EP1551078A1 - Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm - Google Patents

Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1551078A1
EP1551078A1 EP04300001A EP04300001A EP1551078A1 EP 1551078 A1 EP1551078 A1 EP 1551078A1 EP 04300001 A EP04300001 A EP 04300001A EP 04300001 A EP04300001 A EP 04300001A EP 1551078 A1 EP1551078 A1 EP 1551078A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
elements
reflector elements
discrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04300001A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1551078B1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Ratajczak
Patrice Brachat
Pierre-Yves Garel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
Original Assignee
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by France Telecom SA filed Critical France Telecom SA
Priority to EP04300001.7A priority Critical patent/EP1551078B1/de
Priority to US11/026,450 priority patent/US7123205B2/en
Publication of EP1551078A1 publication Critical patent/EP1551078A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1551078B1 publication Critical patent/EP1551078B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a configurable antenna for emit or pick up at least one beam of electromagnetic radiation in an adjustable direction and angular width.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of mobile telephony (GSM bands (Global System for Mobile Communication), DCS (Digital Cellular System), UMTS (Universal Mobile Communication System)), as well as in the field of the diffusion of services broadband type wireless local area network (WLAN), WIFI, LMDS (Local Multi-point Distribution System) and even UWB (Ultra Wide Band).
  • GSM bands Global System for Mobile Communication
  • DCS Digital Cellular System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Communication System
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WIFI Wireless Local area network
  • LMDS Local Multi-point Distribution System
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • cell coverage can be obtained from mono / multi-beam antennas whose areas of radiation are made adjustable in direction and in angular width through the use of active elements that control the diet planar array antennas or focal network reflector antennas for angles of sight of ⁇ 30 to 40 °, or placed on a cylindrical surface for have the ability to point one or more beams in 360 °.
  • the complexity of the supply network is directly related to the possibilities and the agility of the antenna. This complexity is growing even faster with the formation of independent multiple beams.
  • the management of the whole beams must be through radio frequency active elements of the amplifier type, phase shifter, delay line working in bands frequency of the antenna.
  • the invention is to propose a configurable antenna intended to transmit or to capture at least one beam of electromagnetic radiation in a direction and an adjustable angular width, which would eliminate the limitations of known antenna systems mentioned above by avoiding especially the use of radio-frequency components.
  • said configurable antenna also comprises associated with said omnidirectional antenna, reflective elements discrete reflectivity controllable, arranged on at least one centered circle around the given z axis.
  • the reflectivity of said discrete reflector elements is controlled by a DC voltage.
  • the configurable antenna according to the invention uses the modification of the electromagnetic radiation of an omnidirectional antenna, broadband or multi-band, by a system of deflectors controlled by simple direct voltage, unlike active antennas where radiation is controlled by radio frequency components.
  • the combination of an omnidirectional type antenna with a system of discrete reflector elements transforms, according to the invention, the omnidirectional coverage of the antenna in a single / multi-beam coverage of varying widths.
  • the antenna of the invention can be configured to obtain a beam of radiation in a cell of larger or smaller size or to illuminate several cells in different angular sectors.
  • the cover can be modified without the need to change the antenna or its positioning.
  • said elements Discrete reflectors are linear elements each consisting of discontinuous metal bars interconnected by components of electrical conductivity controllable by a DC voltage.
  • These elements were developed by the Institute of Fundamental Electronics of the University Paris Sud-Orsay ("Numerical and Experimental Demonstration of Electronically Controllable PBG in the Frequency Range 0 to 20 Ghz »A. Lustrac, T. Brillat, F.Gadot and E.
  • the working frequencies are below banned bands and the meta-material is used as simple controlled metal reflector.
  • controllable electrical conductivity are diodes or switches micro-mechanics known by the acronym Anglo-Saxon MEMS for "MicroElectroMechanical System", both types of components being controllable by a DC voltage.
  • said omnidirectional antenna is constituted by a biconical antenna.
  • Biconical antennas are omnidirectional antennas properties and characteristics have been described in Chapter 8 "The Biconical Antenna and its Impedance "from J.D. Kraus Antennas, McGraw Hill, Electrical and Electronical Engineering Series, 1950.
  • said antenna omnidirectional is constituted by a plurality of biconical antennas networking.
  • said biconical antenna has cones asymmetrical or that said biconical antennas are networked with a variable phase shift.
  • the elements Discrete reflectors have a variable reflectivity depending on the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. This allows for inclusion of defects in the meta-material constituted by said discrete elements to obtain radiation beams of different coverage according to the frequency band: GSM, UMTS, ....
  • the invention envisages also that the antenna of the invention comprises second elements discrete reflectors arranged orthogonally to said reflector elements discreet. This dual structure can be controlled separately in polarization Horizontal and vertical offers the possibility to achieve polarizations at ⁇ 45 °.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a configurable antenna according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the z axis of the antenna of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3a shows a polarized reflective element
  • FIG. 3b represents the reflector element of FIG. polarized.
  • Figure 4a is a top view of a distribution of elements non-polarized reflectors.
  • Figure 4b shows the distribution of Figure 4a in a single-beam polarization configuration of the reflector elements.
  • Figure 4c shows the distribution of Figure 4a in a multi-beam polarization configuration of the reflector elements.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the z axis of two antennas according to the invention mounted in a network.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a configurable antenna 10 comprising an omnidirectional antenna 11 broadband or multiband which, in the example illustrated in these figures, is of the biconical type.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 11 consists of two substantially conical surfaces 111 and 112 arranged head-to-tail around a common axis z which is also that of the antenna 10.
  • the antenna 11 is able to emit or pick up a beam of radiation electromagnetic way omnidirectional, ie isotropic around of the z-axis, which constitutes an axis of revolution for the antenna 11.
  • the directivity maximum is obtained for a direction D radiation at an angle ⁇ of 90 ° to the z-axis, that is to say in the xy plane.
  • the antenna omnidirectional 11 is associated with a system of reflective elements discrete 20 controllable reflectivity, arranged in at least one circle centered around the z axis. As shown in Figure 1 and more specifically FIGS. 4a to 4c, said reflector elements 20 are distributed according to four concentric circles 31, 32, 33, 34.
  • the reflective elements 20 are linear elements each consisting of discontinuous metal bars 21 interconnected by components 22 of controllable electrical conductivity. As can be seen on the FIGS. 3a and 3b, said components 22 are diodes controlled by a DC voltage.
  • the system formed by a regular set discrete linear elements 20 of this type produces a meta-material, said to banned electromagnetic bands, whose properties have been recalled above with reference to the publication of A. de Lustrac et al.
  • Figures 3a and 3b illustrate how the linear elements 20 operate when applied to the configurable antenna 10.
  • the diodes 22 are biased by a DC voltage and, because of their very low electrical resistance, realize the equivalent of a only bar of greater length than each individual bar 21.
  • This bar, referenced then 20 ', is a reflector from the point of view electromagnetic. We understand that the spatial distribution of the elements Linear 20 'shorted bars 21 forms a reflector that allows distribute the radiation at will in space.
  • the diodes are not polarized and therefore have a very high impedance. There is no electrical connection between bars and the equivalent 20 "bar is transparent to the waves electromagnetic. In practical terms, it is advantageous for the length of an elementary bar 21 remains less than one fifth of the most small wavelength to limit the disturbance of these bars 21.
  • the advantage of using this reflector system ordered is mainly due to the fact that the diodes are polarized with a continuous voltage. So there is no typical RF complex component amplifier or phase shifter. Only the diode 22 must be chosen so as to have the lowest internal resistance at the frequencies considered when is polarized, in order to obtain a better short-circuit.
  • the configurable reflector system associated with the omnidirectional antenna 11 consists of a plurality of concentric circles of axis z on which are regularly distributed the reflective elements 20 in a linear step ⁇ constant.
  • the angular distribution of the elements 20 is variable according to the radius of the circle considered in order to obtain a step linear ⁇ constant for all circles 31, 32, 33, 34.
  • the number of concentric circles of reflective elements 20 is fixed in order to have sufficient attenuation in the short-circuited area since the metal bar 20 'is a localized element and that the superposition of concentric layers can best simulate a metal cylinder reflector. Similarly, the radial spacing between each concentric circle must be low enough that the circle repetition generates a portion cylindrical reflector
  • each linear element 20 passes through the upper metal cones 111 and lower 112 without electrical contact, passing through insulating passages 40. It is then very easy thanks to the coaxial feed of the biconical antenna 11 to bring a voltage continuous on the upper cone 111 in order to be able to polarize independently each linear element 20 by a control housing 50 placed either on the upper cone 111, the elements 20 being grounded on the cone lower 112 (FIG. 2), ie under the lower cone 112, the elements 20 being connected directly to the upper cone 111 for connection to the voltage positive.
  • FIG. 5 a configurable antenna 10 'constituted by an omnidirectional antenna 11 'comprising two biconical antennas 11a and 11b.
  • the configuration of linear reflector elements 20 in short circuit or open circuit is the even for all of the two biconical antennas 11a and 11b, in order to generate the coverage (s) in azimuth.
  • the integration of the linear elements 20 controlled is done the same way only for a simple biconical antenna.
  • the polarization voltage of the diodes is applied to the central core of the coaxial cable 200 and is recovered on the last cone 111b of the network.
  • the elements 20 pass through the cones without electrical contact and are connected to ground on the lower cone 112a.
  • reflective elements 20 to variable reflectivity with frequency it is possible to generate beams in certain directions of space for a given frequency band and in other directions for other frequency bands.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP04300001.7A 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm Expired - Lifetime EP1551078B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04300001.7A EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm
US11/026,450 US7123205B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2004-12-30 Configurable omnidirectional antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04300001.7A EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1551078A1 true EP1551078A1 (de) 2005-07-06
EP1551078B1 EP1551078B1 (de) 2014-04-02

Family

ID=34560279

Family Applications (1)

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EP04300001.7A Expired - Lifetime EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US7123205B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1551078B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2863109B1 (fr) * 2003-11-27 2006-05-19 Centre Nat Rech Scient Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement d'emission/reception configurable et orientable, station de base correspondante
FR2895574A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-29 France Telecom Reflecteur bipolarisation configurable
US7847659B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-12-07 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Coaxial metamaterial structure
US7724180B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2010-05-25 Toyota Motor Corporation Radar system with an active lens for adjustable field of view
JP5337432B2 (ja) * 2007-11-30 2013-11-06 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ 無線通信システム
US7965250B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2011-06-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Microwave lens
RU2535177C1 (ru) * 2013-07-16 2014-12-10 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "ВОЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ СВЯЗИ имени Маршала Советского Союза С.М. Буденного" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Коническая ультракоротковолновая антенна
EP3285332B1 (de) * 2016-08-19 2019-04-03 Swisscom AG Antennensystem
GB201620123D0 (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-01-11 Plasma Antennas Ltd A frequency scanned
CN114651374B (zh) 2019-09-18 2023-09-01 华为技术有限公司 利用具有无源元件的智能天线实现的波束分集
US11444373B1 (en) * 2021-09-10 2022-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Buoy antenna
CN114050405B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-26 陕西海积信息科技有限公司 线阵车载天线和设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1021727A (en) 1963-11-25 1966-03-09 Granger Associates Steerable reflector antenna system
US3375519A (en) 1960-05-19 1968-03-26 Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc Scanning reflector
AU520107B2 (en) 1976-06-21 1982-01-14 Gould Inc. Antenna bearing system
DE3237136A1 (de) 1982-10-07 1984-04-12 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Antenne mit elektronisch schwenkbarem richtdiagramm
US4700197A (en) 1984-07-02 1987-10-13 Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. Adaptive array antenna

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5134420A (en) * 1990-05-07 1992-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Bicone antenna with hemispherical beam
US6268834B1 (en) * 2000-05-17 2001-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Inductively shorted bicone antenna
US6667721B1 (en) * 2002-10-09 2003-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Compact broad band antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375519A (en) 1960-05-19 1968-03-26 Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc Scanning reflector
GB1021727A (en) 1963-11-25 1966-03-09 Granger Associates Steerable reflector antenna system
AU520107B2 (en) 1976-06-21 1982-01-14 Gould Inc. Antenna bearing system
DE3237136A1 (de) 1982-10-07 1984-04-12 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Antenne mit elektronisch schwenkbarem richtdiagramm
US4700197A (en) 1984-07-02 1987-10-13 Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. Adaptive array antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050168391A1 (en) 2005-08-04
EP1551078B1 (de) 2014-04-02
US7123205B2 (en) 2006-10-17

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