EP1305846B1 - Doppelpolarisierter aktiver mikrowellenreflektor, insbesondere für antenne mit elektronischer strahlschwenkung - Google Patents

Doppelpolarisierter aktiver mikrowellenreflektor, insbesondere für antenne mit elektronischer strahlschwenkung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1305846B1
EP1305846B1 EP01958154A EP01958154A EP1305846B1 EP 1305846 B1 EP1305846 B1 EP 1305846B1 EP 01958154 A EP01958154 A EP 01958154A EP 01958154 A EP01958154 A EP 01958154A EP 1305846 B1 EP1305846 B1 EP 1305846B1
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Prior art keywords
reflector
phase shift
layer
guides
microwave
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01958154A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1305846A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Thales Intellectual Property CHEKROUN
Serge Thales Intellectual Property DRABOWITCH
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bi-polarization active electron-beam reflector capable of being illuminated by a microwave source to form an antenna.
  • antennas comprising an active microwave reflector.
  • the latter also called “reflect array” in the Anglo-Saxon literature, is a network of electronically controllable phase shifters.
  • This network extends in a plane and comprises an array of phase-controlled elements, or phased array, disposed in front of reflector means, constituted for example by a ground plane forming a ground plane.
  • the reflector network comprises in particular elementary cells each performing the electronically variable reflection and phase shift, of the microwave wave it receives.
  • a primary source for example a horn, arranged in front of the reflector network emits microwave waves towards the latter.
  • a patent US-A-3,706,998 presents an antenna with two polarizations with nested networks.
  • An object of the invention is in particular to allow the realization of an electronic scanning antenna using an active reflector network and operating in two independent polarizations.
  • the subject of the invention is an active microwave reflector capable of receiving an electromagnetic wave comprising two interwoven waveguide arrays. The bottom of each guide is closed by a circuit performing the reflection and phase shift of the wave it receives, a network being intended to receive a polarization and the other network being intended to receive a polarization perpendicular to the previous one.
  • An embodiment may be as defined by claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an electronic scanning antenna comprising a reflector as defined above.
  • This antenna may for example be of the "Reflect Array” type or of the Cassegrain type.
  • the invention has the particular advantage that it provides a compact reflector and low weight, it is simple to implement and it is economical.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an electron-ray scanning antenna with an active reflector network facing an orthonormal Oxyz coordinate system.
  • the microwave distribution is for example of the so-called optical type, that is to say for example provided by means of a primary source illuminating the reflector network.
  • the antenna comprises a primary source 1, for example a horn.
  • the primary source 1 transmits microwave waves 3 to the active reflector network 4 disposed in the Oxy plane.
  • This reflector network 4 comprises a set of elementary cells performing the reflection and phase shift of the waves they receive.
  • the primary source 1 may be double polarized.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the principle of producing a reflector according to the invention.
  • the latter comprises two networks of waveguides 21, 22 nested. These guides are seen according to F, that is to say according to a front view of the reflector 4.
  • the figure thus represents in particular the section of the guides in the plane Oxy, the walls of the guides extending in the direction Oz.
  • Each guide belongs to an elementary cell as mentioned above.
  • a first array of guides 21 is intended to receive the vertical polarization and a second array of guides 22 is intended to receive the horizontal polarization.
  • the incident microwave waves penetrate the guides.
  • Each guide 21, 22 is short-circuited by a phase-shifter as described for example in the patent application French n ° 97 01326 , controllable in two to four bits or more.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a phase shift cell.
  • This therefore comprises a guide 21, 22 and a phase shift circuit 31, the latter being arranged at the bottom of the guide in the plane Oxy.
  • a phase shifter circuit 31 comprises at least one conductive wire 32, 33 itself carrying at least two semiconductors D 1 , D 2 , for example two-state diodes. Conductor wires and diodes are placed on a support dielectric 34 whose opposite face comprises a conductive plane reflecting the microwave wave. This conductive plane is for example in electrical contact with the walls of the guide 21, 22.
  • An elementary cell 31 thus realizes the reflection and the phase shift of the microwave wave 3 that it receives for the wave component whose polarization is substantially parallel to the son son 32, 33.
  • the cell as shown in Figure 3 acts on a polarized wave in the direction Oy parallel to the direction of the son of conductive 32, 33 of the cell.
  • horizontal polarization only the guides intended to receive this polarization are active, the others being short-circuited.
  • vertical polarization only the guides intended to receive this polarization are active, the others being short-circuited.
  • Figures 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate a possible nesting mode of the two guide arrays.
  • Figure 4a shows three guides 21 of the first network, representing a mesh, intended for example to receive the vertical polarization.
  • Figure 4b shows three guides 22 of the second network, representing a mesh, intended for example to receive the horizontal polarization.
  • the two networks are intended to receive cross-polarization waves, the second network of guides 22 being assigned to a polarization perpendicular to the polarization of the first network of guides 21.
  • the section of each guide comprises a midpoint C. Since this section is angular, the midpoint C is the intersection of its two median lines.
  • the sections of the guides are represented in the plane Oxy of the reflector.
  • the Ox axis corresponds to the direction of a first polarization.
  • the axis Oy corresponds to the direction of the second polarization, crossed with respect to the previous one.
  • FIG. 4a thus presents a first network of guides 21 intended to receive the vertical polarizations.
  • the network has several sets of aligned guides.
  • a guide line extends in the horizontal direction Ox and the set of lines extends in the direction Vertical Oy.
  • the centers C of two consecutive guides 21 are separated by a distance d.
  • Two consecutive lines are separated by a distance h, according to Oy, and offset relative to each other by the distance d / 2, according to Ox.
  • two median lines 41, 42 consecutive are distant from h, the center lines being the center lines of the guides taken according to Ox. Between two consecutive lines, there is a shift of d / 2 of the middle points of the guides.
  • Figure 4b shows the second array of guides 22 for receiving horizontal polarization.
  • the arrangement of the guides is similar to that of the network of Figure 4a, but with a rotation of the whole 90 °.
  • the lines extend along the axis Oy and the set of lines extends along the axis Ox.
  • the centers C of two consecutive guides 22 are separated by a distance d.
  • Two consecutive lines are separated by a distance h, according to Ox, and offset relative to each other by the distance d / 2, according to Oy.
  • two consecutive median lines 43, 44 are distant. of h, the median lines being the median lines of the guides taken according to Oy. Between two consecutive lines, there is a shift of d / 2 of the middle points of the guides.
  • FIG. 4c defines the nesting of the two guide arrays by showing how a guide 22 of a network is positioned relative to the guides 21 of the other network.
  • This guide 22 is contiguous with guides 21 of the other network.
  • the guide 22 is contiguous to four guides 21 of the other network.
  • the midpoint C of this guide 22 is aligned with the middle points of the two pairs of guides 21 flanking the guide 22.
  • a mesh is thus obtained as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the distance d between the middle points C of two consecutive guides of the same line is then equal ⁇ for example and the distance h between the medians 41, 42, 43, 44 of two consecutive lines is for example ⁇ / 2.
  • the inner dimensions of a waveguide are 1.8 cm and 0.9 cm, and the distances d and h are respectively 3 cm and 1.5 cm. This mesh allows in particular a misalignment of the beam reflected by the reflector 4 on a cone of about 60 °.
  • FIG. 5 presents, in a sectional view, the possible constituent layers of a reflector according to the invention. It comprises at least three layers 51, 52, 53.
  • a first layer 51 comprises the phase-shift microwave circuits, that is to say in particular the diodes D 1 , D 2 , the conducting wires which carry them and the connection circuits. associates.
  • the microwave circuits are for example supported by a substrate 54. On the face opposite to the microwave circuits, this substrate is covered with a metallized layer 56, forming a conductive plane, whose particular function is to reflect the microwave waves 3.
  • the thickness e h of the substrate is for example of the order of 3 mm, the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r being of the order of 2.5.
  • a second layer 52 comprises the control circuits 55 of the diodes D 1 , D 2 of the phase shifters.
  • This layer also ensures the connection between the control circuits and the diodes.
  • it has for example the structure of a multilayer printed circuit comprising interconnection planes of the control circuits to the microwave circuits.
  • a third layer 53 arranged opposite the microwave circuits D 1 , D 2 comprises the two waveguide gratings.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible embodiment of the waveguide layer 53.
  • the walls of the guides 21, 22 are formed by metallized holes 61, 62 oriented in the direction Oz. These metallized holes could be replaced by conductive son, that is to say straight electrical conductors, oriented in the direction Oz.
  • the guides thus produced have for example common wall portions, that is to say that metallized holes 63, 64 are common to two guides. In this case, two neighboring guides have metallized holes in common.
  • the metallized holes are made in a plate of dielectric material of thickness eg, this thickness constituting the length of the guides.
  • the metallized holes are close enough to act as walls of waveguides. These metallized holes 61, 62 thus cross the entire third layer 53.
  • certain metallized holes 61, 64 may extend in the layer 52 comprising the control circuits. These holes which extend allow in particular to electrically connect the control circuits to the diodes of the phase-shifter circuits of the microwave layer 51. These metallized holes 61, 64 thus convey the control of the diodes and the power supply circuits. They are for example connected to the different interconnection planes of the control layer 52.
  • the metallized holes 61, 64 shown in black are also used for the supply and control of the microwave circuits. These holes 61, 64 pass through the conductive plane 56 without electrical contact with the latter.
  • the other holes 62, 63 stop for example at this conductive plane 56, in electrical contact with the latter.
  • the thickness e g of the waveguide layer is for example of the order of one centimeter.
  • the weight of a reflector according to the invention is low because of the low weight of the different layers. . Moreover, despite the waveguide layer, the reflector remains compact.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a complementary embodiment making it possible in particular to reduce the active standing wave ratio (TOS) in the guides.
  • the inlet of the guides 21, 22 comprises an iris 71 of rectangular opening, the assembly being closed by a dielectric plate 72.
  • the waveguide layer 53 may be covered with a layer forming the irises, the assembly being closed by a dielectric layer.
  • a reflector according to the invention can be used for different types of antennas. It can be used as shown in Figure 1 to form a antenna of the "reflect array” type. Similarly, it can be used in a Cassegrain type antenna. In the latter case, the primary source is placed in the center of the reflector and illuminates an auxiliary reflector. The latter in turn illuminates, by reflection, the reflector according to the invention.
  • a reflector or an antenna according to the invention are simple to implement. They are also economical because the components and technologies used are cheap.
  • the invention also provides all the advantages associated with bipolarization.
  • An antenna according to the invention can thus for example be used for polarimetric measurements on targets, in particular by transmitting on one polarization and receiving on the other polarization. It can be used in telecommunication applications, for example bi-band.

Claims (9)

  1. Aktiver Mikrowellenreflektor, der eine elektromagnetische Welle (3) empfangen kann, mit zwei Netzen von Wellenleitern (21, 22), wobei der Boden jedes Wellenleiters von einer Phasenverschiebungsschaltung (31) verschlossen wird, die die Reflexion und die Phasenverschiebung der Welle durchführt, die sie empfängt, wobei ein Netz dazu bestimmt ist, eine Polarisation zu empfangen und das andere Netz dazu bestimmt ist, eine Polarisation lotrecht zur vorhergehenden zu empfangen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Netze so verschachtelt sind, dass:
    - ein erstes Netz mehrere Gruppen von fluchtend ausgerichteten Wellenleitern (21) mit Rechteckquerschnitt aufweist, wobei sich eine Zeile gemäß einer Richtung Ox erstreckt und sich die Gesamtheit der Zeilen gemäß einer lotrechten Richtung Oy erstrecken, wobei in einer Zeile die Mitten C der Querschnitte von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Wellenleitern (21) um einen Abstand d getrennt sind, während zwei aufeinanderfolgende Zeilen um einen Abstand h=d/2 gemäß Oy getrennt und zueinander um den Abstand d/2 gemäß Ox verschoben sind;
    - das zweite Netz mehrere Gruppen von Wellenleitern (22) aufweist, die in der gleichen Weise wie im ersten Netz fluchtend ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Zeilen winkelmäßig um 90° bezüglich denjenigen des ersten Netzes verschoben sind.
  2. Reflektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens drei Schichten aufweist:
    - eine Schicht (51), die die Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen aufweist;
    - eine Schicht (52), die die Steuerschaltungen (55) der Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen aufweist, wobei diese Schicht außerdem die Verbindung zwischen den Steuerschaltungen und den Dioden gewährleistet;
    - eine Schicht (53), die gegenüber den Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen angeordnet ist und die zwei Netze von Wellenleitern (21, 22) aufweist.
  3. Reflektor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wände der Wellenleiter (21, 22) von geradlinigen angenäherten elektrischen Leitern (61, 62, 63, 64) hergestellt werden, die die Schicht (53) durchqueren und lotrecht zur Ebene (Oxy) der Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen ausgerichtet sind.
  4. Reflektor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenleiter (21, 22) außerdem die Schicht (51) durchqueren, die die Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen aufweist, wobei die Leiter die Mikrowellenentkopplung zwischen benachbarten Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen gewährleisten.
  5. Reflektor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Leiter in die Steuerschicht (52) eindringen, um Steuersignale zu der Schicht (51) zu transportieren, die die Phasenverschiebungsschaltungen enthält.
  6. Reflektor nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiter metallbeschichtete Löcher sind.
  7. Reflektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Phasenverschiebungsschaltung (31) mindestens einen Leiterdraht (32, 33) aufweist, der selbst mindestens zwei Halbleiter (D1, D2) mit zwei Zuständen trägt, wobei die Leiterdrähte und die Halbleiter auf einem dielektrischen Träger (34) angeordnet sind, dessen gegenüberliegende Seite eine leitende Ebene aufweist, die die Mikrowelle reflektiert, wobei die Phasenverschiebungsschaltung die Welle, die sie empfängt, für die Komponente der Welle reflektiert und in Phase verschiebt, deren Polarisation im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Leiterdrähten ist.
  8. Mikrowellenantenne mit elektronischer Abtastung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Reflektor (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und eine Mikrowellenquelle (1) aufweist, die den Reflektor beleuchtet.
  9. Mikrowellenantenne mit elektronischer Abtastung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Reflektor (4) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 aufweist, um eine Antenne vom Typ Cassegrain zu bilden, wobei eine Mikrowellenquelle nahe der Mitte des Reflektors (4) angeordnet ist, um einen Hilfsreflektor zu beleuchten, der den Reflektor (4) durch Reflexion beleuchtet.
EP01958154A 2000-07-28 2001-07-20 Doppelpolarisierter aktiver mikrowellenreflektor, insbesondere für antenne mit elektronischer strahlschwenkung Expired - Lifetime EP1305846B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0009975A FR2812457B1 (fr) 2000-07-28 2000-07-28 Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a bi-polarisation, notamment pour antenne a balalyage electronique
FR0009975 2000-07-28
PCT/FR2001/002383 WO2002011238A1 (fr) 2000-07-28 2001-07-20 Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a bipolarisation, notamment pour antenne a balayage electronique

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EP1305846A1 EP1305846A1 (de) 2003-05-02
EP1305846B1 true EP1305846B1 (de) 2007-09-19

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US (1) US6703980B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1305846B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004505582A (de)
AU (1) AU2001279889A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2385787A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60130561T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2812457B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002011238A1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
DE60130561T2 (de) 2008-06-19
AU2001279889A1 (en) 2002-02-13
US6703980B2 (en) 2004-03-09
CA2385787A1 (fr) 2002-02-07
FR2812457A1 (fr) 2002-02-01
WO2002011238A1 (fr) 2002-02-07
DE60130561D1 (de) 2007-10-31
JP2004505582A (ja) 2004-02-19
EP1305846A1 (de) 2003-05-02
FR2812457B1 (fr) 2004-05-28
US20020145492A1 (en) 2002-10-10

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