EP2656438B1 - Strahlende zelle mit zwei phasenzuständen für ein sendendes netzwerk - Google Patents

Strahlende zelle mit zwei phasenzuständen für ein sendendes netzwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2656438B1
EP2656438B1 EP11802728.3A EP11802728A EP2656438B1 EP 2656438 B1 EP2656438 B1 EP 2656438B1 EP 11802728 A EP11802728 A EP 11802728A EP 2656438 B1 EP2656438 B1 EP 2656438B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
radiating element
switching means
cell
cell according
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2656438A1 (de
Inventor
Laurent Dussopt
Antonio Clemente
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiating cell with two phase states and suitable for producing a network antenna or a lens antenna. It applies in particular to the realization of transmitter networks using several configurable cells to control the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • Transmitting network antennas are commonly used in the 1-100 GHz frequency range to focus radiation; for this reason, they are therefore also often called discrete lens antenna (or “discrete-lens antenna” in English).
  • Such a type of network antenna comprises a large number of individual radiating cells adapted to receive an electromagnetic field on one side and to transmit it on the opposite face with a minimum attenuation and a known phase shift.
  • This type of antenna is generally known to form a wave projector transforming at their output properties of the wave at their input.
  • a grating antenna which comprises a receiving surface 111 which is generally illuminated by one or more primary sources 101, the other surface 112, also called transmission surface constituting the radiating aperture of the antenna.
  • the two surfaces 111 and 112 are generally separated by a phase shift device 113 to allow the modification of the phase and the direction of the radiation emitted by the primary source (s).
  • the antennal network operates identically in transmission or reception as long as the network does not contain a non-reciprocal element such as an amplifier or certain magnetic components. In the opposite case, the antennal network is designed to operate exclusively either in transmission or in reception.
  • Resonators in sections arranged between the two slots make it possible to ensure electromagnetic coupling between these two slots, and switches placed at different points of these resonators. allow to select a coupling mode among four possible modes, each mode corresponding to different transmission phases of 90 ° from each other.
  • the resonators of this structure form a filter, each section of these resonators forms a resonant circuit coupled to a slot antenna. By operating the switches, the resonance frequency of the complete structure is changed.
  • This cell makes it possible to generate four phase states with low transmission losses.
  • the main advantage of this solution is to allow a continuous variation of the transmission phase over a large range close to 360 °.
  • An object of the invention is to propose a high bandwidth radiating cell defined at -3 dB of transmission with respect to the nominal frequency of the cell, for example of the order of 15% or 20%, and which can be integrated in a transmitter network whose radiation pattern is configurable.
  • the subject of the invention is a radiating cell for forming an integrable antenna in a network and capable of transmitting microwave signals, the cell comprising a first radiating element and a second radiating element arranged on either side of the antenna.
  • the second radiating element comprising at least one conductive surface capable of radiating, characterized in that it comprises at least a first and a second switching means, said means each comprising an on state and a blocked state between two accesses , one of said accesses is connected to the second radiating element, said switching means being oppositely controlled so that when said first switching means is in the on state, said second means is in the off state, these first and second means switching means being further controlled so that the current flowing in the conductive surface is in phase opposition depending on whether the first switching means is in the on state or the second switching means is in the on state.
  • the second radiating element comprises first and second surfaces disjoint and electrically isolated from one another.
  • said first and second surfaces form a planar antenna, said first surface being connected to the first radiating element, said second surface comprising peripheral conductive zones of the second radiating element, the switching means being arranged in an interface between said first surface and said second surface.
  • This variant has the advantage that it is simple to achieve.
  • the first surface acts as a conductive line to the switches that are placed near the edges of the antenna so as to produce effective excitation of the antenna.
  • the second surface comprises the peripheral zones of the second antenna, adapted to produce effective radiation or to effectively capture incident signals.
  • the first conductive surface of the second radiating element is connected to the first radiating element (201) via a through connection.
  • a connection mode is simple to implement and induces a very low attenuation of the power signals.
  • the conductive surfaces are isolated by a slot formed around a junction point between said first surface and said through connection.
  • the switching means are arranged relative to each other substantially symmetrically with respect to the center of the second radiating element. This arrangement of the switching means makes it possible to circulate currents in phase opposition, according to whether the current passes through the first switching means or the second switching means.
  • junction point between said first surface and said through connection is located substantially in the center of the second radiating element.
  • the first surface is preferably circumscribed to a small zone located in the median zone of the patch to avoid the appearance of parasitic currents.
  • the junction point between said first surface and said through connection is located outside a middle zone of the second radiating element.
  • said first and second surfaces form a planar antenna, said first surface being a lower surface disposed close to the ground plane and being connected to the first radiating element, said second surface being an upper surface disposed opposite to the lower surface and the first switching means being disposed between the lower surface and the first radiating element, the second switching means being disposed between the upper surface and the first radiating element, each of the two crossing connection switching means and at least one junction point between each lower or upper surface and the first radiating element being provided for this through connection.
  • the first radiating element forms a planar antenna whose junction point between the first radiating element and said through connection is located substantially in the center of the first radiating element which comprises an insulating zone at least partially surrounding said junction point, so as to form a conductive line connecting said junction point to a peripheral zone of the first conductive element.
  • This embodiment has the particular advantage of being compact, the two antennas can be placed opposite one another. Thus, with this configuration, it is possible to have a larger number of cells in a transmitter network.
  • the first radiating element forms a planar antenna whose junction point between the first radiating element and the said through connection is located outside the middle of this first radiating element.
  • the angular position of the first radiating element about an axis orthogonal to the plane of this element and passing through said junction point is chosen as a function of the desired polarization of the signal transmitted by the cell.
  • This embodiment allows to act on the position of the first antenna, the rotation thereof around the junction point to choose the polarization of the signal to be transmitted.
  • the ground plane is connected to the first radiating element, the cell comprising a conductive control line connected to the second surface of the second element, said conductive control line being able to carry an electric current to polarize. said switching means.
  • Such means are very simple to control the switches.
  • the ground plane is connected to the second surface of the second radiating element, the cell comprising a conductive control line connected to the first radiating element, said conductive control line being able to carry an electric current for polarizing said switching means.
  • the ground plane and the control line are connected to the radiating elements via connections passing through at least one dielectric layer.
  • the first switching means are a diode whose anode is connected to the second surface and whose cathode is connected to the first surface
  • the second switching means being a diode whose anode is connected to the second surface and whose cathode is connected to the first surface
  • the invention also relates to a network comprising at least two radiating cells according to the invention, each of said two cells being controlled to modify the phase state of the signal transmitted by this cell, so as to configure the radiation pattern of said network.
  • the figures are not to scale, and they are oriented with respect to an axis XYZ having two orthogonal directions X and Y horizontal and a vertical direction Z perpendicular to the other two directions.
  • the radiating cell of the invention is capable of transmitting / receiving electromagnetic waves (in the Z direction) at a working frequency ft (or nominal frequency) corresponding to a wavelength ⁇ t , typically this frequency is between 100 MHz and 100GHz, preferably between 1GHz and 10GHz.
  • the cell according to the invention can generate two transmission phase states separated by 180 °, the phase being controlled by an electrical control signal.
  • This cell thus makes it possible to produce a transmitter network comprising a large number of cells and whose phase law is electrically controllable by a set of control signals with a phase quantization of ⁇ 90 °.
  • These switching means may be radio frequency switches such as diodes, MEMS, phototransistors or any other component having a similar functionality with two on / off states. These components are usually reciprocal; also, the cell can therefore operate identically in reception or transmission.
  • the cell of the invention has low losses which are more identical losses in the two phase states.
  • the cell may comprise, above the first radiating element and / or the second radiating element, a stack comprising an alternation of substrate of metal layers.
  • the Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d show a first embodiment of a cell according to the invention.
  • the figure 2a is a view from below of cell 200
  • the Figures 2b and 2d are a cross-sectional view of the cell 200 and its variant respectively
  • the Figure 2c is a view from above of the cell 200.
  • the cell 200 comprises two elementary antennas disposed on either side of a ground plane 203.
  • an elementary antenna comprises a radiating element separated by the ground plane of at least one dielectric layer
  • the cell 200 thus comprises a first radiating element 201 and a second radiating element 202 disposed of and other of the ground plane 203 enclosed in an assembly 204 of at least two substrates (or dielectric layers forming a substrate) 204 ', 204 ".
  • Each elementary antenna can be produced by a planar or patch antenna (in English) which is a planar antenna whose radiating element is a generally square conductive surface separated from a conductive reflector plane (or ground plane) by a dielectric layer .
  • the realization of such a planar antenna resembles a double-sided printed circuit, substrate, and is therefore favorable to industrial production, in particular for easy integration into an antenna array.
  • the two radiating elements 201, 202 are connected by a connection 205 passing through the substrate 204 and passing through an opening 206 formed in the ground plane 203.
  • the connection 205 has no contact with the ground plane 203 which forms a shield electromagnetic between the two radiating elements 201, 202.
  • connection 205 and the first radiating element 201 are connected at a connection point 211.
  • This connection point 211 is preferably located near an edge of this element 201 so as to improve the radiation of this element.
  • connection 205 and the second radiating element 202 are connected at a connection point 212 preferably located at or near the center of this element 202, and preferably at a distance from the center of not more than a quarter of the width of the radiating element 202, so as to favor the main mode of resonance of the radiating element along its length and not to excite other undesired modes.
  • a slot 220 is formed in the second radiating element 202 around the connection point 212, so as to create two disjoint surfaces 221, 222 in this radiating element 202.
  • a first conductive surface portion referred to as an “inner surface” 221 is in contact with the connection point 212, and is separated from a second conductive surface portion, so-called “outer surface” 222, which surrounds the inner surface 221 without entering in contact with her.
  • the slot 220 thus makes it possible to electrically isolate the inner surface 221 of the outer surface 222.
  • the second radiating element 202 has a symmetrical geometry, which makes it possible to minimize the excitation of unwanted resonance modes which would degrade the polarization of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna.
  • the first conductive surface 221 forms a narrow substantially rectangular conduction band extending between two opposite peripheral zones of the second radiating element 202, the switching means 231, 232 being disposed in interface between each of said peripheral zones and said conduction band.
  • “Narrow” means a width small enough to prevent the appearance of spurious radiation, but sufficiently large to routing a current between the aforementioned junction point and each of the switching means.
  • two switches 231, 232 are placed in junction between the inner surface 221 and the outer surface 222 to establish current passages through the slot of the second radiating element 202.
  • connection point 212 An incident current arriving via the connection point 212 can thus flow through the inner surface 221, pass through that of the switches 231 or 232 which is closed and then circulate in the outer surface 222. Reciprocally a current generated by the reception of a wave on the outer surface 222 of the second radiating element 202 can flow to the connection point 212 only through one of the two switches 231, 232 closed and then to the first radiating element 201, via the through connection 205.
  • the switches 231, 232 are arranged symmetrically and diametrically opposite to the connection point 212, so that a current from the first switch 231 excites the outer surface 222 of the second radiating element 202 with a phase state opposite to that corresponding to a current from the second switch 232.
  • At least one transmission line (not shown in the figures) can be arranged close to one of the two radiating elements in order to supply power to this element which in turn transmits it to the other radiating element thanks to the through connection 205.
  • the excitation point is either the point of the switch 231 or the point of the switch 232, knowing that the two elements are interconnected, which generates the excitation of a single mode of spread.
  • the receiving mode cell 200 on the first radiating element 201 and transmitting on the second radiating element 202 is described, but the cell 200 can operate reciprocally to transmit a signal received on the second radiating element 202 to the first radiating element 201 , especially when the cell 200 does not include non-reciprocal elements such as an amplifier, a mixer or a non-integrated phase shifter.
  • non-reciprocal elements such as an amplifier, a mixer or a non-integrated phase shifter.
  • the radiating elements may be patch antennas 201, 202 of square shape, but a rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular, for example, could be used.
  • An antenna shaped like a dipole or spiral could also be used.
  • the two conductive surfaces 221, 222 are, respectively, lower and upper surface of the radiating element and are disjoint and separated from one another by a dielectric layer to electrically isolate them.
  • the lower surface 221 is close to the ground plane and the upper surface 222 is opposed to the lower surface 221.
  • the first switch 231 is connected to the lower surface 221 on the one hand and the first radiating element 201 on the other hand
  • the second switch 232 is connected to the upper surface 222 on the one hand and to the first element radiating 201 on the other hand, the switch which is closed serving as a connection between the two radiating elements.
  • An opening provided in the ground plane 205 allows the passage of these two switches inside the structure of the radiating cell 200.
  • the supply of these two surfaces is provided by at least one transmission line so as to generate a blocking or passing state for each switch alternately.
  • the relative angular position of the two radiating elements 201, 202 can be modified.
  • the radiating elements can be aligned, as in the figure 2b , or their relative angular position can be changed.
  • the first radiating element 201 can be rotated about the axis of rotation formed by the connection 205, so as to change the polarization of the transmitted signal.
  • the first radiating element 201 can be turned at 90 °, so that a signal received in vertical polarization is transmitted in horizontal polarization by the second radiating element 202.
  • additional radiating elements 201, 202 may be positioned above / below the two patches 201, 202 mentioned above, according to the principle of coupled superimposed patches, known to those skilled in the art, principle also referred to as "stacked patch antennas".
  • the slot 220 may be annular, circular, elliptical or have another form; this slot 220 makes it possible to create two separate conducting surfaces 221, 222, the first conducting surface 221 being connected to the first radiating element 201, and the second conducting surface 222 being able to radiate, this second conducting surface 222 comprising the peripheral conductive zones of the second radiating element 202, that is to say the areas near the edges of this element 202 which are conducive to good radiation, the second surface 222 being larger than the first surface 221 to surround it.
  • an insulating material could be used to insulate the two conductive surfaces 221, 222.
  • the through connection 205 splits into two branches, each of these branches being connected to the first access of a switch, the switches being placed in opposite directions, the second ports of the switches being connected to locations diametrically opposite the conductive surface 222 of the second radiating element 202.
  • a conductive passage external to the conductive surface of the second radiating element 202 connects the first radiating element 201 to each of the switches 231, 232.
  • a conductive line starting from the first antenna 201 opens on an access of a switch located near an edge of the second radiating element 202.
  • the switches operate in opposition and are arranged to excite the second radiating element 202 by currents in phase opposition.
  • radio frequency switch technologies can be employed in the cell according to the invention, for example diodes, transistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems).
  • switches 231, 232 may be made using two independent components or with a single component comprising two switches and comprising a function of 1-to-2 switches, a function sometimes referred to by the acronym SPDT for " Single Pole Double Throw ", that is, a function with one input and two switched outputs.
  • SPDT Single Pole Double Throw
  • FIG. 3a A second embodiment is illustrated in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c .
  • the figure 3a is a view from below of cell 300
  • the figure 3b is a cross-sectional view of the cell 300
  • the figure 3c is a view from above of cell 300.
  • connection point 311 of the first radiating element 301 is located in the center of the surface of this element 301, so as to minimize the size of the cell, because the two radiating elements 301, 302 are found face to face.
  • a U-shaped slot 320 is formed around the connection point 311, so that the connection point 311 is on a conductive strip 341 formed within the U, this conductive strip 341 terminating at the periphery 361 of the first radiating element 301.
  • the conductive strip 341 therefore acts as a conduction line for effectively exciting the first radiating element 301 at its periphery.
  • Periphery or “peripheral zone” means an area located at a distance from the edge of the radiating element less than one-third of the width of this element, preferably less than a quarter of its width.
  • switches 331, 332, 333 and 334 are provided, the switch 334 being in the closed position.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c show an exemplary embodiment of the cell according to the invention operating around a central frequency of 9.5 GHz, the cell comprising control means for choosing the phase shift applied to the transmitted signal.
  • the figure 4a is a view from below of cell 400
  • the figure 4b is a cross-sectional view of the cell 400
  • the figure 4c is a view from above of cell 400.
  • the cell 400 comprises a ground plane 403 framed by two substrates 451, 452 of Rogers type RO4003, whose relative permittivity is equal to 3.38 and the thickness is equal to 1.524 mm.
  • the cell 400 also comprises a gluing film 40 mm thick. This film is visible on the figure 4b between the ground plane 403 and line 407. Its role is the bonding of the substrates and the electrical insulation between the line 407 and the ground plane 403.
  • the first substrate 451 comprises on its underside a first rectangular radiating element 401, 8.2x7.4 mm in size, and provided with a slot 140 in U, the ground plane 403 being disposed on the upper face of the first substrate 451.
  • the second substrate 452 comprises a second rectangular radiating element 402 of the same dimensions as the first element 401, but provided with an annular slot 420 on its upper face.
  • the two radiating elements 401, 402 are connected by a vertical connection 405 placed in the center of the cell 400 and passing through an opening 406 made in the ground plane 403.
  • the second radiating element 402 comprises, in the example, two diodes 431, 432 of MACOM type MA4AGP907 placed at two opposite ends of the annular slot 420.
  • the anode of the first diode 431 is connected to the conductive surface 422 surrounding the annular slot 420, while the cathode of the same diode 431 is connected to the conductive surface included within the annular slot 420.
  • the anode of the second diode 432 is connected to the conductive surface 421 within the annular slot 420, while the cathode of the second diode 432 is connected to the conductive surface 422 surrounding the annular slot 420.
  • the polarization of the diodes 431, 432 is effected by a conductive line 407 placed on the lower face of the second substrate 452 and connected to the second radiating element 402 by a second through connection 405 '.
  • This through connection 405 ' is placed on the center line, shown in dotted lines on the figure 4a of this second element 402, so that the connection point 413 connecting the through connection 405 'and the second element 402 corresponds to a point of zero voltage between the second element 402 and the ground plane 403; this position minimizing the disturbance of the second radiating element 402 by this through connection 405 '.
  • connection 405 "connects the first radiator 401 and the ground plane 403.
  • the diodes 431, 432 are controlled by a positive or negative current between the conductive line 407 and the ground plane 403.
  • the diodes 433, 434 are then inverted polarized, to place them in opposite states passing / blocked or blocked. passing.
  • the conductive line 407 is connected to the first radiating element 401 and the ground plane 403 is connected to the radiating surface 422 of the second radiating element 402; in this case, the polarization of the switches follows the same principle but is reversed.
  • the figure 5 illustrates, by curves, the evolution of the reflection coefficients S11 and transmission S21 of the cell 400 of the Figures 4a, 4b and 4c depending on the frequency of the signal transmitted by this cell.
  • the transmission losses are identical in the two polarization states of the diodes (that is, if the first switch is off and the second switch is on, or if the first switch is on and the second switch is off); these losses are equal to 1.8 dB at the frequency of 9.5 GHz, which is much better than the performance obtained with the achievements of the prior art.
  • the bandwidth at -3 dB is 1.75 GHz, or about 17%.
  • the figure 6 shows an example of a transmitter network comprising reconfigurable cells according to the invention.
  • the network 600 of this example comprises a square of 7 ⁇ 7 cells 601 identical, each of which can be controlled independently, so as to control the radiation pattern of the network.
  • Such a transmitter network can be used in military radar systems at microwave frequencies. It can also be used in applications such as terrestrial or satellite long-distance communications systems, short or medium-range wireless links (eg wireless LAN or wireless metro network), or radar or imaging at millimeter or submillimeter frequencies.
  • military radar systems at microwave frequencies. It can also be used in applications such as terrestrial or satellite long-distance communications systems, short or medium-range wireless links (eg wireless LAN or wireless metro network), or radar or imaging at millimeter or submillimeter frequencies.
  • An advantage of the cell according to the invention is its simplicity of implementation. Indeed, the switches are not necessarily implanted inside the cell, but can be implemented according to the embodiments of the outer side and on one side moreover.
  • the cell according to the invention has low losses, particularly because of the use of only two switches.
  • the losses are identical in the two phase states, because these two states are generated by symmetrical configurations.
  • the cell according to the invention can benefit from bandwidth widening techniques.
  • the radiating elements or patches may be designed to operate over a wide bandwidth, using a low permittivity substrate and coupled patches above each of the patch antennas of the cell.
  • the cell according to the invention operates according to a switching principle between several feed points of the antenna, as opposed to the principle of disturbance or switching of resonators which are inherently low band.
  • the dimensions of the cell are reduced, in particular by virtue of the connection mode between the two radiating elements, which makes it possible to have a cell whose lateral dimensions are less than half a wavelength. It is also desirable to have cells of small dimensions (that is to say less than or equal to half a wavelength) to optimize their efficiency.
  • the structure may be entirely symmetrical in the sense that the two radiating elements can be identical and both provided with a rectangular or annular slot in the middle separating the conductive surfaces.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Strahlende Zelle (200, 300, 400) zum Bilden einer Antenne, die in ein Netzwerk (600) integriert werden und Mikrowellensignale senden kann, wobei die Zelle ein erstes strahlendes Element (201) und ein zweites strahlendes Element (202) umfasst, die durch eine durchgehende Verbindung verbunden und auf beiden Seiten einer Ground-Plane (203) angeordnet sind, wobei das zweite strahlende Element (202) wenigstens eine strahlungsfähige leitende Oberfläche (221, 222) aufweist, wobei das zweite strahlende Element (202) erste und zweite disjunkte Oberflächen aufweist, die elektrisch voneinander isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie wenigstens ein erstes und ein zweites Schaltmittel (231, 232) umfasst, wobei die Mittel jeweils einen Durchlass- und einen Sperrzustand zwischen zwei Ports aufweisen, wobei einer der Ports mit dem zweiten strahlenden Element verbunden ist, wobei die Schaltmittel entgegengesetzt gesteuert werden, so dass, wenn das erste Schaltmittel im Durchlasszustand ist, das zweite Mittel im Sperrzustand ist, wobei diese ersten und zweiten Schaltmittel ferner so gesteuert werden, dass der in der leitenden Fläche (221, 222) fließende Strom gegenphasig ist je nachdem, ob das erste Schaltmittel (231) im Durchlasszustand ist oder das zweite Schaltmittel (232) im Durchlasszustand ist.
  2. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste und zweite Fläche eine planare Antenne bilden, wobei die erste Fläche (221) mit dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Fläche (222) periphere leitende Zonen des zweiten strahlenden Elements (202) umfasst, wobei die Schaltmittel (231, 232) an der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten Fläche (221) und der zweiten Fläche (222) angeordnet sind.
  3. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 2, wobei die erste leitende Fläche (221) des zweiten strahlenden Elements (202) über die durchgehende Verbindung (205) mit dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) verbunden ist.
  4. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 3, wobei mehrere leitende Flächen (221, 222) durch einen Spalt isoliert sind, der um eine Verbindungsstelle (212) zwischen der ersten Fläche (221) und der durchgehenden Verbindung (205) gebildet wird.
  5. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Schaltmittel (231) relativ zueinander auf symmetrische Weise relativ zur Mitte des zweiten strahlenden Elements (202) angeordnet sind.
  6. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Verbindungsstelle (212) zwischen der ersten Fläche (221) und der durchgehenden Verbindung (205) in der Mitte des zweiten strahlenden Elements (202) befindet.
  7. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Verbindungsstelle (212) zwischen der ersten Fläche (221) und der durchgehenden Verbindung (205) außerhalb einer mittleren Zone des zweiten strahlenden Elements (202) befindet.
  8. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste und die zweite Fläche eine planare Antenne bilden, wobei die erste Fläche (221) eine untere Fläche ist, die nahe der Ground-Plane (203) angeordnet und mit dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Fläche (222) eine obere Fläche ist, die gegenüber der unteren Fläche angeordnet ist, wobei das erste Schaltmittel (231) zwischen der unteren Fläche und dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) angeordnet ist und das zweite Schaltmittel zwischen der oberen Fläche und dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) angeordnet ist, und wobei jedes der beiden Schaltmittel eine durchgehende Verbindung bildet und wobei wenigstens eine Verbindungsstelle zwischen jeweils der unteren oder der oberen Fläche und dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) für diese durchgehende Verbindung vorgesehen ist.
  9. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, wobei das erste strahlende Element (301) eine planare Antenne bildet, deren Verbindungsstelle (311) sich zwischen dem ersten strahlenden Element (301) und der durchgehenden Verbindung (305) in der Mitte des ersten strahlenden Elements (301) befindet, das eine Isolierzone (320) aufweist, die die Verbindungsstelle (311) wenigstens teilweise umgibt, um eine Leitung (341) zu bilden, die die Verbindungsstelle (311) mit einer peripheren Zone (361) des ersten strahlende Elements (301) verbindet.
  10. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, wobei das erste strahlende Element (201) eine planare Antenne bildet, deren Verbindungsstelle (211) zwischen dem ersten strahlenden Element (201) und der durchgehenden Verbindung (205) sich außerhalb der Mitte dieses ersten strahlenden Elements (201) befindet.
  11. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Winkelposition des ersten strahlenden Elements (201) um eine Achse orthogonal zur Ebene dieses Elements (201), die durch die Verbindungsstelle (211) verläuft, in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Polarisation des von der Zelle gesendeten Signals gewählt wird.
  12. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Ground-Plane (403) mit dem ersten strahlenden Element (401) verbunden ist, wobei die Zelle (400) eine Steuerleitung (407) umfasst, die mit der zweiten Fläche (422) des zweiten Elements (402) verbunden ist, wobei die Steuerleitung (407) zum Führen eines elektrischen Stroms zum Polarisieren der Schaltmittel (431, 432) ausgelegt ist.
  13. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Ground-Plane (403) mit der zweiten Fläche (422) des zweiten strahlenden Elements (402) verbunden ist, wobei die Zelle (400) eine Steuerleitung (407) umfasst, die mit dem ersten strahlenden Element (401) verbunden ist, wobei die Steuerleitung (407) zum Führen eines elektrischen Stroms zum Polarisieren der Schaltmittel (431, 432) ausgelegt ist.
  14. Strahlende Zelle nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei die Ground-Plane (403) und die Steuerleitung (407) mit den strahlenden Elementen (401, 402) über durch wenigstens eine dielektrische Schicht (451, 452) gehende Verbindungen (405', 405") verbunden sind.
  15. Strahlende Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei die ersten Schaltmittel eine Diode (431) sind, deren Anode mit der zweiten Fläche (422) verbunden ist und deren Kathode mit der ersten Fläche (421) verbunden ist, wobei die zweiten Schaltmittel eine Diode (432) sind, deren Anode mit der zweiten Fläche verbunden ist und deren Kathode mit der ersten Fläche (421) verbunden ist.
  16. Sendernetzwerk (600), das wenigstens zwei strahlende Zellen (601) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst, wobei jede der beiden Zellen (601) so gesteuert wird, dass sie den Phasenzustand des von dieser Zelle gesendeten Signals modifiziert, um das Strahlungsdiagramm des Netzwerks zu konfigurieren.
EP11802728.3A 2010-12-24 2011-12-21 Strahlende zelle mit zwei phasenzuständen für ein sendendes netzwerk Active EP2656438B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1061253A FR2969832B1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Cellule rayonnante a deux etats de phase pour reseau transmetteur
PCT/EP2011/073565 WO2012085067A1 (fr) 2010-12-24 2011-12-21 Cellule rayonnante a deux etats de phase pour reseau transmetteur

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Publication number Publication date
US20130271346A1 (en) 2013-10-17
FR2969832A1 (fr) 2012-06-29
WO2012085067A1 (fr) 2012-06-28
FR2969832B1 (fr) 2013-01-18
US9099775B2 (en) 2015-08-04
EP2656438A1 (de) 2013-10-30

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