EP0088681B1 - Doppelreflektorantenne mit eingebautem Polarisationswandler - Google Patents

Doppelreflektorantenne mit eingebautem Polarisationswandler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088681B1
EP0088681B1 EP19830400424 EP83400424A EP0088681B1 EP 0088681 B1 EP0088681 B1 EP 0088681B1 EP 19830400424 EP19830400424 EP 19830400424 EP 83400424 A EP83400424 A EP 83400424A EP 0088681 B1 EP0088681 B1 EP 0088681B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
diodes
reflector
diode
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830400424
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0088681A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Dupressoir
François Salvat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0088681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088681A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas for transmitting or receiving microwave waves and more particularly antennas with double reflector of the Cassegrain or Gregori type comprising a concave main reflector of generally parabolic shape, a convex auxiliary reflector, of generally hyperbolic shape and a source microwave, these three elements being thus arranged with respect to each other that the convex auxiliary reflector returns to the main reflector the radiation emitted by the source.
  • a radio wave has an elliptical polarization which, ultimately, can be linear or circular.
  • a detection system radar
  • the targets sought have a low equivalent surface in circular polarization it may be useful to switch to linear polarization.
  • a solution usually used consisted in providing a polarizer in front of the source opening, this polarizer being with blades or wires and being able to be retracted mechanically to modify the polarization; but the retraction is difficult for mechanical reasons and especially for reasons of space requirement of the retraction system because this system must be located in front of the reflectors and then constitutes a mask detrimental to the proper functioning of the antenna.
  • a double reflection antenna intended to transmit or receive circularly polarized radiation.
  • This antenna comprises a main reflector, a horn, a secondary reflector which reflects the circularly polarized radiation in one direction and which emits circularly polarized radiation in the other direction.
  • the secondary reflector therefore comprises two quarter-wave plates spaced apart by a dielectric containing an array of conductors. Such a secondary reflector does not make it possible to modify the polarization of the transmitted wave, that is to say to effect a polarization switching.
  • curved panels of diode wires immediately in front of the auxiliary reflector allowing electrical polarization switching. More precisely, curved dielectric panels having a shape substantially identical to that of the auxiliary reflector and a surface substantially equal to that of the latter are placed in front of the auxiliary reflector, these panels serving to support wire-diodes matching the hyperbolic shape of the panels. ; a controlled supply circuit is placed behind the auxiliary reflector and is connected to the diode wires to ensure either a direct polarization of the diodes or an absence of polarization or a reverse polarization such that the diodes are blocked.
  • the switchable polarizer according to the invention works on reflection and not on transmission: it is crossed once by an incident wave from the source, which is thus subjected to polarization partial, and another time after reflection of this partially polarized wave on the reflector auxiliary.
  • Such a panel is essentially constituted by a dielectric plate in the thickness of which is embedded a network of conductive wires parallel to each other and separated by a distance of the order of a fraction of wavelength.
  • Each wire is actually made up of a succession of sections of son separated by diodes all oriented in the same direction and the sections have a length of the order of a fraction of wavelength.
  • the sections of wires are isolated from each other.
  • the impedance presented by the network is then capacitive and causes a phase delay of the electric field component parallel to the wires.
  • the wires behave like continuous conductors and not like isolated sections.
  • the impedance presented by the network is inductive and causes a phase advance of the electric field component parallel to the wires.
  • the polarization switching of the microwave wave is done by controlling the power supply of the son-diodes.
  • the present invention proposes to apply this basic principle of polarization switching to a Cassegrain type antenna, by providing on the one hand that panels of wire-diodes are placed immediately in front of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector, while their system of power supply and control is placed behind this reflector, and on the other hand that the panels supporting the wire-diodes and the wire-diodes themselves have a curved shape matching the shape of the surface of the auxiliary reflector.
  • a Cassegrain antenna according to the invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • concave main reflector 1 of generally parabolic shape (paraboloid of revolution) and a convex auxiliary reflector 2 of generally hyperbolic shape (hyperboloid of revolution) of dimension much smaller than the main reflector 1 (for example a diameter approximately ten times smaller).
  • a multimode excitation source 3 is placed at the top of the main reflector 1 and emits microwave waves towards the auxiliary reflector 2, which is kept centered in front of the source and coaxially with the main reflector by four rigid rods 4 of small diameter arranged in planes at 45 ° of the axis of the reflectors.
  • Microwave power supply circuits designated by the reference 5 are placed behind the source 3, behind the main reflector 1.
  • the controlled polarizer, 7, which comprises for example three sets 8, 9, 10, of double arrays of wire-diodes: each set comprises both a layer of wires- parallel diodes oriented generally in a given direction and a layer of diode wires oriented perpendicular to those of the other layer.
  • control circuits 12 are placed making it possible to supply the diodes of the various networks directly or in reverse, and control circuits 13 making it possible to check and know the state of good or bad operation diodes (breaks or short circuits), therefore that of the polarization assembly.
  • circuits are connected to the son-diodes by conductors 14, 15 passing through holes 17 of small diameter drilled near the edge of the reflector 2.
  • the circuits 12 and 13 are placed in a sealed box 16 whose dimensions are such that it does not disturb the radiation of the antenna when it is placed behind the auxiliary reflector 2.
  • the supply voltages of the diodes, the control orders, the control signals are conveyed by cables 18, 19 passing inside the tie rods 4 and coming from a control unit 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows the detail of embodiment of the electronically controlled polarizer placed in front of the auxiliary reflector 2.
  • hyperbolic as the surface 6 of the auxiliary reflector 2.
  • the spacing of the panels, the thickness of each of them influence the polarization undergone by the microwave wave.
  • the assemblies 8, 9 and 10 are all made in the same way, that is to say each with three panels such as 21, 22, 23 and they are separated by spacers 24.
  • FIG. 3 represents a detail of embodiment of a panel 21 or 23, in cross section and in top view.
  • the curved panel is made of a dielectric material and is provided with parallel grooves 25 for the wire-diodes, these grooves being wide enough to contain the diodes 26 connected by sections of wire 27.
  • the wire-diodes, thus formed and maintained in the grooves 25 follow the curved shape of the panels 21 and 23.
  • the diode wires which are parallel to each other can be separated by a distance of the order of half the wavelength of the radiation emitted, while the spacing between a diode wire and its supply wire would be of the order of tenth of the wavelength.
  • the panels can be produced by molding directly giving the desired curved shape with the parallel grooves. The son-diodes are then put in place, after which the panels are assembled together, for example by strapping and fixed on the auxiliary reflector.
  • the Cassegrain antenna which has just been described can be used in particular in tracking and ecartometry radar systems, trajectography, spatial listening, etc.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Radarantenne vom Typ mit Doppelreflektor, mit einem allgemein parabolischen Hauptreflektor (1) und einem allgemein hyperbolischen Hilfsreflektor (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie vor der Oberfläche des hyperbolischen Hilfsreflektors (2) einen Polarisationsumschalter aufweist, welcher dielektrische Tafeln (7) umfaßt, deren Oberfläche im wesentlichen gleich der des Hilfsreflektors (2) ist und deren Kontur im wesentlichen mit der des letzteren übereinstimmt, wobei diese Tafeln als Halterung für Diodendrähte (26, 27) dienen, welche an die hyperbolische Form der Tafeln angeschmiegt sind, wobei ein gesteuerter Speisekreis (12) hinter dem Hilfsreflektor (2) angeordnet und mit den Diodendrähten der verschiedenen Tafeln (21, 23) verbunden ist, um die Diodendrähte in einem von zwei möglichen Zuständen zu speisen, von denen der eine ein Zustand ist, in welchem die Dioden gesperrt sind, und der andere ein Zustand, in welchem sie in Durchlaßrichtung und folglich leitend gepolt sind.
2. Radarantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tafeln in wenigstens drei Sätzen (8, 9, 10) gruppiert sind, von denen jeder eine erste Tafel (21) aus in ein Dielektrikum eingebetteten Diodendrähten, die sich parallel zu einer gegebenen Richtung erstrecken, eine zweite Tafel (23) aus in ein Dielektrikum eingebetteten Diodendrähten, deren Richtung senkrecht zu der vorgenannten Richtung ist, und eine dritte Tafel (22) umfaßt, die zwischen den beiden vorgenannten angeordnet ist und zur Einstellung der Anpassung der Diodendraht-Netzwerke untereinander dient, wobei diese drei Tafeln durch Streben (24) getrennt sind, welche ihren Abstand bestimmen, während weitere Streben die Sätze (8, 9, 10) voneinander trennen.
3. Radarantenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede gewölbte Tafel (21, 23), die aus einem dielektrischen Material gebildet ist, mit parallelen Rillen (25) versehen ist, welche zur Aufnahme der Diodendrähte dienen, welche Dioden (26) enthalten, die durch Drahtabschnitte verbunden sind.
EP19830400424 1982-03-02 1983-03-02 Doppelreflektorantenne mit eingebautem Polarisationswandler Expired EP0088681B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8203422 1982-03-02
FR8203422A FR2522888A1 (fr) 1982-03-02 1982-03-02 Antenne a double reflecteur a transformateur de polarisation incorpore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088681A1 EP0088681A1 (de) 1983-09-14
EP0088681B1 true EP0088681B1 (de) 1988-03-02

Family

ID=9271489

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830400424 Expired EP0088681B1 (de) 1982-03-02 1983-03-02 Doppelreflektorantenne mit eingebautem Polarisationswandler

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088681B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3375866D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2522888A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0381037A1 (de) * 1989-01-31 1990-08-08 Siemens-Albis Aktiengesellschaft Antennensystem
GB0707147D0 (en) 2007-04-13 2007-05-23 Basic Device Ltd Radiators

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3235870A (en) * 1961-03-09 1966-02-15 Hazeltine Research Inc Double-reflector antenna with polarization-changing subreflector
GB1305117A (de) * 1970-07-13 1973-01-31
US3896440A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-07-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Retrodirective passive beacon for simulating a moving target
DK143827C (da) * 1973-05-23 1982-03-08 Harris Corp Passivt antenneelement
FR2382109A1 (fr) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-22 Thomson Csf Transformateur de polarisation hyperfrequence

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2522888A1 (fr) 1983-09-09
DE3375866D1 (en) 1988-04-07
FR2522888B1 (de) 1984-04-20
EP0088681A1 (de) 1983-09-14

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