EP1551078B1 - Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm - Google Patents

Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1551078B1
EP1551078B1 EP04300001.7A EP04300001A EP1551078B1 EP 1551078 B1 EP1551078 B1 EP 1551078B1 EP 04300001 A EP04300001 A EP 04300001A EP 1551078 B1 EP1551078 B1 EP 1551078B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
reflective elements
axis
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04300001.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1551078A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Ratajczak
Patrice Brachat
Pierre-Yves Garel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
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Orange SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Orange SA filed Critical Orange SA
Priority to EP04300001.7A priority Critical patent/EP1551078B1/de
Priority to US11/026,450 priority patent/US7123205B2/en
Publication of EP1551078A1 publication Critical patent/EP1551078A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1551078B1 publication Critical patent/EP1551078B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a configurable antenna for transmitting or sensing at least one electromagnetic radiation beam in an adjustable direction and angular width.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of mobile telephony (GSM bands (Global System for Mobile Communication), DCS (Digital Cellular System), UMTS (Universal Mobile Communication System)), as well as in that of the broadcasting of broadband services such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), WIFI, Local Multi-point Distribution System (LMDS) and even Ultra Wide Band (UWB).
  • GSM bands Global System for Mobile Communication
  • DCS Digital Cellular System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Communication System
  • broadband services such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), WIFI, Local Multi-point Distribution System (LMDS) and even Ultra Wide Band (UWB).
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • WIFI Wireless Local Multi-point Distribution System
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • cell coverage can be obtained from mono / multi-beam antennas whose radiation zones are made adjustable in direction and angular width by the use of active elements that control the antenna. feeding planar array antennas or focal array reflector antennas for angles of sight of ⁇ 30 to 40 °, or placed on a cylindrical surface to have the ability to point one or more beams through 360 °.
  • the complexity of the power grid is directly related to the possibilities and agility of the antenna. This complexity is growing even faster with the formation of multiple independent beams.
  • the management of all the beams must be done through radio frequency active elements of the amplifier type, phase shifter, delay line which work in the frequency bands of the antenna. The use of such elements drastically increases the cost of the antenna or limits the possibilities thereof if one wants to obtain a reasonable price (use in narrow band, ).
  • the power losses of these active printed network antennas are not negligible and may limit intrinsic performance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the object of the present invention is to propose a configurable antenna intended to emit or pick up at least one electromagnetic radiation beam in an adjustable direction and angular width, which would make it possible to eliminate the limitations known antenna systems mentioned above, especially avoiding the use of radio-frequency components.
  • the document DE 32 37 136 discloses an antenna having an upper metal plate and a lower metal plate, partially conical and reflective elements in the form of bars extending between said plates.
  • the document AT 520 107 describes an antenna whose structure is that of a conical monopole.
  • the document US 4,700,197 describes an antenna whose structure is a monopole comprising a plurality of re-connectors mounted on a ground plane.
  • the document GB 1,021,727 discloses a system comprising an antenna formed of a central pole and a plurality of reflectors disposed around said pole.
  • said configurable antenna also comprises, associated with said omnidirectional antenna, discrete reflective reflectivity elements controllable, arranged on at least one circle centered around the given z axis .
  • the reflectivity of said discrete reflector elements is controlled by a DC voltage.
  • the configurable antenna according to the invention uses the modification of the electromagnetic radiation of an omnidirectional antenna, broadband or multi-band, by a system of deflectors controlled by simple direct voltage, unlike conventional active antennas where one pilot the radiation by radio-frequency components.
  • the combination of an omnidirectional type antenna to a system of discrete reflector elements transforms, according to the invention, the omnidirectional coverage of the antenna into a mono / multibeam coverage of variable widths.
  • the antenna of the invention can be configured to obtain a beam of radiation in a cell of larger or smaller size or to illuminate several cells in different angular sectors.
  • the coverage can therefore be changed without the need to change the antenna or its positioning.
  • said discrete reflector elements are linear elements each consisting of discontinuous metal bars interconnected by electrical conductivity components controllable by a DC voltage.
  • These elements were developed by the Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale of the University of Paris Sud-Orsay ( "Numerical and Experimental Demonstration of an Electronically Controllable PBG in the Frequency Range 0 to 20 Ghz" A. de Lustrac, T. Brillat, F.Gadot and E.
  • the working frequencies are below the forbidden bands and the meta-material is used as a simple metal reflector controlled.
  • controllable electrical conductivity components are diodes or micro-mechanical switches known by the acronym MEMS for "MicroElectroMechanical System", these two types of components being controllable by a DC voltage .
  • said omnidirectional antenna is constituted by a biconical antenna.
  • Biconical antennas are omnidirectional antennas whose properties and characteristics have been described in chapter 8 "The Biconical Antenna and its lmpedance" from JD Kraus Antennas, McGraw-Hill, Electrical and Electronical Engineering Series, 1950 .
  • said omnidirectional antenna is constituted by a plurality of networked biconical antennas.
  • said biconical antenna has asymmetrical cones or that said biconical antennas are networked with a variable phase shift.
  • the discrete reflector elements have a variable reflectivity as a function of the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. This makes it possible, by inclusion of defects in the meta-material constituted by said discrete elements, to obtain beams of radiation of different coverage according to the frequency band: GSM, UMTS, ....
  • the invention also contemplates that the antenna of the invention comprises second discrete reflector elements arranged orthogonally to said discrete reflector elements. This double structure, which can be controlled separately in horizontal and vertical polarization, offers the possibility of making polarizations at ⁇ 45 °.
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a configurable antenna according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 is a sectional view along the z-axis of the antenna of the figure 1 .
  • the figure 3a represents a polarized reflective element.
  • the figure 3b represents the reflective element of the figure 3a unpolarized.
  • the figure 4a is a top view of a distribution of non-polarized reflector elements.
  • the figure 4b represents the distribution of the figure 4a in a single-beam polarization configuration of the reflector elements.
  • the figure 4c represents the distribution of the figure 4a in a multi-beam polarization configuration of the reflector elements.
  • the figure 5 is a sectional view along the z-axis of two antennas according to the invention mounted in a network.
  • a configurable antenna 10 comprising a omnidirectional antenna 11 broadband or multi-band which, in the example illustrated in these figures, is of the biconical type.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 11 consists of two substantially conical surfaces 111 and 112 arranged head to tail about a common axis z which is also that of the antenna 10.
  • the antenna 11 is able to emit or pick up a beam of electromagnetic radiation omnidirectionally, ie isotropically about the z axis, which constitutes an axis of revolution for the antenna 11.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 11 is associated with a system of discrete reflective elements 20 of controllable reflectivity arranged according to at least one circle centered around the z axis. As indicated by figure 1 and more precisely the Figures 4a to 4c said reflective elements 20 are distributed in four concentric circles 31, 32, 33, 34.
  • the reflector elements 20 are linear elements each constituted by discontinuous metal bars 21 interconnected by components 22 of controllable electrical conductivity. As can be seen on the Figures 3a and 3b said components 22 are diodes controlled by a DC voltage.
  • the system formed by a regular set of discrete linear elements 20 of this type produces a meta-material, called electromagnetic bandgap, whose properties have been recalled above with reference to the publication of A. de Lustrac et al.
  • the Figures 3a and 3b illustrate how the linear elements 20 operate when applied to the configurable antenna 10.
  • the diodes 22 are biased by a DC voltage and, because of their very low electrical resistance, realize the equivalent of a single bar of greater length than each individual bar 21.
  • This bar, then referenced 20 ', is a reflector from the electromagnetic point of view. It will be understood that the spatial distribution of the linear elements 20 'of shorted bars 21 forms a reflector which makes it possible to distribute the radiation at will in the space.
  • the diodes are not polarized and therefore have a very high impedance. There is no electrical connection between the bars and the equivalent bar 20 "is transparent to the electromagnetic waves.Practically, it is advantageous for the length of an elementary bar 21 to remain less than one-fifth of the smaller wavelength to limit the disturbance of these bars 21.
  • the advantage of using this controlled reflective element system is mainly due to the fact that the diodes are biased with a DC voltage. There is therefore no complex RF component type amplifier or phase shifter. Only the diode 22 must be chosen so as to have the lowest internal resistance to the frequencies envisaged when it is polarized, this in order to obtain a better short-circuit.
  • the configurable reflector system associated with the omnidirectional antenna 11 is constituted by a plurality of concentric circles of axis z on which the reflector elements 20 are regularly distributed in a linear step ⁇ constant.
  • the angular distribution of the elements 20 is variable as a function of the radius of the circle considered in order to obtain a linear pitch ⁇ constant for all the circles 31, 32, 33, 34.
  • the number of concentric circles of reflective elements 20 is set so as to have a sufficient attenuation in the short-circuit zone since the metal bar 20 'is a localized element and the superposition of concentric layers makes it possible to best simulate a cylinder reflective metal. Likewise, the radial spacing between each concentric circle must be small enough that the repetition of the circles generates a cylindrical reflective portion
  • the desired electromagnetic radiation beam distribution may be achieved, for example an omnidirectional distribution ( figure 4a ), a single beam distribution ( figure 4b ) of variable width or multi-beam distribution ( figure 4c ) with a variable width for each beam.
  • each linear element 20 passes through the upper metal cones 111 and lower 112 without electrical contact, passing through insulating passages 40. It is then very easy thanks to the coaxial feed of the biconical antenna 11 to bring a DC voltage on the upper cone 111 in order to be able to independently bias each linear element 20 by a control box 50 placed on the upper cone 111, the elements 20 being grounded on the lower cone 112 ( figure 2 ), or under the lower cone 112, the elements 20 being connected directly to the upper cone 111 for connection to the positive voltage.
  • FIG. 5 a configurable antenna 10 'constituted by an omnidirectional antenna 11' comprising two biconical antennas 11a and 11b.
  • the configuration of linear reflective elements 20 in short-circuit or open circuit is the same for all of the two biconical antennas 11a and 11b, in order to generate the cover (s) in azimuth.
  • the integration of the linear elements 20 controlled is done in the same way as for a simple biconical antenna.
  • the bias voltage of the diodes is applied to the central core of the coaxial cable 200 and is recovered on the last cone 111b of the network.
  • the elements 20 pass through the cones without electrical contact and are connected to ground on the lower cone 112a.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Konfigurierbare Rundstrahlantenne (10, 10', 10"), die dazu bestimmt ist, mindestens ein elektromagnetisches Strahlungsbündel in einer einstellbaren Richtung und Winkelweite um eine gegebene Achse z zu senden oder aufzufangen, die enthält:
    - einen oberen metallischen Konus (111) und einen unteren metallischen Konus (112), die Kopf bei Fuß um die gemeinsame Achse z angeordnet sind;
    - ein System von diskreten Reflektorelementen (20) mit steuerbarem Reflexionsvermögens, das sich senkrecht zwischen den metallischen Konen (111, 112) erstreckt, die gemäß einem auf die Achse z der Antenne zentrierten Kreis (31, 32, 33, 34) angeordnet sind;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - jedes Reflektorelement (20) aus einer Vielzahl von unterbrochenen Metallstäben (21) besteht, die durch Bauteile (22) mit steuerbarer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Reflektorelemente die zwei eine Doppelkonusantenne formenden metallischen Konen (111, 112) ohne elektrischen Kontakt mit den metallischen Konen durchqueren.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Reflexionsvermögen der diskreten Reflektorelemente (20) von einer Gleichspannung gesteuert wird.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bauteile mit steuerbarer Leitfähigkeit Dioden sind.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bauteile mit steuerbarer Leitfähigkeit mikromechanische Schalter sind.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die diskreten Reflektorelemente (20) mit konstanter linearer Teilung (δ) über die Vielzahl konzentrischer Kreise (31, 32, 33, 34) einer Achse z verteilt sind.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die konstante lineare Teilung (δ) für alle konzentrischen Kreise gleich ist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Reflektorelemente kleiner als ein Fünftel der kleinsten Wellenlänge der elektromagnetischen Strahlung ist.
  8. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der untere (112) und obere (111) Konus unsymmetrisch sind.
  9. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne eine Vielzahl von vernetzten Doppelkonusantennen (11a, 11b, 11c) enthält.
  10. Antenne nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Doppelkonusantennen (11a, 11b, 11c) mit einer variablen Phasenverschiebung vernetzt sind.
  11. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Aufbau von diskreten Reflektorelementen aufweist, die orthogonal zum System senkrechter Reflektorelemente angeordnet sind.
EP04300001.7A 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm Expired - Lifetime EP1551078B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04300001.7A EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm
US11/026,450 US7123205B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2004-12-30 Configurable omnidirectional antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04300001.7A EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1551078A1 EP1551078A1 (de) 2005-07-06
EP1551078B1 true EP1551078B1 (de) 2014-04-02

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EP04300001.7A Expired - Lifetime EP1551078B1 (de) 2004-01-02 2004-01-02 Rundstrahler mit schwenkbarem Richtdiagramm

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US (1) US7123205B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1551078B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2863109B1 (fr) * 2003-11-27 2006-05-19 Centre Nat Rech Scient Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement d'emission/reception configurable et orientable, station de base correspondante
FR2895574A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-29 France Telecom Reflecteur bipolarisation configurable
US7847659B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-12-07 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Coaxial metamaterial structure
US7724180B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2010-05-25 Toyota Motor Corporation Radar system with an active lens for adjustable field of view
JP5337432B2 (ja) * 2007-11-30 2013-11-06 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ 無線通信システム
US7965250B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2011-06-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Microwave lens
RU2535177C1 (ru) * 2013-07-16 2014-12-10 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "ВОЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ СВЯЗИ имени Маршала Советского Союза С.М. Буденного" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Коническая ультракоротковолновая антенна
EP3285332B1 (de) * 2016-08-19 2019-04-03 Swisscom AG Antennensystem
GB201620123D0 (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-01-11 Plasma Antennas Ltd A frequency scanned
EP4022716A1 (de) 2019-09-18 2022-07-06 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Strahldiversität durch eine intelligente antenne mit passiven elementen
US11444373B1 (en) * 2021-09-10 2022-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Buoy antenna
CN114050405B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-26 陕西海积信息科技有限公司 线阵车载天线和设备

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US3375519A (en) 1960-05-19 1968-03-26 Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc Scanning reflector
GB1021727A (en) 1963-11-25 1966-03-09 Granger Associates Steerable reflector antenna system
AU520107B2 (en) 1976-06-21 1982-01-14 Gould Inc. Antenna bearing system
DE3237136A1 (de) 1982-10-07 1984-04-12 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Antenne mit elektronisch schwenkbarem richtdiagramm
CA1239223A (en) 1984-07-02 1988-07-12 Robert Milne Adaptive array antenna
US5134420A (en) * 1990-05-07 1992-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Bicone antenna with hemispherical beam
US6268834B1 (en) * 2000-05-17 2001-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Inductively shorted bicone antenna
US6667721B1 (en) * 2002-10-09 2003-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Compact broad band antenna

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US7123205B2 (en) 2006-10-17
US20050168391A1 (en) 2005-08-04
EP1551078A1 (de) 2005-07-06

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