EP0205212B1 - Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten - Google Patents

Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0205212B1
EP0205212B1 EP86200958A EP86200958A EP0205212B1 EP 0205212 B1 EP0205212 B1 EP 0205212B1 EP 86200958 A EP86200958 A EP 86200958A EP 86200958 A EP86200958 A EP 86200958A EP 0205212 B1 EP0205212 B1 EP 0205212B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
horns
antenna
array
waveguides
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP86200958A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0205212A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel Société Civile S.P.I.D. Rammos
Bernard Michel Société Civile S.P.I.D. Byzery
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Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave antenna for reception on emission of a rectilinearly polarized wave, comprising at least one unit module comprising four radiating elements in the form of horns whose openings form a two-dimensional pattern in a plane parallel to a plane of reference P, and comprising a supply network composed of rectangular section waveguides connected on the one hand to the horns and on the other hand between them so that for each horn the total length of the feed path is the same , the section of the waveguides being of dimensions a and b defined by the relations a> b, and the small dimension b being placed parallel to the reference plane P in the planar network so that the latter is able to propagate the mode TEoi, this supply network being of the so-called "planar” type because it is distributed in a single plane parallel to the reference plane P, and of the so-called “arborized” type because that the horns are supplied in phase using power dividers.
  • the invention finds its application, for example in the production of flat antennas for the reception of television broadcasts retransmitted by artificial satellites.
  • An antenna comprising radiating elements in the form of horns supplied by waveguides is also known from patent DE 2641711.
  • This document describes a linear antenna module, consisting of a row of horns machined from a fiber block. glass with metallic surfaces.
  • This row of horns is supplied on the one hand by a main line and on the other hand by individual lines connected to the main line.
  • the main line is of rectangular section, machined in aluminum and can be filled with a dielectric material. It is carried out so as to form in the plane of the electric field E a stepped power divider making it possible to supply at equal power the waveguides which ensure the individual connection of the horns with the main line.
  • Each of these waveguides is formed by a laminated structure comprising a dielectric material interposed between two layers of copper, the edges of this structure being metallized.
  • the length of the individual feed guides, as well as their connection point to the main line, are chosen so that for each horn, the length of the feed path composed of the main line and the individual feed line, is the same.
  • Such a structure is provided to allow phase differences in the feeding of the horns to be corrected by shortening some of the individual feeding lines.
  • the antenna module described in the cited document is of linear form, with series supply, which makes it very difficult to feed the horns exactly in phase and therefore it is essential to carry out a adjustment of the length of the individual supply lines to improve this result.
  • the solution proposed by the cited document to solve this problem leads to a complex antenna shape, as well as an assembly and a adjustment too delicate to be carried out for example during a mass production.
  • ⁇ c is the cut-off wavelength of the guides
  • each internal horn mouthpiece of cross section equal to that of the waveguides is individually connected to a waveguide of the grating by an elbow whose angle is in a plane parallel to a plane Q, this plane Q being defined as perpendicular to the reference plane P and parallel to one of he sides of the square opening of the horn as well as to the large dimension a of the internal mouth of the latter, in that
  • the antenna produced according to the present invention offers numerous advantages. First of all, it has losses as low as possible because it is entirely supplied by waveguides excluding any dielectric other than air.
  • the antenna can be produced using only two plates, metallic or even only metallized, by a very simple manufacturing process.
  • the antenna thus produced has excellent mechanical qualities. It is particularly solid, resistant to weathering and aging.
  • this antenna has great technical qualities. It can operate in the microwave domain, for example 12 GHz and over a very wide frequency band. Its directivity and gain performance can even be adapted to the application of reception of television programs relayed by satellites by appropriately calculating the dimensions of the horns and guides.
  • This antenna fulfills one of the essential conditions required for this application: it does not have any secondary lobes of the network. Being an inexpensive flat antenna, it is well suited for consumer applications, and it is easy to install.
  • the antenna module according to the invention consists of four horns, the openings of which form a pattern repeated by simple translation, along two axes parallel to the sides, with the same pitch, in a plane parallel to the reference plane P, as it is shown in Figure 2a, in perspective, seen from above.
  • This module is therefore square in shape in this plane.
  • the supply network of these four horns is shown in perspective in Figure 2b.
  • This network is said to be “planar” because it is distributed in a single plane parallel to the reference plane P.
  • All the waveguides connecting the guides 3 of individual feed of the horns to each other are of the same type as the guides 3, ie "plan É.
  • planar supply network is therefore called "plan É.
  • this network is of the so-called "tree" type.
  • the horns are fed by two symmetrically with respect to a plane parallel to the plane Q, to form two groups of two identical radiating elements. Then the two groups thus formed are supplied symmetrically, with respect to a plane parallel to a plane Q ', this plane Q' being defined as perpendicular both to the reference plane P and to the plane Q as shown in FIG. 4
  • the plane Q ' is defined by the electric field E and the perpendicular oz to the plane P.
  • the supply symmetry of two horns can be obtained by a planar network such as elbows 5 whose angle is located in the plane of the network connect the individual feed guides 3 of these horns to a power divider 6 in the shape of a T in the same plane.
  • the plane of symmetry of the system formed by the two horns, the two elbows 2, the two individual guides 3, the two elbows 5 and the upper bar of the power divider 6, is a plane parallel to Q, the trace of which is I "in Figure 3.
  • the supply symmetry of the two groups of two horns thus formed is obtained by connecting the waveguides 8 from the power dividers 6 by a T-shaped power divider 7 located in the plane of the network.
  • the upper bar of this power divider 7, of output 9, and the guide sections 8 admit as plane of symmetry a plane parallel to Q 'whose trace is J'J "in FIG. 3.
  • the length of the feeding path is exactly the same and the horns are fed perfectly in phase.
  • the waveguide sections 8, the upper bar of the T forming the power divider 7, and the waveguide section 9 output from this divider, are provided curved, as shown in FIGS. 2b and 3 , so that the electric field vector remains perpendicular to the walls of the guides during the propagation of the TEoi mode.
  • a microwave antenna can be formed from a multiple of four of such unit modules supplied to each other by a planar arborized network of the same type as the network distributed inside each module and in the same plane as the latter. In this way the antenna can include the number of radiating elements necessary to obtain the desired gain for the antenna and all the radiating elements of the antenna are however supplied in phase.
  • the waveguide supply network is designed in a plane parallel to the plane of the cone openings, it is possible to make the entire antenna in the form of a planar antenna using only two plates . These plates can be metallic and machined, or even molded plastic whose surfaces are metallized.
  • the antenna consists of two plates 100 and 110, the main faces 101 and 102 for the plate 100, and the main faces 103 and 104 for the plate 110 are parallel to the reference plane.
  • the plate 100 comprises a multiple number of four of unit modules of four horns placed in an adjacent manner, so that all the horns are deduced from each other by a translation of the same pitch in the two directions parallel to the sides of the square openings .
  • the horns are shaped in the thickness of the plate 100 so that the openings are flush with the face 101 and so that the mouths 4 are flush with the face 102, the thickness of the plate 100 being provided equal to the height h of the cones (see Figures 5a and 5b).
  • the plate 110 comprises the elbows 2 and the planar feed network of the antenna formed by grooves made in the hollow on the face 103 of this plate.
  • the grooves have a width b and a depth a and constitute three of the faces of the network waveguides.
  • the application of the face 103 of the plate 110 on the face 102 of the plate 100 forms the fourth face of the rectangular section waveguides of the supply network and connects the horns to the network thus formed.
  • the plate 110 must have a thickness slightly greater than the magnitude a, which gives for the total thickness of the planar antenna thus formed a value slightly greater than the magnitude of a + h.
  • the antenna consists of two plates 200 and 210, the main faces 201 and 202 for the plate 200, and the main faces 203 and 204 for the plate 210 are parallel to the reference plane P.
  • the plate 200 comprises the unit modules placed adjacent to each other, as in the embodiment described above.
  • the horns are shaped in the thickness of the plate 200 so that the openings are flush with the face 201 and so that the mouths are in the thickness of the material forming the plate 200.
  • the latter is provided with a thickness equal to the height h of the horns increased by the value of the dimension has guides.
  • the antenna feed network is formed on the face 202 of the plate 200 in the form of hollow grooves of width b and depth a, and of elbows 2 making it possible to connect the mouths of the horns to the grooves.
  • the plate 210 is a simple blade with parallel faces. The application of the face 203 of the plate 210 on the face 202 of the plate 200 forms the fourth face of the waveguides of the supply network.
  • the antenna used according to one of the embodiments described above is therefore particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture. It can be made in large series. It has great mechanical strength and does not require adjustment during assembly.
  • the plates can also be held opposite one another by screws.
  • this antenna does not include a dielectric, the losses are as low as possible, and on the other hand it is extremely resistant to aging.
  • this antenna is of low volume and low weight. It is therefore particularly easy to set up and its support is then inexpensive.
  • Such an antenna is therefore extremely well suited to general public use for the reception of television broadcasts transmitted by satellites. Indeed in such a reception system the antenna is an important element for two reasons: firstly the quality of reception depends directly on the characteristics of the antenna and secondly, the cost of the antenna and its support as well as the cost of installation and pointing to the satellite largely define the final cost of the reception system.
  • the antenna according to the invention can also have technical characteristics appropriate for the reception of television broadcasts relayed by artificial satellite.
  • an antenna intended for the reception of television programs relayed by satellite must be able to receive a circular polarization, right or left according to the transmitting satellite.
  • the wave is circularly polarized if the end of the electric field vector E describes a circle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
  • the polarization is right circular when E turns clockwise for an observer looking in the direction of propagation.
  • the polarization is left circular in the other case.
  • a circularly polarized wave can be broken down into two linearly polarized waves, perpendicular to each other and phase shifted by ⁇ 7 r / 2.
  • the antenna intended for the envisaged application can therefore be produced according to the following principle: the two perpendicular components, due to the emission by the satellite of a circularly polarized wave, are picked up and then composed with the appropriate phase shift ( ⁇ ⁇ / 2 depending on whether we are dealing with a circular polarization doirte or left).
  • This principle supposes the use in front of the antenna of a depolarizing radome.
  • This radome is designed in such a way that it delays one of the components of the circularly polarized wave, thus causing the necessary phase shift.
  • the two linear polarization waves are thus in phase and their vector composition gives a linearly polarized wave which can be received by an antenna with a single linear polarization such as the antenna according to the present invention.
  • the depolarizing radome is not described here as not being strictly part of the invention.
  • the supply network of the unitary antenna module allows the propagation of the TEoi mode. So that this mode can propagate it is necessary that the large dimension has waveguides which is perpendicular to the electric field É checks the relation (1): where ⁇ c is the cut-off wavelength of the guide. Indeed if the dimension a is too small then the guided wavelength varies too much as a function of the frequency. And conversely if the dimension a is too large, then the guide propagates several modes at the same time.
  • a cut-off frequency can be adopted corresponding to a cut-off wavelength and so
  • the lattice factor F r is a function of the angle e of radiation, the latter being defined as shown in FIG. 10, by the angle between the normal oz to the plane xoy containing the plane P of the antenna, and the direction OM of the radiation.
  • the network factor F r checks the relation (3)
  • n is the number of radiating elements forming the antenna and where d is the distance between radiating elements and ⁇ the length of the propagated wave.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b respectively represent a section of a radiating element parallel to the plane Q therefore to the "plane H", and parallel to the plane Q 'therefore to the "plane E".
  • the gain G e of such a radiating element can be calculated using the relationships given in the work published by Nha-BUI-NA in MASSON editions, entitled "Microwave antennas".
  • the coupling between element can be considered negligible.
  • Adaptations may be provided at the elbows or power dividers to improve these results.
  • this antenna perfectly meets CCIR standards.
  • the radiation diagram obtained perfectly meets the conditions of FIG. 9, both for the envelope Ci and for the envelope C 2 of the cross-polarization diagram.
  • the antenna must have a gain of at least 34 dB.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Mikrowellenantenne zum Empfangen oder Ausstrahlen einer geradlinig polarisierten Welle, mit mindestens einem einheitlichen Modul mit vier hornförmigen Strahlungselementen (1) deren Öffnungen ein zweidimensionales Muster in einer Ebene parallel zu einer Bezugsebene P bilden, und mit einem Speisenetzwerk (6, 7, 8, 9) von Wellenleitern rechteckigen Querschnitts (8, 9), die einerseits mit Hörnern (1) und andererseits miteinander verbunden sind, und zwar derart, daß für jedes Horn (1) die Gesamtlänge der Speisestrecke dieselbe ist, wobei der Querschnitt der Wellenleiter (8, 9) die Abmessungen a und b hat, die durch die Beziehungen a > b bestimmt werden, und wobei die Kleinere Abmessung b parallel zu der Bezugsebene P in dem planaren Netzwerk liegt, so daß dieses imstande ist, den Modus TEo1 fortzupflanzen, wobei dieses Speisenetzwerk (6, 7, 8, 9) von dem sogenannten planaren Typ ist, und zwar wegen der Tatsache, daß es über eine einzige Ebene parallel zu der Bezugsebene P verteilt ist, sowie vom sogenannten verzweigten Typ, wegen der Tatsache, daß die Hörner (1) mit Hilfe von Leistungsteilern (6, 7) phasengleich gespeist werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in diesem Modul die Leistungsteiler (6, 7) T-förmig sind, wobei die Schenkel symmetrisch sind, daß die Öffnungen der Hörner (1) quadratisch sind und in einer Ebene parallel zu der Bezugsebene P ein zweidimensionales quadratisches Netzwerk bilden, das erhalten wird wegen der Tatsache, daß die Öffnungen der Hörner durch geradlinige Verschiebung um denselben Schritt gemäß zu ihren Seiten parallelen Achsen voneinander abgeleitet werden, daß die größere Abmessung a der Wellenleiter (8, 9) a = XJ2 beträgt, wobei X" die Länge der Grenzfrequenz der Wellenleiter ist, daß jede innere Mündung (4) des Horns (1) mit einem Querschnitt, der dem der Wellenleiter entspricht, einzeln durch ein Kniestück (2), dessen Krümmung in einer Ebene parallel zu einer Ebene Q liegt, mit einem Wellenleiter des Netzwerkes (3) verbunden ist, wobei diese Ebene Q als senkrecht zu der Bezugsebene P, parallel zu einer der Seiten der rechteckigen Öffnung des Horns, sowie parallel zu der großen Abmessung a der inneren Mündung dieses Horns definiert ist, daß jeder einzelne Speisewellenleiter linear und mittels eines Kniestücks (2) mit einem der linearen symmetrischen Zweige eines ersten T-förmigen Leistungsteilers (6) verbunden ist, wobei die Krümmung des Kniestücks in der Ebene des Netzwerkes liegt, wobei der Hauptzweig des Leistungsteilers einwärts gekrümmt ist, daß jede Gruppe von zwei Hörnern mit einem der gekrümmten symmetrischen Zweige (8) eines zweiten T-förmigen Leistungsteilers (7) verbunden ist, wobei der Hauptzweig (9) ebenfalls einwärts gekrümmt ist und zwar derart, daß die auf diese Weise gebildeten zwei Gruppen zu je zwei Hörnern gegenüber einer Ebene Q' symmetrisch gespeist werden, wobei diese Ebene als senkrecht zu der Bezugsebene P und gleichzeitig zu einer Ebene Q, und zwar derart, daß die Krümmung der Zweige der beiden Leistungsteiler (6, 7) die Fortpflanzung des Modus TEoi erlaubt, wobei diese Antenne aus zwei Platten (100, 110) gebildet ist, deren Oberflächen elektrisch leitend sind, wobei die Hörner (1) in der Dicke der ersten Platte (100) gebildet sind, wobei die Öffnungen der Hörner an der ersten Fläche (101) der Platte münden und die Mündungen (4) an der zweiten Fläche (102), wobei das Wellenleiter- speisenetzwerk (3) durch Rillen in der ersten Fläche (103) der zweiten Platte (110) gebildet ist, wobei diese Rillen drei der vier Leiterflächen bilden und wobei die Anordnung der zweiten Fläche (102) der ersten Platte (100) an der ersten Fläche (103) der zweiten Platte (110) die vierte Fläche der Wellenleiter (3) sowie die Verbindung mit den Hörnern (1) bildet.
2. Mikrowellenantenne zum Empfangen oder Ausstrahlen einer geradlinig polarisierten Welle, mit mindestens einem einheitlichen Modul mit vier hornförmigen Strahlungselementen (1), deren Öffnungen ein zweidimensionales Muster in einer Ebene parallel zu einer Bezugsebene P bilden, und mit einem Speisenetzwerk (6, 7, 8, 9) von Wellenleitern rechteckigen Querschnitts (8, 9), die einerseits mit Hörnern (1) und andererseits miteinander verbunden sind, und zwar derart, daß für jedes Horn (1) die Gesamtlänge der Speisestrecke dieselbe ist, wobei der Querschnitt der Wellenleiter (8, 9) die Abmessungen a und b hat, die durch die Beziehungen a > b bestimmt werden, und wobei die Kleinere Abmessung b parallel zu der Bezugsebene P in dem planaren Netzwerk liegt, so daß dieses imstande ist, den Modus TEoi fortzupflanzen, wobei dieses Speisenetzwerk (6, 7, 8, 9) von dem sogenannten planaren Typ ist, und zwar wegen der Tatsache, daß es über eine einzige Ebene parallel zu der Bezugsebene P verteilt ist, sowie vom sogenannten verzweigten Typ, wegen der Tatsache, daß die Hörner (1) mit Hilfe von Leistungsteilern (6, 7) phasengleich gespeist werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in diesem Modul die Leistungsteiler (6, 7) T-förmig sind, wobei die Schenkel symmetrisch sind, daß die Öffnungen der Hörner (1) quadratisch sind und in einer Ebene parallel zu der Bezugsebene P ein zweidimensionales quadratisches Netzwerk bilden, das erhalten wird wegen der Tatsache, daß die Öffnungen der Hörner durch geradlinige Verschiebung um denselben Schritt gemäß zu ihren Seiten parallelen Achsen voneinander abgeleitet werden, daß die größere Abmessung a der Wellenleiter (8, 9) a = ÀJ2 beträgt, wobei Àc die Länge der Grenzfrequenz der Wellenleiter ist, daß jede innere Mündung (4) des Horns (1) mit einem Querschnitt, der dem der Wellenleiter entspricht, einzeln durch ein Kniestück (2), dessen Krümmung in einer Ebene parallel zu einer Ebene Q liegt, mit einem Wellenleiter des Netzwerkes (3) verbunden ist, wobei diese Ebene Q als senkrecht zu der Bezugsebene P, parallel zu einer der Seiten der rechteckigen Öffnung des Horns, sowie parallel zu der großen Abmessung a der inneren Mündung dieses Horns definiert ist, daß jeder einzelne Speisewellenleiter linear und mittels eines Kniestücks (2) mit einem der linearen symmetrischen Zweige eines ersten T-förmigen Leistungsteilers (6) verbunden ist, wobei die Krümmung des Kniestücks in der Ebene des Netzwerkes liegt, wobei der Hauptzweig des Leistungsteilers einwärts gekrümmt ist, daß jede Gruppe von zwei Hörnern mit einem der gekrümmten symmetrischen Zweige (8) eines zweiten T-förmigen Leistungsteilers (7) verbunden ist, wobei der Hauptzweig (9) ebenfalls einwärts gekrümmt ist und zwar derart, daß die auf diese Weise gebildeten zwei Gruppen zu je zwei Hörnern gegenüber einer Ebene Q' symmetrisch gespeist werden, wobei diese Ebene als senkrecht zu der Bezugsebene P und gleichzeitig zu einer Ebene Q definiert ist, und zwar derart, daß die Krümmung der Zweige der beiden Leistungsteiler (6, 7) die Fortpflanzung des Modus TEoi erlaubt, wobei diese Antenne aus zwei Platten (200, 210) gebildet ist, deren Oberflächen elektrisch leitend sind, wobei die Hörner in der Dicke der ersten Platte (200) gebildet sind, wobei die Öffnungen der Hörner an der ersten Fläche (201) der Platte münden und die Mündungen an der zweiten Fläche (202), wobei das Wellenleiterspeisenetzwerk (3) durch leere Rillen in dieser zweiten Fläche (202) gebildet ist, wobei diese Rillen drei der vier Leiterflächen bilden, wobei die zweite Platte (210) eine erste ebene Fläche (203) bildet und wobei die Anordnung der zweiten Fläche der ersten Platte (202) an der ersten Fläche (203) der zweiten Platte (210) die vierte Fläche der Wellenleiter (3) sowie die Verbindung mit den Hörnern (1) bildet.
3. Mikrowellenantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Vielzahl von vier einheitlichen Modulen aufweist, die untereinander durch ein planares verzweigtes Netzwerk gespeist wird von demselben Typ wie das Netzwerk, das im Innern jedes Moduls (6, 7, 8, 9) verteilt ist und in derselben Ebene liegt wie dieses letztere Netzwerk, so daß alle Hörner (1) der Antenne phasengleich gespeist werden.
4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten (100, 110, 200, 210) aus einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff bestehen.
5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten (100, 110, 200, 210) aus einem dielektrischen Werkstoff bestehen, wobei die Oberflächen mit einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff bedeckt sind.
EP86200958A 1985-06-04 1986-06-02 Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten Expired - Lifetime EP0205212B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508398 1985-06-04
FR8508398A FR2582864B1 (fr) 1985-06-04 1985-06-04 Modules unitaires d'antenne hyperfrequences et antenne hyperfrequences comprenant de tels modules

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EP0205212A1 EP0205212A1 (de) 1986-12-17
EP0205212B1 true EP0205212B1 (de) 1991-11-27

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US (1) US4743915A (de)
EP (1) EP0205212B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6236905A (de)
DE (1) DE3682622D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2582864B1 (de)

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DE3682622D1 (de) 1992-01-09
US4743915A (en) 1988-05-10
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FR2582864A1 (fr) 1986-12-05
FR2582864B1 (fr) 1987-07-31

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