EP0769824B1 - Elektomagnetische Linse in Form einer auf einem getragenen Substrat gedruckten Schaltung - Google Patents

Elektomagnetische Linse in Form einer auf einem getragenen Substrat gedruckten Schaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0769824B1
EP0769824B1 EP96402170A EP96402170A EP0769824B1 EP 0769824 B1 EP0769824 B1 EP 0769824B1 EP 96402170 A EP96402170 A EP 96402170A EP 96402170 A EP96402170 A EP 96402170A EP 0769824 B1 EP0769824 B1 EP 0769824B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
lens
propagation
discs
printed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96402170A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0769824A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Pons
Christian Renard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Systemes Aeroportes SA
Original Assignee
Dassault Electronique SA
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Publication of EP0769824A1 publication Critical patent/EP0769824A1/de
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Publication of EP0769824B1 publication Critical patent/EP0769824B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electromagnetic lenses.
  • the present invention provides an interesting solution to this problem.
  • the device comprises, substantially centered in the cavity, a substrate comprising a printed conductive pad of predetermined dimensions, the two conductive walls and said block making thus a tri-plate structure with suspended substrate, secondly, on either side of this suspended substrate are placed dielectric wafers conformed by their content and their geometry to obtain a law of variation of index suitable for obtaining propagation laws, and third, the geometry of the conductive pad is chosen to so as to comply with said propagation laws.
  • the transitions of coupling are formed by cones printed on the suspended substrate, from its conductive pad, and leading to respective transmission lines.
  • the device includes resistors decoupling between the printed cones constituting the entries exits.
  • the device thus obtained approaches in an almost optimal manner the theoretical characteristics that make the interest electromagnetic lenses, i.e. the wide band of operation performed, and the beam opening constant.
  • electromagnetic lenses have the function of focusing a plane wave incident, of given direction, at a specific point in the direction considered, called home.
  • the process generally chosen consists in creating an environment in which the variation of the index from the value 1 (external surface 29) towards the value 2 (center) is made in stages, starting from a sphere 20 of index 2 in the center, and shells concentric 21, each of constant index ( Figure 2).
  • Another method is to vary the wavelength guided by a wave which propagates between two metal plates, which results in a variation of the index equivalent of the guide.
  • this is achieved by varying the distance d between two plates, where an electromagnetic wave propagates in mode YOU.
  • the present invention proposes an embodiment more satisfactory.
  • triplate type in English "stripline"
  • stripline in English "stripline”
  • FIG. 4A A conventional version, where dielectric plates are provided between the central strip 40 and the end plates 41 and 42, is illustrated in FIG. 4A.
  • a suspended substrate propagation line (“suspended stripline "), as shown in Figure 4B, is a special type of triplate line where the metallic tape constituting the central conductor 40 is produced by printing on a thin dielectric film 45, according to a technique of the printed circuit type. It has been observed that this type of structure combines qualities of reduced losses and resistance in high power.
  • an electromagnetic lens (in the example chosen for this detailed description a Luneberg lens) is made from a medium of propagation of triplate type with suspended substrate, between two metal plates which are here flat, by varying the wave propagation speed from the variation of the relative permittivity of the dielectric between the two metal plates.
  • the variation in permittivity is carried out here starting from the variation of the relative dosage of two dielectric materials of different permittivity, following Luneberg's law.
  • the propagation of electromagnetic waves goes into principle to be carried out in TEM mode (which authorizes an operation broadband)
  • the proposed device retains particularly interesting broadband properties.
  • the Luneberg lens proposed includes in its central part a metal disc 50 printed, placed in the center of a symmetry cavity cylindrical, on a substrate of reduced thickness 55.
  • Two flat metal plates 51 and 52 do the rest of the triplate structure, on one side and the other of the disc metallic 50, preferably forming a housing.
  • the law of thickness of the wafers is calculated so that the relative permittivity of the propagation medium follows the law from Luneberg.
  • the two dielectric wafers are identical and of permittivity ⁇ 2.
  • ⁇ 1 is equal to 1.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates the wafer 56 (or 57) of FIG. 5A, in top view.
  • FIG. 6 A more complete embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the dielectric film 55 We find in the center the dielectric film 55, looking circular, coaxially supporting a conductive disc central 50. On either side of this disc are stuck the dielectric wafers 56 and 57.
  • the housing is closed by the two half-housings 51 and 52. We see on the housing 52 that it is internally hollow, and has a wall lateral 520 bearing on the vicinity of the film 55, just like the homologous wall 510 of the disc 51.
  • the input-output transitions of the lens are performed by horns such as 501, starting with a size decreasing from the central disc 50, to lead to a line transmission 502, the impedance of which is for example 50 ohms.
  • resistors can be added between the different accesses such as 502 and 508, providing for resistors printed on the substrate 55.
  • Such a resistance is illustrated in FIG. 6, and referenced 509. This increases the decoupling between these transitions access, which then becomes much better than we can get with existing techniques.
  • these resistors are suitably positioned and have sufficiently high values (of the order of 200 ohms), increase the operating frequency band of the lens, through an improvement in the rate standing wave (or more generally adaptation) of each feed horn, as well as removing distortions caused by unwanted couplings between adjacent horns, on the level of transmission between channels entry and exit.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to obtain a Luneberg planar, broadband, made from a printed technique of substrate type suspended between two parallel metal plates, where the variation of the index of the medium in which the electromagnetic wave propagates is obtained by the installation of dielectric wafers of varying thicknesses.
  • This aspect is further improved, in the variant consisting to add decoupling resistors between transitions input-output of the lens.
  • the present invention provides a technique whose implementation is remarkably simple, since it uses basic materials of electrical permittivity constant, capable of manufacturing by molding or injection, especially with regard to the pancakes, not everything ensuring the continuous variation of the index.
  • the lens is based on a PCB type technology makes connection easier towards user circuits which will also be printed technology, or to coaxial connectors conventionally used for microwave circuit boxes.
  • Printed technology also allows the use of mixed techniques vis-à-vis the fields which are on the one hand that of microwave printed circuits (resistance of decoupling) and secondly that of the antennas (horn evolutionary print feeding the lens).
  • the plates 51 and 52 can be metallized, rather than metallic.
  • the invention is not limited to structures of spherical or cylindrical symmetry. It extends to parts of such structures, as well as combinations of these structures or their parts. More generally still, it extends to any relatively lens structure thin, using a variation of index.
  • the invention is capable of even more applications wide.
  • This lens comprises substantially centered in a cavity (not shown) a reduced thickness substrate 55 on which is printed a metallic disc 50 of the type of that described for the Luneberg lens, and of radius R.
  • horns such as 501 are connected, via connection cables 532 adapted and of identical lengths, to radiating elements 531 placed on the periphery of a wall 530 with cylindrical symmetry, of radius 2R.
  • the invention also makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in lens size by compared to conventional solutions, as well as a reduction of their cost.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Eine elektromagnetische Linse bildende Vorrichtung von der Art, die zwei leitfähige Wände (51, 52) aufweist, zwischen denen ein Hohlraum ausgebildet ist, der im seitlichen Abschnitt mit elektromagnetischen Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Kopplungsübergängen (501) versehen ist, um einen Satz Übertragungsfunktionen zwischen solchen Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Paaren zuzulassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen im wesentlich in dem Hohlraum zentrierten Träger (55) enthält, der eine gedruckte Leiterbahn (50) vorbestimmter Abmessungen trägt, so daß die zwei leitfähigen Wände und die Leiterbahn eine dreilagige Struktur mit aufgehängtem Träger bilden, daß zu beiden Seiten des aufgehängten Trägers (55) dielektrische Scheiben (56, 57) angeordnet sind, die durch ihren Inhalt und ihre Geometrie so gestaltet sind, daß sich ein Änderungsverlauf des Brechungsindex ergibt, der geeignet ist, Übertragungsfunktionen zu erhalten, und daß die Geometrie der Leiterbahn derart gewählt ist, daß die genannten Übertragungsfunktionen berücksichtigt werden.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet; daß der Träger (55) in Form eines dünnen Films ausgebildet ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Übergänge (501) durch auf den aufgehängten Träger (55) gedruckte Hörner gebildet sind, die vom Umfang seiner Leiterbahn (50) ausgehen und in entsprechenden Übertragungsleitungen (502) enden.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Entkopplungswiderstände (509) zwischen den gedruckten Hörnem (501) aufweist, die die Eingänge/Ausgänge bilden.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eigenschaften des Hohlraums für eine elektromagnetische Ausbreitung im TEM-Mode vorgesehen sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Scheiben (56, 57) auf die beiden Seiten des Trägers (55) geklebt sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Scheiben (56, 57) aus einem Material bestehen, das eine Dielektrizitätskonstante von 2 oder mehr aufweist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Scheiben (56, 57) identisch und symmetrisch in Bezug auf die Ebene des aufgehängten Trägers (55) montiert sind.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser der Scheiben (56, 57) im wesentlichen gleich dem der Leiterbahn (55) des aufgehängten Trägers (55) ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Änderungsverlauf des Brechungsindex jener ist, der einer Linse vom Typ Luneberg entspricht.
EP96402170A 1995-10-17 1996-10-11 Elektomagnetische Linse in Form einer auf einem getragenen Substrat gedruckten Schaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0769824B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9512163 1995-10-17
FR9512163A FR2739974B1 (fr) 1995-10-17 1995-10-17 Lentille electromagnetique de type circuit imprime a substrat suspendu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0769824A1 EP0769824A1 (de) 1997-04-23
EP0769824B1 true EP0769824B1 (de) 2002-01-23

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EP96402170A Expired - Lifetime EP0769824B1 (de) 1995-10-17 1996-10-11 Elektomagnetische Linse in Form einer auf einem getragenen Substrat gedruckten Schaltung

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Country Link
US (1) US5966103A (de)
EP (1) EP0769824B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69618741T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2739974B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2586023C2 (ru) 2011-05-23 2016-06-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Радио Гигабит" Антенное устройство с электронным сканированием луча
RU2585309C2 (ru) 2011-10-20 2016-05-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Радио Гигабит" Система и способ радиорелейной связи с электронной подстройкой луча
RU2494506C1 (ru) * 2012-07-10 2013-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Радио Гигабит" Линзовая антенна с электронным сканированием луча
RU2530330C1 (ru) 2013-03-22 2014-10-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Радио Гигабит" Станция радиорелейной связи со сканирующей антенной
CN104638377B (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-07-11 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种开孔结构形式龙伯透镜的加工方法
US10673137B1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2020-06-02 The Government Of The United States As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Multibeam antenna that spans the 360 degrees space in azimuth
US10826196B1 (en) * 2019-04-11 2020-11-03 The Boeing Company Dielectric lens antenna
JP7519697B2 (ja) 2019-08-20 2024-07-22 国立大学法人 東京大学 レンズアンテナ、これを用いたレーダ装置、及び無線通信装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392394A (en) * 1964-04-15 1968-07-09 Melpar Inc Steerable luneberg antenna array
US3958246A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-05-18 Calspan Corporation Circular retrodirective array
US4490723A (en) * 1983-01-03 1984-12-25 Raytheon Company Parallel plate lens antenna
US4641144A (en) * 1984-12-31 1987-02-03 Raytheon Company Broad beamwidth lens feed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69618741D1 (de) 2002-03-14
FR2739974B1 (fr) 1998-01-09
DE69618741T2 (de) 2002-09-26
FR2739974A1 (fr) 1997-04-18
US5966103A (en) 1999-10-12
EP0769824A1 (de) 1997-04-23

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