EP0667984B1 - Monopolantenne mit platten- und stabstrahlern - Google Patents

Monopolantenne mit platten- und stabstrahlern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667984B1
EP0667984B1 EP94926276A EP94926276A EP0667984B1 EP 0667984 B1 EP0667984 B1 EP 0667984B1 EP 94926276 A EP94926276 A EP 94926276A EP 94926276 A EP94926276 A EP 94926276A EP 0667984 B1 EP0667984 B1 EP 0667984B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
wires
capacitive
radiating
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94926276A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0667984A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Delaveaud
Bernard Jecko
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Universite de Limoges
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Universite de Limoges
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Publication of EP0667984A1 publication Critical patent/EP0667984A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a monopolar wire-plate antenna of the type comprising a ground plane, a first radiating element under the form of a capacitive roof capable of being connected to a generator or to a receiver via a power wire, and a second radiating element in the form of a radiating conducting wire connecting the roof capacitive to the ground plane.
  • Such an antenna is known from document FR-A-2 668 859.
  • This antenna is composed of two metal surfaces arranged with on either side of a dielectric substrate. One of these surfaces, generally the largest, constitutes the ground plane and the other surface constitutes the capacitive roof.
  • the antenna is supplied by through the supply wire consisting of a coaxial probe which crosses the ground plane and the substrate and is connected to the capacitive roof.
  • This antenna has the distinction of having a conductive wire additional active, radiating, parallel to the coaxial probe that connects the ground plane to the capacitive roof. This thread performs a return to earth.
  • Such an antenna is the seat of two phenomena resonance, hence the name of double resonance antenna which is sometimes called given.
  • the physical parameters of the antenna namely the permittivity of the electrical substrate, its thickness, the radius of the supply wire, the radius of the radiating wire, the distance between the two wires as well as the shape and the dimensions of the capacitive roof and the ground plane, can a priori have any values.
  • the proper functioning of the antenna depends on the relationships between these parameters which limit the possibilities and impose constraints that are sometimes difficult to comply with technological point of view.
  • a substrate with a very low dielectric constant ( ⁇ r ⁇ 2) a distance between the coaxial probe and the very weak radiating wire compared to the wavelength d 'emission (d ⁇ o / 50) and a radius of the coaxial probe at least 5 times less than that of the radiating wire.
  • ⁇ r ⁇ 2 the dielectric constant
  • d 'emission d ⁇ o / 50
  • a radius of the coaxial probe at least 5 times less than that of the radiating wire.
  • the shape of the capacitive roof is practically arbitrary and only its surface plays a role.
  • it is preferable from the point of view of the adaptation of the aerial that its height is relatively large but does not exceed ⁇ o / 18.
  • the shape and dimensions of the ground plane only slightly modify the adaptation of the antenna when its surface is at least 10 times greater than that of the capacitive roof, but can significantly modify the radiation pattern, as in all monopolar radiation antennas.
  • this antenna mainly results from a coupling phenomenon between the supply probe and the radiating wire or no cavity resonance mode is involved.
  • the antenna described in the aforementioned document has opposite antennas of the prior art the advantages of being relatively simple in its design and implementation, to have dimensions low compared to the wavelength of use, to be able to be properly matched with a suitable gain, to have a band higher bandwidth than a conventional plated antenna and a radiation of monopolar type stable as a function of frequency, and of can be used in a network, however, it has certain disadvantages.
  • the dimensions of the wires and the distance between the wires must be much less than the working wavelength ⁇ , which is a source of technological and fragile difficulties, particularly in the microwave.
  • the dimensions although already far below the wavelength, are still too great for mobile applications.
  • the substrate used at a dielectric constant too different from 1 the antenna is difficult to adapt and its bandwidth is relatively low.
  • the shape of monopolar radiation is not easily adjustable, for example to obtain a higher maximum gain or to obtain a greater spatial coverage.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a monopolar wire-plate antenna comprising a ground plane, a first radiating element under the form of a capacitive roof capable of being connected to a generator or to a receiver via a power wire and a second radiating element in the form of a conductive wire connecting said capacitive roof on the ground plane, characterized in that it comprises a plurality at least one of said radiating elements, the dimensions of said capacitive roof being sufficient small relative to the working wavelength so that the antenna operates in monopolar radiation at the working frequency.
  • the word “wire” means not only a conductor with circular cross-section, but also with any cross-section, such as like a ribbon.
  • the mass “plan”, as well as the capacitive roofs can actually be curved surfaces, possibly not parallel to each other, in particular to generate radiation monopolar of particular shape, for example narrow with gain large or large maximum with a given illumination sector.
  • the characteristics of the antenna, and in particular the shape of the capacitive roofs are chosen to so as to have at the same frequency or several frequencies neighbors of an antenna working both on monopolar mode and on the classic dipolar modes.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a plurality of conducting wires.
  • the antenna according to the invention makes it possible to obtain radiation monopolar and good adaptation much more easily and with much less technological constraints than in the state of technical.
  • the radiating wires can be arranged symmetrically with respect to the supply wire.
  • the antenna according to the invention has a plurality of capacitive roofs, at least one of the capacitive roofs being arranged to be connected to the generator.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be supplied by a coaxial probe crossing the ground plane, the power wire of which is connected to a capacitive roof and whose external conductor connects the plane of ground to a capacitive roof located between the ground plane and the capacitive roof connected to the power wire.
  • An antenna according to the invention comprising several capacitive roofs can be arranged to present operating bands which are either overlapping or which are disjoint, or to present a diagram of monopolar radiation close to a given size.
  • the capacitive roof is substantially rectangular and the radiating wire is connected in the vicinity of the short side of the rectangle.
  • Power wires and radiant wires can also be loaded by elements of circuits located or distributed along the wire.
  • These elements can be passive linear (resistance, self, capacitance, impedance) or active, but also non-linear. Choose suitably, they allow for example to reduce the dimensions of the antenna, to change the working frequency, or to switch several working frequencies.
  • the antenna of Figure 1 is formed of a dielectric substrate 1 completely metallized on one of its faces 2 to form the ground plane and partially metallized on its other face 3 to form the capacitive roof.
  • a coaxial supply probe 4 crosses the ground plane 2 and the substrate 1 and is connected to the capacitive roof 3.
  • Conductive wires radiant 5 also pass through the substrate 1 to connect the plane of ground 2 at the capacitive roof 3.
  • the radiating wires 5 can be arranged, a priori, anywhere under the capacitive roof 3 of the antenna but, depending on their position, their influence on the operation of the antenna will be more or less important. On the other hand, the introduction of too many radiating wires (from four) can attenuate the phenomenon of double resonance and make it non usable from the point of view of adapting the air to the generators microwaves.
  • the dielectric substrate 1 on which is deposited the plane of mass 2 and the roof 3 of the antenna does not necessarily have to be only dielectric material but may consist of a superposition of layers with any dielectric constants.
  • the shape and dimensions of substrate 1 are arbitrary but generally, for practical reasons, its dimensions do not exceed those of the plan of mass 2.
  • each additional radiating wire introduces new physical antenna parameters, i.e. wire radius added radiator, its distance to the coaxial supply probe as well as the distances separating it from the other radiating wires.
  • These parameters additional physics complicate relationships between parameters of the antenna but, in reality, they simplify the problem and relax the constraints necessary to obtain operation of the monopolar wire-plate antenna.
  • wires 5 do not must no longer be located too close to the coaxial supply probe 4 but should preferably be towards the ends of the roof of the antenna.
  • the radius of the wires 5 is preferably less than the radius of the supply probe and the more the 5 wires are numerous or close to the feeding probe, the smaller their radius must be.
  • the antenna with several radiating wires has a generally larger roof and a slightly greater height to operate at the same frequency.
  • the introduction of a dielectric medium or of a superposition of different dielectric media makes it possible to reduce these dimensions.
  • the double resonance antenna having a single radiating wire is only suitably adaptable to 50 ⁇ for substrates with very low permittivity ( ⁇ r ⁇ 1.2)
  • the introduction of additional radiating wires allows '' very easily adapt any monopolar wire-plate antenna produced on any substrate, or combination of substrates.
  • the operating principle of the double resonance antenna having multiple radiating wires is similar to that of the dual antenna resonance presenting only one wire. Adding radiant wires additional does not create new parallel resonances related to each of the radiating wires, but modifies that created by a radiating wire.
  • the decrease in the quality coefficient of the double resonance appears very beneficial from the point of view of adapting the air to the generators microwave because it allows to maintain the real part of the impedance close to 50 ⁇ and the imaginary part null on a frequency band larger, which allows an increase in band busy.
  • the monopolar wire-plate antenna having several radiating wires has radiation characteristics similar to those of the double resonance antenna which has only one radiating wire, namely radiation of the monopolar type which takes place via the wire and radiant wires.
  • wires 5 now makes it possible to perfectly symmetrical the radiation by arranging the wires 5 symmetrically with respect to the feed probe 4 located in the center of the antenna.
  • ground plane 2 and, to a lesser degree, those of the substrate 1 introduce, as for any radiation antenna monopolar, changes in the radiation pattern.
  • the characteristics of an antenna of the type given below will be given shown in Figure 1 with two wires 5 and a coaxial probe supply 4 with a diameter of 1.27 mm, the two wires 5 being arranged symmetrically with respect to probe 4 and the axis of each of the wires being 3.3 mm away from the probe axis.
  • the electrical substrate 1 is consisting of a 10 mm thick plate of polymethacrylate 72 mm x 72 mm methyl, and a permittivity of approximately 2.5.
  • the ground plane 2 covers an entire face of the plate 1 and the capacitive roof is centered on the other side and is 20 mm x 20 mm in size.
  • Figures 3 to 6 show in solid lines the quantities measured and, in broken lines, the theoretical quantities.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show respectively the real part and the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance and
  • Figure 3c shows the coefficient of resulting reflection.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show the gain achieved, obtained respectively in the plane of the wires and in the plane orthogonal to the plane of the son, and evaluated on all the space surrounding the antenna.
  • the antenna has a reflection coefficient S 11 (f) of the order of -20 dB (only 1% of the incident power is reflected) at the frequency of 1.77 GHz.
  • the gain realized represented in FIG. 4 at this same frequency of 1.77 GHz takes into account all losses (mismatch, losses ohmic and dielectric) and reaches a maximum value of about 2.5 dB at 45 ° due to the deformation of the radiation pattern due to dimensions of the ground plane.
  • the dielectric is the ambient air.
  • the ground plane 10 is surmounted by a first capacitive roof 11 itself surmounted by a second capacitive roof 12. Only the first capacitive roof 11 is connected to a coaxial supply probe 13 crossing the plane of ground 10 for its connection to a generator.
  • the first capacitive roof 11 is also connected to the ground plane 10 by two conductive wires 14 and 14 'arranged relative to the probe 13 as the wires 5 of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the second capacitive roof 12 is connected to the first capacitive roof 11 by two radiating wires 15 and 15 'in contact with the roof 11 at two points located between the contact points of the probe 13 and those of the wires 14 and 14 ′ on the other side of the roof 11.
  • the assembly of the probe 13 crosses the ground plane 10. Its external tubular conductor 13 "connects electrically the ground plane 10 to the first capacitive roof 11, while the central conductor 13 ′ is connected to the upper capacitive roof 12.
  • the roof 12 here has an elongated rectangular shape. Radiant wires 15 and 15 'are connected to the roof 12 in locations close to the small sides 12 'of the roof 12.
  • the wires 15 and 15 ' are here loaded by circuits 20 and 20' having an adequate impedance, active or passive.
  • circuits 20 and 20' having an adequate impedance, active or passive.
  • a larger number of roofs and a different arrangement of the radiating wires can be envisaged in the embodiments of FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • the shape of the roofs is practically arbitrary and that only their surface counts.
  • the physical parameters related to the lower floor which act mainly on the lowest resonance; the resonance the higher is fixed on the one hand by the physical parameters linked to the upper floor, but also by those of the lower floor containing the coaxial supply probe 13.
  • the coaxial supply probe 13 has a large diameter, that the radiating wires 14 and 14 ′ of the bottom stage are distant from the coaxial probe 13 and have a radius at least three to four times less than that of the supply probe, and that the radiating wires 15 and 15 ′ of the upper stage have the same diameter or even greater than that of the supply probe and are also distant from each other that the wires 14 and 14 'are from the probe 13.
  • the placement of the wires under the roofs is arbitrary and only the distances between them are significant; however, a centered and symmetrical arrangement allows symmetrization of the radiation pattern.
  • the respective heights of each of the antennas should preferably be of the same order of magnitude with respect to the wavelength emitted and not exceed ⁇ o / 15.
  • Roof surfaces should not be too different if you want keep the resonances close and a ratio of 1.4 on the surfaces appears as a maximum not to be exceeded.
  • substrates dielectric they can allow to bring together or move away the resonances as well as modifying the quality coefficients of resonances.
  • the dual resonance antenna with multiple radiating elements can be used in two different ways: either it is used as a device with a large bandwidth and, in this case, characteristics of each superimposed element must lead to overlapping operating frequency bands for each antennas to adapt to 50 ⁇ wideband.
  • Either this type of aerial is used as a device with multiple frequencies of resonance but with identical radiation pattern and, in this case, each operating frequency band must be distinct neighboring bands.
  • the radiation of the device is mainly carried out through wires placed at each of the double resonance antennas superimposed.
  • the radiation generated by the device presents characteristics identical to the influence of a monopoly.
  • the device has remarkable stability of the radiation pattern as a function of frequency since the "double resonance" phenomena are well below the modes cavity resonance of printed antennas.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 illustrate the results obtained with an antenna of the type that of FIG. 2 in which the ground plane 10 has dimensions of 99 mm x 99 mm, the lower capacitive roof 11 has dimensions of 39 mm x 39 mm and the upper capacitive roof 12 has dimensions of 26 mm x 26 mm.
  • the capacitive roof 11 is 10 mm from the ground plane 10 and the two capacitive roofs 11 and 12 are also separated by 10 mm.
  • the coaxial supply probe 13 as well as the radiating wires 15 and 15 ' have a diameter of 1.27 mm and the radiating wires 14 and 14 'have a diameter 0.4 mm.
  • Wires 3 and 4 are 6.6 mm apart and wires 14 and 14 'are each 9.9 mm apart from the feeding probe 13.
  • Resonance frequencies of the fundamental cavity type mode resonant of each of the two superimposed antennas are located respectively around 3.8 GHz and 5.7 GHz.
  • the position of the wires could be determined to also allow a antenna operation in resonant modes.
  • FIG. 5 represents the electrical characteristics of the antenna, namely the real and imaginary parts of the input impedance ( Figures 5a and 5b) and the reflection coefficient measured with respect to 50 ohms (Figure 5c).
  • the Figures 6a and 6b show the gain achieved by the antenna obtained in the plane wires and evaluated throughout the space surrounding the antenna to both operating frequencies of 1.2 GHz and 2.1 GHz respectively.
  • the antenna then has two "double resonances" located around 1.1 GHz and 2 GHz. Incomplete optimization of the physical parameters of the antenna nevertheless makes it possible to obtain two reflection coefficients of the order -12 dB at 1.2 GHz and 2.1 GHz. The difference observed in the determination of the high resonant frequency is due to an achievement slightly different practice from the antenna studied in theory.
  • the technique of superimposing double resonance antennas allows the complete device to fully retain the characteristics of the double resonance antenna and in particular the advantages set out above .

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Einfach polarisierte Draht-Platteantenne, die folgendes aufweist:
    eine Masseebene (2; 10),
    ein erstes strahlendes Element in Form eines kapazitiven Daches (3; 11, 12), das dazu ausgelegt ist, mit einem Versorgungsdraht an einen Generator oder einen Empfänger angeschlossen zu werden, und
    ein zweites strahlendes Element in Form eines Leitungsdrahtes (5; 14, 14'; 15, 15'), welches das kapazitive Dach mit der Masseebene verbindet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Antenne eine Vielzahl von wenigstens einem der strahlenden Elemente aufweist, wobei die Abmessungen des kapazitiven Daches bezogen auf die Wellenlänge im Betrieb ausreichend klein sind, damit die Antenne mit einfach polarisierter Strahlung bei der Betriebsfrequenz arbeitet.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1,
    die eine Vielzahl von strahlenden Drähten aufweist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2,
    bei der die strahlenden Drähte symmetrisch gegenüber dem Versorgungsdraht angeordnet sind.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    die eine Vielzahl von kapazitiven Dächern aufweist, wobei wenigstens eines der kapazitiven Dächer dazu ausgelegt ist, an einen Generator angeschlossen zu werden.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 4,
    die von einer koaxialen Sonde versorgt wird, welche die Masseebene durchquert,wobei ihr Versorgungsdraht mit einem kapazitiven Dach verbunden ist und wobei ihr äußerer Leiter die Masseebene mit einem kapazitiven Dach verbindet, das zwischen der Masseebene und dem kapazitiven Dach angeordnet ist, das mit dem Versorgunsdraht verbunden ist.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    die wenigstens zwei kapazitive Dächer aufweist und die so ausgelegt ist, daß sie eine Überlappung der zugeordneten Betriebsbänder zeigt.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    die eine Vielzahl von kapazitiven Dächern aufweist und so ausgelegt ist, daß die zugeordneten Betriebsbänder getrennt sind.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
    bei der das kapazitive Dach im wesentlichen rechteckig ist und der strahlende Draht in der Nähe der kleinen Seite des Rechtecks angeschlossen ist.
  9. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
    bei der wenigstens einer der Drähte von einem Schaltungselement belastet wird.
EP94926276A 1993-09-07 1994-09-06 Monopolantenne mit platten- und stabstrahlern Expired - Lifetime EP0667984B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9310597 1993-09-07
FR9310597A FR2709878B1 (fr) 1993-09-07 1993-09-07 Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire.
PCT/FR1994/001044 WO1995007557A1 (fr) 1993-09-07 1994-09-06 Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0667984A1 EP0667984A1 (de) 1995-08-23
EP0667984B1 true EP0667984B1 (de) 1998-07-22

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EP94926276A Expired - Lifetime EP0667984B1 (de) 1993-09-07 1994-09-06 Monopolantenne mit platten- und stabstrahlern

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6750825B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0667984B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3457672B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1059760C (de)
AU (1) AU7617994A (de)
CA (1) CA2148796C (de)
DE (1) DE69411885T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2709878B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1995007557A1 (de)

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CN1114518A (zh) 1996-01-03
US6750825B1 (en) 2004-06-15
JPH08503595A (ja) 1996-04-16
AU7617994A (en) 1995-03-27
EP0667984A1 (de) 1995-08-23
CA2148796C (fr) 2004-07-13
CN1059760C (zh) 2000-12-20
CA2148796A1 (fr) 1995-03-16
DE69411885D1 (de) 1998-08-27
DE69411885T2 (de) 1999-04-29
JP3457672B2 (ja) 2003-10-20
FR2709878B1 (fr) 1995-11-24
WO1995007557A1 (fr) 1995-03-16
FR2709878A1 (fr) 1995-03-17

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