EP0467818B1 - Übergangsstück zwischen elektromagnetischen Hohlleitern, insbesondere zwischen einem Rundhohlleiter und einem Koaxialhohlleiter - Google Patents

Übergangsstück zwischen elektromagnetischen Hohlleitern, insbesondere zwischen einem Rundhohlleiter und einem Koaxialhohlleiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0467818B1
EP0467818B1 EP91460038A EP91460038A EP0467818B1 EP 0467818 B1 EP0467818 B1 EP 0467818B1 EP 91460038 A EP91460038 A EP 91460038A EP 91460038 A EP91460038 A EP 91460038A EP 0467818 B1 EP0467818 B1 EP 0467818B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transition
guide
circular
coaxial
transition element
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91460038A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0467818A1 (de
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Christian Sabatier
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of transition elements between electromagnetic waveguides.
  • the waveguides are the elements ensuring the guided transmission of an electromagnetic signal for example between a source and a radiating element.
  • the most common microwave signal transmission components are the rectangular guide, the circular guide, and the coaxial guide.
  • Transition elements are elements that are simply inserted between two guides of different types to change the transmission technology. Thus, there are transition elements making it possible to go from a technology from rectangular guide to coaxial guide, from rectangular guide to circular guide, from circular guide to coaxial guide, and vice versa.
  • document US 2,981,904 describes a collinear transition between a rectangular waveguide and a coaxial waveguide.
  • the objective of this transition is to provide a broadband transition performing the transformation from TE10 mode (in the rectangular guide) to TEM mode (in the coaxial guide).
  • All the means used edges and inclined block in particular have a continuously variable section.
  • the most frequently used transitions are those allowing to pass from a rectangular or circular guide technology to a coaxial guide.
  • Circular guides are preferably used in certain frequency bands, because they have notable advantages: they are easier to produce than rectangular wave guides and their circular configuration allows them to be used as rotary joints ( in particular in the field of rotating antennas used for aerial and maritime surveillance) mechanically dissociating a fixed assembly from a mobile assembly, without creating discontinuity in the guided propagation.
  • the present invention specifically relates to the transitions between circular electromagnetic waveguides and the electromagnetic waveguides coaxial.
  • FIG. 2 represents a longitudinal section of a transition between a circular guide and a coaxial guide.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagates in a direction 24 in a circular guide 21 to which is connected a transition 22 of radius A comprising in its center a conical conductor 20.
  • the conical conductor 20 constitutes one end of a circular conductor 23 of radius B forming a conductor center of a coaxial guide 25.
  • the transition 22 constitutes one end of a coaxial waveguide 25.
  • the coaxial guide 25 consists of two conductors 23, 26 of external A and internal radii B and a dielectric 27 allowing placing the internal conductor 23 coaxially inside the external guide 26.
  • the dielectric can either completely fill the section between the internal conductor 23 and the external guide 26 over the entire length of extension of the coaxial guide, or consist of thin dielectric discs spaced apart and arranged regularly along the coaxial guide. The dielectric chosen must of course not disturb the transmission of waves carried out.
  • the progressive transition 22 is characterized by an angle ⁇ .
  • the value of the angle ⁇ is between 7 and 10 degrees, depending on the bandwidth and the standing wave ratio (R.O.S.) desired.
  • the relationships between the R.O.S., the bandwidth and the angle ⁇ are such that the angle ⁇ must be small if a high bandwidth or an R.O.S. low (low mismatch, high transferred power).
  • a significant transition length constitutes a non-negligible drawback, in particular in the case where it is not possible to accept a compromise on the transmission characteristics. So to maintain a cutoff frequency and bandwidth suitable, it is not always possible to reduce the radius B of the central conductor 23 to reduce the length of the transition 22.
  • transition 22 the longer the transition 22, the greater its weight. This constitutes a major drawback, in particular in the case where such a transition 22 must be part of a device mounted on a satellite.
  • the present invention aims in particular to overcome these drawbacks.
  • a first objective of the present invention is to implement a transition element between a circular electromagnetic waveguide and a coaxial electromagnetic waveguide of reduced length and mass compared to existing transitions, for a bandwidth and an equivalent adaptation.
  • a second objective of the present invention is to provide such a transition element ensuring conservation of the desired propagation mode or modes, and avoiding the excitation of unwanted modes.
  • the invention aims not to excite, in the coaxial waveguide, the TEM mode.
  • Another objective of the invention is also to present a circular guide / coaxial guide transition element whose position of the central conductor is less critical than in the case of a conical central conductor end.
  • a transition element for electromagnetic waveguides of the type intended to ensure the transition between a circular waveguide and a coaxial waveguide comprising a central conductor, said transition element comprising a circular external guide cooperating with an internal conductor forming an end portion of the central conductor of said coaxial waveguide, said circular external guide being connected axially on the one hand to said waveguide circular and on the other hand to said coaxial waveguide, and said inner conductor having at least a section portion substantially constant and reduced compared to the section of the central conductor of the coaxial guide.
  • said inner conductor has essentially steep shoulders at the two ends of each of said portions.
  • the problems of centering the inner conductor are much less crucial.
  • Said inner conductor can also have a conical or frustoconical leading edge.
  • said inner conductor is formed of a first end portion of circular section having an abrupt leading edge, of a second portion of circular section, of radius greater than the radius of said first end portion, said second portion having a first abrupt shoulder connecting to said first end portion and a second abrupt shoulder connecting to said central conductor of said coaxial waveguide.
  • said circular outer guide has a narrowing section of its inner diameter at said one or more portions of said inner conductor.
  • said narrowing section has a constant reduced diameter over a length substantially centered on the leading edge of the end of said inner conductor.
  • said inner conductor has two consecutive portions, and said narrowing section of said outer guide extends approximately to the middle portion of the second portion of larger radius.
  • said narrowing section has essentially abrupt shoulders at its two ends.
  • a particular application of the transition according to the invention resides in dual-band duplexers.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a transition of the existing type.
  • the known transitions are of the progressive type and characterized by the value of the angle ⁇ .
  • the cut-off frequency of the coaxial guide 25 increases when the rays A or B decrease and the ratio of the rays A / B decreases.
  • the reduction in the angle ⁇ results in a longer transition length 22 if one wishes to keep a reasonably low cut-off frequency and therefore a large passband.
  • FIG. 3 represents a longitudinal section of a transition 30 circular guide 21 / coaxial guide 25 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the constriction section 32 is delimited by two shoulders 40 and 41, advantageously essentially abrupt, and is located at the level of the intermediate bearings 34, 35.
  • the leading edge 36 of the inner conductor 33 is advantageously abrupt and perpendicular to the direction of propagation 24 of the microwave wave.
  • the position of the central conductor 33 is not as critical as in the case where the leading edge 36 is conical or frustoconical. Indeed, in the case where the leading edge 36 of the central conductor 33 is conical or frustoconical, it is absolutely necessary to place the leading edge in the center of the waveguide 21 under penalty of exciting propagation modes unwanted, for example the TEM mode of the waveguide which can propagate whatever the frequency of the propagated signal.
  • an inner conductor 33 having a different number of bearings 34.35 is entirely conceivable, as is a different number of bearings on the outer guide at the level of the transition 30.
  • the number of bearings is as a function of the desired bandwidth and of the geometry of the circular 21 and coaxial waveguide 25.
  • the addition of additional transitions results in a longer length of the transition 30, without necessarily improving the ROS, the relationship linking the frequency and the speed of propagation of the wave in the guide not being linear for the TE11 mode because of the dispersion.
  • the leading edge 36 is preferably located approximately in the middle of the narrowing section, but another position of the leading edge 36 with respect to this section is possible, depending on the transmission characteristics to be obtained.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention consists in that the narrowing portion 32 of the outer guide 31 extends approximately to the middle portion of the second bearing 35 of radius R3.
  • the transition 30 can either constitute one end of the coaxial guide 25, which in this case can be secured (using fixing means not shown) with the circular guide 21, or be integrated into a monobloc assembly consisting of the circular guide 21, of the transition 30 and of the coaxial guide 25.
  • the modes TE 1X and TM 1X can be excited by a discontinuity for an excitation in mode TE11 in the direction 24.
  • the dominant mode is thus the mode TE11 and the first higher mode is the TM11 mode in the two waveguides.
  • a coaxial guide of radii 14 and 40 mm for the central conductor and the external guide respectively has a cut-off frequency of 1.815 GHz for TE11 mode and 5.989 GHz for TM11 mode.
  • the propagation of the dominant mode TE11 is theoretically possible for frequencies ranging from 2.198 GHz to 4.574 GHz.
  • the lower cut-off frequency is a little higher, on the order of 2.25 GHz.
  • the bandwidth is therefore in practice from 2.25 to 4.5 GHz if the transition element is not taken into account.
  • the bandwidth is given by: (F a -F b ) / F b , with F at the high frequency of F b the low frequency.
  • transition 30 has the same bandwidth and R.O.S. that a transition 22 as shown in Figure 2, with geometries of the inlet guides (circular guide 21) and outlet (coaxial guide 25) equal.
  • the main advantage of the present invention is that the length of the transition 30 having the characteristics set out above is no more than 54.55 mm (L1 + L4), a gain of 45.45% in size. By analogy with classic transitions, this length corresponds to an angle ⁇ of 14.45 degrees. In this case, the bandwidth is only 25% for an R.O.S. less than 1.12, which shows the advantage of using a "compact" transition 30 according to the invention.
  • the R.O.S. remains the same regardless of the direction of propagation of the microwave wave (from the circular guide to the coaxial guide or from the coaxial guide to the circular guide).
  • transition 30 being shorter, its mass is less than that of the known transitions. This notably favors the use of such a "compact" transition 30 in a device operating on a satellite.
  • bearings can be added and the dimensions of the various discontinuities (bearings of the inner conductor, notch of the outer guide, etc.) can be modified, depending on the result to be obtained (strip busy, ROS).
  • Figure 4 shows the evolution of R.O.S. for the TE11 transmission mode, for a transition according to the invention and an abrupt transition.
  • the transmission frequency on the abscissa varies from 3 to 4.5 GHz (50% of the bandwidth in TE11 mode).
  • Characteristic 50 represents the variation of R.O.S. in the case of a "compact" stepwise transition according to the invention between a circular guide and a coaxial guide. The dimensions of the previous lengths and radii are respected. We note that for a bandwidth of 50%, the R.O.S. remains below 1.12, whatever the transmission frequency, and notably passes through a minimum around 3.3 GHz.
  • Characteristic 51 is that of an abrupt transition between the same guides as before: the external radius of the coaxial waveguide is 40 mm and the radius of the circular guide also.
  • the radius of the internal conductor of the coaxial guide is 14 mm and this conductor has a truncated end.
  • Feature 51 has an R.O.S. constantly higher than 1.9, a minimum around 3.4 GHz and the R.O.S. increases considerably when the frequency passes beyond 4 GHz.
  • a particular application of the transitions between circular guides and coaxial guides lies in particular in the production of dual-band duplexers and bi-polarizations.
  • the invention can in particular be applied to a dual band duplexer as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, using a transition between a circular guide and a coaxial guide.
  • such a device comprises a circular guide 10 integral with a transition 11 followed by a set 12 of two duplexers then of a coaxial guide 13.
  • the coaxial guide 13 comprises in its center a conductive element 14 which extends all along the coaxial guide and its end 15 is located in the transition zone 11.
  • the coupling of the duplexer part with waveguides is produced by symmetrical slots.
  • the polarization horizontal or vertical, is not identical in the two frequency bands.
  • the excitation of the high band is done via a circular waveguide excited in TE11 mode.
  • the two polarizations can exist, depending on the excitation of the TE11 mode in the circular waveguide.
  • the excitation is carried out by coupling using a slot between a rectangular guide and the coaxial guide. It is necessary to use two symmetrical slots to excite the TE11 mode of the coaxial guide.
  • the excitation of the TEM mode which propagates regardless of the geometry of the guide and the working frequency cannot be carried out in this way.
  • the separation of the rectangular input waveguide (not shown) into two identical rectangular guides for excitation of the symmetrical slots is carried out using a tee.
  • duplexer compared to a duplexer whose output is in a circular guide is that the bandwidth is greater in the case of the coaxial guide.
  • the appearance of the higher modes occurs at higher frequencies in coaxial guide than in circular guide, provided that the radii of the two conductors of the coaxial guide (inside and outside) are properly chosen. In this case, the frequency spacing between the two bands can then be greater.
  • the step transition makes it possible to obtain a low ROS, and the dual-band duplexer used therefore does not, in principle, require adaptation.
  • a "compact" transition of the type of the invention finds application in many fields, in particular in that of duplexers, and generally whenever it is necessary to change from a circular waveguide transmission to a guide transmission coaxial, and vice versa.

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Claims (9)

  1. Übergangselement für elektromagnetische Wellenleiter von der Art, die den Übergang zwischen einem kreisförmigen Wellenleiter (21) und einem koaxialen Wellenleiter (25) sicherstellen, die einen Mittelleiter (23) umfassen, wobei das Übergangselement über einen äußeren kreisförmigen Leiter (31) verfügt, der mit einem inneren Leiter (33) zusammenwirkt, welcher einen Endabschnitt des Mittelleiters (23) des koaxialen Wellenleiters (25) bildet, wobei der äußere kreisförmige Leiter einerseits mit dem kreisförmigen Wellenleiter (21) und andererseits mit dem koaxialen Wellenleiter (25) jeweils koaxial verbunden ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Leiter (33) mindestens einen Abschnitt (34, 35) mit annähernd konstantem Querschnitt aufweist, der kleiner ist als der Querschnitt des Mittelleiters des koaxialen Leiters (25).
  2. Übergangselement gemäß Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Leiter (33) an beiden Enden der Abschnitte (34, 35) steile Abstufungen (38, 39) aufweist.
  3. Übergangselement gemäß Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Leiter (33) eine kegelförmige oder kegelstumpfartige Frontfläche (42) aufweist.
  4. Übergangselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Leiter (33) aus einem ersten Endabschnitt (34) mit Kreisquerschnitt gebildet wird, der eine abrupte Frontfläche (36) aufweist, aus einem zweiten Abschnitt (35) mit Kreisquerschnitt und Radius (R₃), der größer ist als der Radius (R₂) des ersten Endabschnitts (34), wobei der zweite Abschnitt (35) eine erste abrupte Abstufung (38) für die Verbindung mit dem ersten Abschnitt (34) und eine zweite abrupte Abstufung (39) für die Verbindung mit dem Mittelleiter (23) des koaxialen Wellenleiters (25) aufweist.
  5. Übergangselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußere kreisförmige Leiter (31) eine Verengungsabschnitt (32) des inneren Durchmessers auf der Höhe des oder der Abschnitte (34, 35) des inneren Leiters (33) aufweist.
  6. Übergangselement gemäß Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verengungsabschnitt (32) einen verkleinerten Durchmesser (R₁) aufweist, der über eine Länge (L₁) konstant ist, die in etwa mittig zur Frontfläche (36) des Endes des inneren Leiters (33) liegt.
  7. Übergangselement gemäß Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Leiter (33) zwei aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte (34, 35) aufweist und, daß der Verengungsabschnitt (32) des äußeren Leiters (31) sich in etwa bis zur Mitte des zweiten Teilabschnittes (35) mit dem größeren Radius (R₃) erstreckt.
  8. Übergangselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verengungsabschnitt (32) an beiden Enden abrupte Abstufungen (39, 40) aufweist.
  9. Zweiband-Duplexer,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er über ein Übergangselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 verfügt.
EP91460038A 1990-07-20 1991-07-19 Übergangsstück zwischen elektromagnetischen Hohlleitern, insbesondere zwischen einem Rundhohlleiter und einem Koaxialhohlleiter Expired - Lifetime EP0467818B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9009550A FR2665025B1 (fr) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Element de transition entre guides d'ondes electromagnetiques, notamment entre un guide d'ondes circulaire et un guide d'ondes coaxial.
FR9009550 1990-07-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0467818A1 EP0467818A1 (de) 1992-01-22
EP0467818B1 true EP0467818B1 (de) 1995-09-13

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EP91460038A Expired - Lifetime EP0467818B1 (de) 1990-07-20 1991-07-19 Übergangsstück zwischen elektromagnetischen Hohlleitern, insbesondere zwischen einem Rundhohlleiter und einem Koaxialhohlleiter

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US (1) US5227744A (de)
EP (1) EP0467818B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0690103A (de)
DE (1) DE69112943T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2665025B1 (de)

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US5359339A (en) * 1993-07-16 1994-10-25 Martin Marietta Corporation Broadband short-horn antenna
US6518853B1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2003-02-11 The Boeing Company Wideband compact large step circular waveguide transition apparatus
US20050151695A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-07-14 Ming Chen Waveguide apparatus and method
US9048521B2 (en) 2011-03-24 2015-06-02 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Broadband waveguide
US9182306B2 (en) 2011-06-22 2015-11-10 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Environmental sensor with tensioned wire exhibiting varying transmission characteristics in response to environmental conditions
US9568675B2 (en) * 2013-07-03 2017-02-14 City University Of Hong Kong Waveguide coupler
US9466888B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2016-10-11 Honeywell International Inc. Suppressing modes in an antenna feed including a coaxial waveguide
WO2015099884A2 (en) 2013-11-01 2015-07-02 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Composite active waveguide temperature sensor for harsh environments
WO2015066494A2 (en) 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Broadband waveguide
WO2015157488A1 (en) 2014-04-09 2015-10-15 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Active waveguide excitation and compensation
CN103956551B (zh) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-11 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 高功率微波圆波导阶梯混合模式转换器
WO2019018021A2 (en) 2017-04-10 2019-01-24 Etegent Technologies Ltd. MECHANICAL ACTIVE WAVEGUIDE SENSOR DISTRIBUTED EXCITED AT MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES AND COMPRISING FREQUENCY REFLECTING REFLECTORS

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US2207845A (en) * 1938-05-28 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Propagation of waves in a wave guide
US2981904A (en) * 1959-01-06 1961-04-25 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave transition device
DE1122116B (de) * 1960-07-07 1962-01-18 Rohde & Schwarz Verbindungsstueck zwischen Koaxialleitungen
US3594663A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-07-20 Maremont Corp Dual-polarized dual-frequency coupler
US4092991A (en) * 1975-10-16 1978-06-06 Metalwash Machinery Corporation Cleaning machine
SU1113863A1 (ru) * 1983-07-21 1984-09-15 Рязанский Радиотехнический Институт Коаксиально-волноводный переход
US4902991A (en) * 1987-03-12 1990-02-20 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Radio frequency signal combining/sorting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0467818A1 (de) 1992-01-22
FR2665025B1 (fr) 1992-12-18
DE69112943T2 (de) 1996-05-23
DE69112943D1 (de) 1995-10-19
US5227744A (en) 1993-07-13
JPH0690103A (ja) 1994-03-29
FR2665025A1 (fr) 1992-01-24

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