagram of said antenna.
  • An antenna shown in FIG. 3 comprises a structure 22 designed on the principle of photonic bandgap materials having a one-dimensional periodicity, that is to say that said structure 22 comprises an alternation of plane layers of two materials 23 and 24, for example respectively alumina and air, distinguished by their permittivity and / or their permeability and / or their conductivity.
  • An antenna shown in Figure 4 comprises a structure 22 designed on the principle of photonic bandgap materials having a two-dimensional periodicity, that is to say that said structure 22 has bars, of cylindrical shape arranged regularly , a first material 25, for example alumina, separated from each other by a second material 26, for example air, the second material being distinguished from the first by its permittivity and / or its permeability and / or its conductivity.
  • the structure is composed of cylindrical bars arranged in a succession of superposed layers.
  • the bars extend parallel to each other and are placed with a regular pitch.
  • the bars of successive layers are aligned with a regular pitch.
  • the bars are metallic.
  • An antenna shown in FIG. 5 comprises a structure 22 designed on the principle of photonic bandgap materials, having a three-dimensional periodicity, such that said structure 22 comprises an alternation of bars, for example of parallelepipedal shape arranged in a regular manner, a first material 27, for example alumina or metal, separated from each other by a second material 28, for example air, said second material being distinguished from the first material by its permittivity and / or its permeability and / or its conductivity.
  • the structure 22 is composed of substantially parallelepiped shaped bars arranged in a stack of superposed layers.
  • the bars extend parallel to each other and are placed in a regular pitch, and the bars of two adjacent layers form a constant angle, for example an angle of 90 °.
  • the bars of layers separated by an intermediate layer are parallel to each other and aligned with a regular pitch.
  • the number of useful periods in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the antenna depends on the contrasts of permittivity and / or permeability and / or conductivity of the materials used. To reduce the number of periods, it is necessary to increase the index contrasts between the different materials.
  • the materials used are the high permittivity index alumina and the low permittivity index air, which allows the structure 22 to comprise only three layers of materials.
  • the structure 22 thus consists of a first planar layer 23a of alumina in contact with a second plane layer 24a of air itself in contact with a third planar layer 23b of alumina.
  • the present invention very clearly improves the congestion problem related to the antennas, in particular thanks to the low thickness of an antenna according to the invention.
  • An antenna as shown in FIG. 6 provides the radiation and a spatial and frequency filtering of the electromagnetic waves produced or received by said antenna, as represented in FIG. 7. Said filtering notably allows one or more operating frequencies f of said antenna within a non-conducting frequency band B.
  • An antenna as shown in Figure 6 is designed to achieve a gain of 20db and has a radiation pattern shown in Figure 8.
  • the antenna according to the invention achieves significant gains in a given direction such as conventional aperture antennas.
  • the operation of the antenna described with reference to Figure 6, will now be examined.
  • the antenna has two modes of operation: a transmitter mode and a receiver mode.
  • an electric current led by the power supply wire 11 reaches the level of the probe 10a which transforms it into an electromagnetic wave.
  • This electromagnetic wave then passes through the assembly 20 of elements made of materials differing in their permittivity and / or their permeability and / or their conductivity, the arrangement of which makes it possible to operate by construction a spatial and frequency filtering on the wave electromagnetic and thus conform the radiation pattern of the antenna system according to properties desired by the user.
  • an electromagnetic wave arriving at the antenna is filtered spatially and frequently during its crossing of the assembly 20 of elements made of materials differing in their permittivity and / or permeability and / or their conductivity, before reaching the probe 10a. Then, the electromagnetic wave filtered according to properties desired by construction of the antenna, is transformed into electric current by the probe 10a and transmitted to the supply wire 11.
  • the probe of the antenna is of a nature capable of generating a linear or circular polarization in the antenna, causing an operation thereof, either in linear polarization or in circular polarization.
  • the shape of the planar layers is arranged to obtain a radiation pattern and desired gain according to the theory of radiating openings.
  • the constituent elements of the structure are coaxial cylinders surrounding the probe, the arrangement thus having a radial periodicity, and the inner cylindrical element forms a cavity receiving said probe.
  • the constituent elements of the structure 22 are coaxial cylinders consisting of photonic bandgap materials having a periodicity in two or three dimensions.
  • At least one of the materials has variable dielectric and / or magnetic characteristics as a function of an external source such as an electric or magnetic field, so as to make it possible to achieve tunable antennas.
  • the assembly exhibits multiple periodicity defects generated by a cavity or the juxtaposition of several cavities and making it possible to widen the bandwidth of the antenna and / or to create multiband antennas.
  • the assembly of elements 20 has a periodicity of at least one dimension and at least one defect in one of the dimensions of this periodicity which generates at least one cavity in its entirety.
  • the elements remaining arranged in a regular step in the other dimensions.
  • This structure has a two-dimensional periodicity: it comprises bars 25, of cylindrical shape arranged in two layers 32 and 34 identical and superimposed. In each layer 32 and 34, the bars 25 extend parallel to each other and are placed with a regular pitch.
  • the assembly 20 constituted by the cavity 21a and the structure 22 has a defect in its periodicity, in the dimension corresponding to the direction orthogonal to the planar reflector 30a and the layers 32 and 34.
  • the periodic arrangement of the bars 25 in each layer 32 and 34 is not affected by the presence of the cavity 21a.
  • this antenna is also dependent on the operating frequency for which it was designed. For example, to operate at a frequency of 4.75 GHz, the lateral dimensions of the antenna are 258 mm, the thickness of the cavity 21 is 33.54 mm, the two layers 32 and 34 are distant from each other. 22.36 mm and in each layer, the bars 25 have a diameter of 10.6 mm and their respective axes are spaced 22.36 mm.
  • the bars may be made of dielectric, magnetic or metallic materials.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 9 has, like that shown in FIG. 6, a radiation pattern such as that represented in FIG. 8.
  • the antenna comprises a multiplicity of probes of different natures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Antenne, umfassend mindestens eine Sonde (10), die elektrische Energie in elektromagnetische Energie und umgekehrt umwandeln kann, und ebenfalls umfassend ein Einheit (20) von Elementen aus mindestens zwei Stoffen, die sich in ihrer Permittivität und/oder ihrer Permeabilität und/oder ihrer Leitfähigkeit unterscheiden, in der die Sonde angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheit eine Struktur (22) umfasst, die auf dem Prinzip der Stoffe des verbotenen Photonenbandes (BIP) verwirklicht ist, in der sich ein oder mehrere Hohlräume (21) befinden, die der Einheit das Verhalten eines nicht vorhandenen BIP-Stoffes verleihen, wobei die Anordnung der Elemente in der Einheit die Abstrahlung und eine räumlich-zeitliche Filterung der von der Sonde erzeugten oder empfangenen elektromagnetischen Wellen sicherstellt, wobei die Filterung insbesondere die Transmission einer oder mehrerer Funktionsfrequenzen (f) der Antenne durch die Einheit im Inneren eines nicht durchgelassenen Frequenzbereichs gestattet, und dass die Einheit von Elementen (20) eine radiale Periodizität und mindestens einen Fehler (21) in dieser radialen Periodizität aufweist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheit von Elementen (20) einen ersten Stoff mit gegebener Permittivität, Permeabilität und Leitfähigkeit, das mindestens einen Hohlraum (21, 21a) bildet, und eine Struktur (22) umfasst, die sich aus zwei weiteren Stoffen (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 23a, 23b, 24a) zusammensetzt, die sich durch ihre Permittivität und/oder ihre Permeabilität und/oder ihre Leitfähigkeit unterscheiden, wobei die Struktur eine radiale Periodizität aufweist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bestandteile der Struktur (22) koaxiale Zylinder sind, die die Sonde umgeben, wobei die Anordnung somit eine radiale Periodizität aufweist, und dass das innere zylindrische Element den mindestens einen Hohlraum, der die Sonde aufnimmt, bildet.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheit von Elementen eine erste zylindrische Stoffschicht (21a) umfasst, die mit dem ersten Stoff hergestellt ist, der mindestens einen Hohlraum bildet, in dem die Sonde angeordnet ist, wobei die erste Schicht mit mindestens einer Aufeinanderfolge von zylindrischen Schichten (23a, 23b, 24a) von Stoffen, die sich durch ihre Permittivität und/oder ihre Permeabilität und/oder ihre Leitfähigkeit unterscheiden, in Kontakt steht, die nach einem periodischen Muster in mindestens einer Dimension angeordnet sind, um eine Struktur von koaxialen Zylindern zu bilden.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die koaxialen Zylinder homogen sind.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die koaxialen Zylinder aus Stoffen mit verbotenem Photonenband gebildet sind, das eine Periodizität in zwei oder drei Dimensionen aufweist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner einen Reflektor von elektromagnetischen Wellen (30, 30A) umfasst, der die Sonde trägt und in Kontakt mit der Einheit von Elementen angeordnet ist.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine zylindrische metallische Platte umfasst, die einen Reflektor (30a) von elektromagnetischen Wellen bildet, auf welchem die Sonde (10, 10a) angeordnet ist, wobei die zylindrische metallische Platte mit der ersten zylindrischen Schicht in Kontakt steht, wobei die Dicke e1 der ersten Schicht gegeben ist durch die Beziehung e 1 = 0 , 5 λ ε r μ r ,
    Figure imgb0008
     wobei die erste Schicht selbst mit der Aufeinanderfolge von Schichten (23a, 23b, 24a) in Kontakt steht, wobei die Dicke e jeder der Schichten der Aufeinanderfolge von Schichten gegeben ist durch die Beziehung e = 0 , 25 λ ε r μ r ,
    Figure imgb0009
     wobei λ die Wellenlänge entsprechend der vom Benutzer gewünschten Funktionsfrequenz (f) der Antenne ist, εr und µr die relative Permittivität bzw. die relative Permeabilität des Materials der betreffenden Schicht sind.
  9. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sonde der Antenne von Natur aus in der Lage ist, eine lineare oder kreisförmige Polarisierung in der Antenne zu erzeugen, was zu einer Funktion derselben entweder mit linearer Polarisierung oder mit kreisförmiger Polarisierung führt.
  10. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Sonde im Inneren des Hohlraums (21) befindet.
  11. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer der Stoffe mindestens dielektrische und/oder magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist, die von einer äußeren Quelle, wie beispielsweise einem elektrischen oder magnetischen Feld, abhängen, um es zu ermöglichen, abstimmbare Antennen herzustellen.
  12. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheit einen Hohlraum oder eine Aneinanderreihung von Hohlräumen aufweist, die zahlreiche Periodizitätsfehler bilden, die es ermöglichen, das Durchlassband der Antenne zu erweitern und/oder Mehrbandantennen zu erzeugen.
  13. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur (22) metallische Stäbe umfasst, die mit einer Periodizität in zwei oder drei Dimensionen angeordnet sind.
EP03027264A 1999-11-18 2000-11-17 Antenne mit einer Filtermaterialanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP1416586B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9914521A FR2801428B1 (fr) 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Antenne pourvue d'un assemblage de materiaux filtrant
FR9914521 1999-11-18
EP00981432A EP1145379B1 (de) 1999-11-18 2000-11-17 Antenne mit einer filtermaterialanordnung

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EP00981432A Division EP1145379B1 (de) 1999-11-18 2000-11-17 Antenne mit einer filtermaterialanordnung

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EP1416586B1 true EP1416586B1 (de) 2006-08-09

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US (1) US6549172B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1416586B1 (de)
JP (2) JP4727884B2 (de)
CN (2) CN1203579C (de)
AT (2) ATE371964T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1868401A (de)
CA (1) CA2360432C (de)
DE (2) DE60036195T2 (de)
ES (2) ES2292491T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2801428B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001037373A1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE371964T1 (de) 2007-09-15
DE60030013T2 (de) 2007-02-22
JP4714417B2 (ja) 2011-06-29
AU1868401A (en) 2001-05-30
WO2001037373A1 (fr) 2001-05-25
DE60036195T2 (de) 2008-05-15
CA2360432A1 (fr) 2001-05-25
JP2004159372A (ja) 2004-06-03
JP2003514476A (ja) 2003-04-15
ES2292491T3 (es) 2008-03-16
FR2801428A1 (fr) 2001-05-25
CN1337078A (zh) 2002-02-20
CN1203579C (zh) 2005-05-25
EP1145379B1 (de) 2007-08-29
ES2269897T3 (es) 2007-04-01
US6549172B1 (en) 2003-04-15
DE60036195D1 (de) 2007-10-11
ATE336091T1 (de) 2006-09-15
EP1416586A1 (de) 2004-05-06
JP4727884B2 (ja) 2011-07-20
CN1519988A (zh) 2004-08-11
CA2360432C (fr) 2008-10-07
DE60030013D1 (de) 2006-09-21
FR2801428B1 (fr) 2004-10-15
EP1145379A1 (de) 2001-10-17
CN100424930C (zh) 2008-10-08

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