EP0623970A1 - Antenne mit zirkularem oder elliptischem Profil, feststehend oder rotierend, für einen oder mehrere multipolarisierte Wellen abgebende Mikrowellengeneratoren - Google Patents

Antenne mit zirkularem oder elliptischem Profil, feststehend oder rotierend, für einen oder mehrere multipolarisierte Wellen abgebende Mikrowellengeneratoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0623970A1
EP0623970A1 EP94400902A EP94400902A EP0623970A1 EP 0623970 A1 EP0623970 A1 EP 0623970A1 EP 94400902 A EP94400902 A EP 94400902A EP 94400902 A EP94400902 A EP 94400902A EP 0623970 A1 EP0623970 A1 EP 0623970A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
generators
antenna according
waves
wave
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EP94400902A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
René Sardos
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/72—Radiators or antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices allowing irradiation by microwaves (electromagnetic waves of frequencies between 200 MHz and 140 GHz) called antennas or applicators.
  • the object of the invention is to better control and improve the radiation characteristics of microwaves, coming from one or more generators; in particular to improve the efficiency as well as the spatial distribution of the radiated energy towards the outside, in one or more portions of space, even in all space, and this with multiple polarizations which allow a better penetration waves in the materials, better efficiency and better decoupling.
  • the antenna can be considered as a closed conductive enclosure, made up of a pipe made of a good conductive material (waveguide) of circular or oval section closed at each of its ends by a reflection short-circuit. isotropic (metal plate) or anisotropic, in which one or more generators emit, and the central part of which is provided with one or more slots, not parallel to the generators (nor a fortiori to the axis of the cylinder) emitting waves at multiple polarizations.
  • isotropic metal plate
  • anisotropic in which one or more generators emit, and the central part of which is provided with one or more slots, not parallel to the generators (nor a fortiori to the axis of the cylinder) emitting waves at multiple polarizations.
  • the first part of the antenna which we will call A, is a waveguide (hollow cylinder) made of a good conductive material (copper, silver, gold, aluminum, stainless steel, etc ...), preferably non-magnetic, filled with an insulating material with little absorption (air, vacuum, "Teflon", ceramic, etc.) with dielectric constant ⁇ A and permeability ⁇ A , bringing or rather guiding the waves coming from one or more generators, directly or indirectly, in the central part B of the antenna; it is this part B which radiates microwave energy, under multiple polarizations, towards the outside.
  • part A is a waveguide of circular, oval or elliptical section in which one or more generators emit waves which propagate according to TE11 mode and whose end not connected to B is closed by an isotropic reflection short circuit (made of good metal conductor for example) or anisotropic which, upon reflection, rotates the plane of polarization of the waves (various examples will be given).
  • an isotropic reflection short circuit made of good metal conductor for example
  • anisotropic which, upon reflection, rotates the plane of polarization of the waves (various examples will be given).
  • the value of the radius R or of the semi-axes a and b of the ellipse must satisfy the conventional relation: 2.61 R ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3.41 R ⁇ where ⁇ and ⁇ are the permittivity (dielectric constant) and the permeability of the medium and At the wavelength of the generator in free space, which conditions either the limits of the radial dimensions starting from the length (s) d waves of the generator (s) or vice versa the wavelengths starting from the radial dimensions, this will be illustrated by examples.
  • R is replaced by the half-axes of the ellipse a and b , to which correspond two polarizations and two wavelengths guided ⁇ ga and ⁇ gb , different for transmitters of the same frequency; conversely, if two generators transmit in a circular guide in TE11 mode with different frequencies, their guided wavelengths are different.
  • the generators can have different frequencies, whether the guide is circular or elliptical but the propagation conditions of the TE11 mode must be satisfied.
  • the guide is circular and if several generators emit simultaneously in part A, they are arranged so as to emit, in TE11 mode, waves polarized orthogonally to each other because the waves TE11 orthogonally polarized are fully decoupled and can therefore neither interact nor interfere.
  • the generators emit, in TE11 mode, with polarizations directed along the axes a and b of the ellipse, therefore orthogonal, which ensures total decoupling and this with generally different wavelengths ⁇ ga and ⁇ gb because they can only be equal in a very specific case of generator frequencies.
  • generators which do not transmit simultaneously can transmit according to the same polarization without interacting or interfering if their antennas are separated by a suitable distance.
  • the open end of part A is generally connected, to facilitate disassembly and adjustments, by flanges to part B, but in the case where it is desired to rotate the part B so that the waves sweep over a large portion or all of the space, a rotating joint is inserted between the flanges of A and B, which does not disturb the propagation of the TE11 mode but which makes it possible to rotate the part B without move part A, the generators remaining stationary.
  • the central part B is generally connected to the parts A and C by means of flanges, between which it is possible to place rotary joints to give B an alternating or continuous movement of rotation to radiate omnipolarized waves in a given spatial angle or in all of space, A and C remaining fixed.
  • the antenna can be made watertight by covering the slots with an insulating material which is not very absorbent (for example "Teflon", ceramic, etc.) which, by a suitable shape, can improve the characteristics and better adapt them to needs.
  • an insulating material which is not very absorbent (for example "Teflon", ceramic, etc.) which, by a suitable shape, can improve the characteristics and better adapt them to needs.
  • the antenna can be made watertight by placing B in a tube made of insulating material which is not very absorbent, to allow part B to rotate, the choice of material depends on the aggressiveness of the medium to irradiate.
  • the third part C of the antenna consists of a waveguide, made of material. good conductor, preferably non-magnetic, of circular or elliptical cross-section containing a poorly absorbent insulator with permittivity ⁇ C and permeability ⁇ C in which waves propagate in TE cit mode; one of its ends is connected, generally by flanges directly, or indirectly via a rotating joint to part B, the other end is terminated by a short circuit is isotropic (the classic metal plate) or anisotropic which, upon reflection, changes the plane of polarization of the waves.
  • good conductor preferably non-magnetic, of circular or elliptical cross-section containing a poorly absorbent insulator with permittivity ⁇ C and permeability ⁇ C in which waves propagate in TE ago mode
  • one of its ends is connected, generally by flanges directly, or indirectly via a rotating joint to part B, the other end is terminated by a short circuit is isotropic (the classic metal plate) or ani
  • part C generally comprises one or more generators, real or fictitious (virtual) - this will be explained by continued- depending on the conditions of use, the desired power, the space available, etc.
  • the generators emit in an elliptical guide, the waves are polarized along the axes of the ellipse therefore orthogonally, which ensures total decoupling.
  • the generators are at a distance from the short circuit equal to (2 n + 1) ⁇ g / 4 and are possibly adapted (as in part A), for example using stubs.
  • the generators can have different frequencies but compatible with the propagation of the TE11 mode.
  • an anisotropic or active short circuit will generally be used which rotates the plane of polarization of the waves during reflection.
  • an anisotropic or active short circuit will be chosen which will generally rotate the plane of polarization of the waves by 90 ° so that the reflected wave is orthogonal to the incident wave and cannot disturb, in possibly returning to A (when it is not completely radiated), the generator that emitted it.
  • the anisotropic or active short-circuit which rotates the polarization angle by 90 ° during reflection, can consist, for example, of either a ferrite or a cold magnetized plasma attached to a metal blade, or a quarter-wave birefringent element whose neutral lines are 45 ° from the direction of polarization of the incident wave coming from B (direction A to C) attached to a metal blade, etc. ...
  • the invention naturally applies to all sources and to all frequencies of microwave radiation as well as to all dimensions of antennas.
  • a microwave antenna 1 of elliptical cross section consisting of a waveguide of good non-magnetic conductive metal the ends of which are closed by metal plates welded to the guide (isotropic short circuits which do not change the plane of polarization of the waves).
  • Parts A, B and C contain air as insulation and are connected by flanges 2, 2 ', 3 and 3'. Although the flanges are not essential, they have been shown in FIG. 1 because they allow easy disassembly, which is very useful on a prototype by making the parts interchangeable, for example to search for the slot or the slots giving the result. better.
  • the antenna of FIG. 1 is supplied by two generators, the emitting parts of which (generally called antennas but which we will call transmitters to avoid any confusion) are placed in the orifices 4 and 5, along the directions of the axes of the ellipse and at distances from the ends e and d respectively equal to (2 n + 1) ⁇ ga / 4 and (2 n + 1) ⁇ gb / 4.
  • the adapter screws (stubs), sometimes necessary depending on the type of generator, have not been shown in Figure 1.
  • Part B has only one wave diffuser slot 6 of constant width, the ends of which are adapted by narrower parts 7 and 8 of lengths substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelengths ( ⁇ gb / 4 for 7 and ⁇ ga / 4 for 8).
  • FIG. 2 shows the straight sections at the ends 7 and 8 of the slot to specify the angles at the center ⁇ a and ⁇ b between the polarization planes (coincident with the axes a and b ) and the rays passing through the axis of the slot.
  • the dotted lines in Figure 2 correspond to the traces of the dihedral in the planes of straight sections and show the angle ⁇ .
  • This angle ⁇ defines the inclination or "bias" with respect to the generatrices (and to the axis) and is partly responsible for the multiple polarizations of the waves emitted, all the more so as the emitters are in orthogonal positions one to one. 'other.
  • the angles ⁇ , ⁇ a and ⁇ b are a function for identical generators, the dimensions (length and width) of the slit (s), the ellipticity of the guide, of ⁇ B and ⁇ B and of the medium outside, ⁇ a and ⁇ b are generally between 0 ° and 25 ° and ⁇ is between 90 ° and 40 °.
  • Figure 3 shows an antenna powered by a single generator (real) whose part A is similar to that of part A of figure 1 and whose part B differs only by the width of the slot (the values of ⁇ a , ⁇ b , ⁇ , and the length remaining the same), on the other hand part C does not contain a real generator but a virtual or fictitious generator polarized along the axis a of the ellipse makes an anisotropic short-circuit or active.
  • the anisotropic (or active) short-circuit used is composed of a quarter-wave birefringent element 10, the neutral lines of which are directed along the bisectors of the axes of the ellipse, attached to a metal plate.
  • this quarter wave birefringent element can be produced in many ways, in this example it consists of a "Teflon" blade 10 11 mm thick placed at 45 ° from the axes of the ellipse and attached to the metal plate closing off part C.
  • This "Teflon" plate 10 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3 is shown in detail in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment and represents an antenna of sealed and rotating circular section, supplied by four generators and having four wave diffusing slots in part B.
  • the parts A and C each contain two generators in orthogonal positions 5, 5 'and 4, 4' whose distances from the transmitters to the short-circuits, (2 n + 1) ⁇ g / 4, are two by two different for reasons of congestion.
  • Between the flanges 2, 2 'and 3, 3' have been inserted two rotary joints 9 which do not disturb the propagation of the TE11 mode and which make it possible to rotate B leaving the parts A and C fixed.
  • the circular guide of B is placed in a 2 mm thick "Teflon" tube which thus makes the antenna watertight and prevents the entry of powdery solids, vapors or liquids into the antenna.
  • the slits in part B were 950 mm long, 9 mm wide and their ends were fitted with pointed parts 7 and 8 (not starting in the same plane of cross section to reduce reflections).
  • the antenna is in this case omnipolarizing.
  • FIG. 6 shows a distribution of the different slots and differs from FIG. 5 only in part B which contains 8 concurrent slots of 950 mm in length and 5 mm in width with ⁇ angles of 80 °. These slots are concurrent in pairs and are adapted differently 7, 7 'and 8, 8' which reduces reflections.
  • Part A connected to B by flanges 2, 2 'fixed on a rotating joint 9 contains air and four generators emit there in 5, 5 and 5', 5 'so that they are two by two in orthogonal positions , the magnetrons which are in the same plane being supplied by two different phases of the sector to avoid interactions as much as possible.
  • the diameter of part B is 85 mm
  • the generators transmit at the frequency of 2450 MHz
  • the distances d and d ' are respectively 57 mm and 171 mm.
  • the dielectric used in parts B and C is "Teflon", the diameter of B and C is 60 mm.
  • Part C contains a birefringent ceramic element of the same shape as that of FIG. 4 intended to change the polarizations during reflections of the different waves and therefore avoid interactions and improve the pluripolarization of the radiation.
  • This part C could be connected to B by a rotating joint and would then remain fixed during the rotation of B but, in our example, FIG. 7, for reasons of simplicity, the antenna having to be immersed in a fluid, the flanges of B and C, 3 and 3 ', were connected directly and therefore C rotated with B.
  • FIG. 8 shows the section along the axis of the cylinder of the adaptation carried out, in the example of FIG. 7, between A and B.
  • This adaptation uses the properties of quarter-wave plates but it could be carried out well in other ways.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP94400902A 1993-05-05 1994-04-27 Antenne mit zirkularem oder elliptischem Profil, feststehend oder rotierend, für einen oder mehrere multipolarisierte Wellen abgebende Mikrowellengeneratoren Withdrawn EP0623970A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9305341 1993-05-05
FR9305341A FR2704985B1 (fr) 1993-05-05 1993-05-05 Antenne de section circulaire ou elliptique multipolarisante, fixe ou tournante, pour un ou plusieurs generateurs micro-ondes.

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EP0623970A1 true EP0623970A1 (de) 1994-11-09

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EP94400902A Withdrawn EP0623970A1 (de) 1993-05-05 1994-04-27 Antenne mit zirkularem oder elliptischem Profil, feststehend oder rotierend, für einen oder mehrere multipolarisierte Wellen abgebende Mikrowellengeneratoren

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EP (1) EP0623970A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2704985B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018085220A1 (en) * 2016-11-01 2018-05-11 Ferrite Microwave Technologies LLC Resonant antenna for generating circularly-polarized signal with multiple modes
CN111501011A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2020-08-07 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 一种微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2812514A (en) * 1953-04-14 1957-11-05 Carl E Smith Spiral slot antenna
EP0027471A1 (de) * 1979-03-31 1981-04-29 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd Hochfrequenz-heizvorrichtung
FR2683393A1 (fr) * 1991-11-04 1993-05-07 Marzat Claude Antenne pour generateur micro-ondes.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2812514A (en) * 1953-04-14 1957-11-05 Carl E Smith Spiral slot antenna
EP0027471A1 (de) * 1979-03-31 1981-04-29 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd Hochfrequenz-heizvorrichtung
FR2683393A1 (fr) * 1991-11-04 1993-05-07 Marzat Claude Antenne pour generateur micro-ondes.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018085220A1 (en) * 2016-11-01 2018-05-11 Ferrite Microwave Technologies LLC Resonant antenna for generating circularly-polarized signal with multiple modes
US10680335B2 (en) 2016-11-01 2020-06-09 Ferrite Microwave Technologies LLC Resonant antenna for generating circularly-polarized signal with multiple modes
CN111501011A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2020-08-07 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 一种微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备及其制备方法
CN111501011B (zh) * 2020-04-09 2023-12-12 航天科工(长沙)新材料研究院有限公司 一种微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备及其制备方法

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FR2704985A1 (fr) 1994-11-10
FR2704985B1 (fr) 1995-06-09

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