WO2005124927A1 - Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe - Google Patents
Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005124927A1 WO2005124927A1 PCT/FR2005/001087 FR2005001087W WO2005124927A1 WO 2005124927 A1 WO2005124927 A1 WO 2005124927A1 FR 2005001087 W FR2005001087 W FR 2005001087W WO 2005124927 A1 WO2005124927 A1 WO 2005124927A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
- H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
- H04M1/0206—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings
- H04M1/0208—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings characterized by the relative motions of the body parts
- H04M1/0214—Foldable telephones, i.e. with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/14—Structural association of two or more printed circuits
- H05K1/148—Arrangements of two or more hingeably connected rigid printed circuit boards, i.e. connected by flexible means
Definitions
- BIP Formbidden Photonic Band
- the present invention relates to an antenna with material BIP (Photonic Forbidden Band) with side wall surrounding an axis.
- BIP Photonic Forbidden Band
- Known antennas of BIP material include: - a side wall of BIP material completely surrounding a central axis and spaced from this central axis to provide a resonant central cavity capable of creating at least one narrow band of pass frequencies within a wide band non-passing frequencies of the BIP material, and - at least one radiating element placed inside the cavity, capable of exciting an electromagnetic field to radiate or receive electromagnetic radiation at a given working frequency located inside the narrow band of passing frequencies.
- patent application FR 99 14 521 proposes to produce a BIP material antenna having a side wall formed from coaxial cylinders surrounding the probe.
- the preferred embodiments described use a plate probe or patch probe.
- the invention aims to improve the gain of these antennas.
- the invention therefore relates to such a BIP material antenna in which: - the or each radiating element is positioned inside the cavity to excite an electromagnetic field parallel to the central axis, and - at least one radiating element is able to more strongly excite the modes of the central cavity having a radial resonance than the other modes of the central cavity. It has been found that it is possible to increase the gain of these antennas with BIP material by positioning and choosing the or each probe as indicated above.
- radial resonance we mean the resonances which are established in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
- These modes of the cavity exhibiting radial resonance are also known by the terms of "TE modes” when they are excited by a magnetic field H z or "TM modes” when they are excited by an electric field E z .
- the embodiments of the BIP material antenna may include one or more of the following characteristics: - the or each radiating element is able to excite only the modes of the central cavity having a radial resonance, - at least one of the elements radiating forms an elementary electric dipole parallel to or coincident with the central axis, - at least one of the radiating elements forms an elementary magnetic dipole parallel to or coincident with the central axis; -
- the antenna comprises at least one probe placed inside the cavity, the or each probe having one or more of said radiating elements; - At least one conductive plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the or each probe is supported by the or one of these conductive planes; - At least two probes arranged relative to each other so that one of these probes is the electrical image of the other probe by a symmetry with respect to the conductive plane; - A central core of conductive material aligned on the central axis, and in that the or each probe is supported by this central core; - an electrical supply conductor
- the radiating elements are adapted to work at the same working frequency, and the or each radiating element forming an elementary electric dipole is excited in phase quadrature with respect to the or each radiating element forming an elementary magnetic dipole so as to create a circular polarization;
- the cavity has the shape of a barrel, the axis of symmetry of the barrel being coincident with the central axis, - the cavity is a cylinder of revolution whose axis of revolution is coincident with the central axis, - the central cavity has two through ends crossed by the central axis, and the central core comprises two flared portions connected to one another by a finer portion, each of these flared portions partially closing off a respective through end.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial perspective view of a first mode production of a BIP material antenna
- - Figure 2 is a sectional view of the antenna of Figure 1
- - Figure 3 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a BIP material antenna
- - Figure 4 is a schematic and partial perspective view of a third embodiment of a BIP material antenna
- - Figure 5A is a sectional view of the antenna of Figure 4
- - Figure 5B is a schematic perspective view of a probe used in the antenna of Figure 4
- - Figure 6A is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a BIP material antenna
- - Figures 6B and 6C are schematic front and rear views respectively of a probe used in the antenna of Figure 6A
- - Figures 7, 8 and 9 are simplified perspective views respectively of a fifth, sixth and seventh embodiments of a BIP material antenna
- - Figure 10 is a simplified
- FIG. 1 represents an antenna with BIP material designated by the general reference 2.
- the antenna 2 has a vertical side wall 4 completely surrounding a central axis 6 and spaced from this central axis to provide a resonant central cavity 8.
- the wall 4 is a cylinder of revolution having the axis of revolution as axis 6.
- This wall 4 is made of one-dimensional BIP material having a radial periodicity.
- this BIP material successively comprises an inner cylinder 10, an intermediate cylinder 12 and an outer cylinder 14.
- the inner cylinder 10 is made of a dielectric material of relative permittivity £ r ⁇ and constant thickness di.
- the inside diameter of this cylinder 10 corresponds to the outside diameter of the cavity 8.
- £ is equal to nine in the following description.
- the cylinder 12 is made of a material of relative permittivity S a and of constant thickness d 2 .
- the relative permittivity S a is different from 6 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the material is air and S ⁇ is equal to 1.
- the cylinder 14 is made of a material of relative permittivity equal to that of the cylinder 10 and of constant thickness di.
- the cavity 8 is filled with the same material as the cylinder 12 so as to correspond to a defect in the radial periodicity of the BIP material.
- the diameter d c of the cavity 8 is chosen so that it is a resonant cavity capable of creating at least one narrow band of pass-through frequencies within a wide band of non-pass frequencies of the material. BIP forming the wall 4.
- the diameter d c of the cavity 8 is chosen as a function of the desired working frequency for the antenna 2 according to the following relationship:
- d c .
- ⁇ Q2 x I (fr. -i ⁇ ) or: - A g2 is the wavelength of the working frequency in the material filling the cavity 8, - a is a constant coefficient chosen between 0.75 and 0.85 and preferably equal to 0.8; - c is the speed of the light, and - fr is the desired working frequency for the antenna 2.
- the value of the coefficient a is determined experimentally to create the narrow band of passing frequencies within a wide band of non-passing frequencies of the BIP material.
- the thicknesses di and d 2 are also chosen as a function of the desired working frequency according to the following relationships:
- a and ⁇ g ⁇ Q2 are respectively the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency in the materials of cylinders 10 and 12.
- the transmission coefficient of such a BIP material antenna is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 7 of patent application FR 99 14521.
- the desired working frequency f ⁇ is equal to 5.5 GHz
- d c is equal to 43 mm
- di is equal to 10.5 mm
- d 2 is equal to 3.5 mm.
- the antenna 2 comprises a conductive plane 20 perpendicular to the axis 6 and intersecting the antenna 2 at mid-height.
- this conductive plane is a cylindrical plate whose thickness is small compared to its width. This plate is centered on the axis 6 and its diameter is greater than the outside diameter of the cylinder 14. For example, the diameter of the plane 20 is 95mm.
- the elements of the antenna 2 already described with reference to FIG. 1 have the same references. Inside the cavity 8 are placed two identical wire-plate probes 24, 26.
- each wire-plate probe is formed by two conductive plates 30, 32 parallel and a radiating element 34 s 'extending perpendicular to the conductive plates and electrically connecting these two conductive plates.
- Each plate 30, 32 is circular and has a diameter of 13mm.
- the length of the radiating element 34 which extends between the plates 30 and 32 is a function of the desired working frequency fr. Here the length is chosen equal to 0.8mm.
- the plates 30 and 32 are connected to an electrical energy generator / receiver 38 such as a voltage or current generator / receiver.
- electrical conductors 40, 42 respectively connect the plates 30 and 32 of the probe 24 to respective inputs of the generator / receiver 38.
- electrical conductors 44, 46 respectively connect the plates 30 and 32 of the probe 26 to respective inputs of the generator / receiver 38.
- These conductors 40, 42, 44 and 46 are fixed to the surface of the plane 20 or incorporated into the thickness of this plane 20 so as not to disturb the electric field radiated by the probes 24 and 26.
- the radiating element of a wire-plate probe is equivalent to an elementary electric dipole whose axis coincides with that of the radiating element. Therefore, here, the probes 24 and 26 are positioned inside the cavity 8 so that the axes of the radiating elements 34 are aligned on the axis 6.
- each of the probes 24, 26 forms a dipole elementary electrical whose axis coincides with the axis 6. Under these conditions, each probe 24 and 26 excites only an electric field E z parallel to the axis 6. The advantage of such a characteristic will appear during the description the operation of this antenna.
- the probes 24 and 26 are arranged on either side of the plane 20 so that one of the probes is the electrical image of the other probe by a symmetry with respect to the plane 20. Thus, the plane 20 does not introduce any asymmetry in the radiation pattern of the antenna 2.
- the probes 24 and 26 are held in place inside the cavity 8 by the plane 20. More precisely, here, each probe 24, 26 is fixed in plane 20 via a respective shim 50, 52.
- these shims 50 and 52 are made of a material whose relative permittivity is equal at +/- 3 ready for that of the material filling the cavity 8.
- the material used for these shims is, for example, a Rhoacel foam whose relative permittivity is equal to 1.
- these shims have a thickness of 5mm to raise each probe 24, 26 by 5mm compared to the on face of the plane 20. These shims increase the gain of the antenna.
- the antenna 2 has, at the two open ends of the cavity 8, a circular closure cover 54, 56.
- each cover 54 and 56 is chosen large enough to close both the through end of the cavity 8 and the end of the cylinder 12.
- the diameter of the covers 54 and 56 is therefore, for example, equal to the outside diameter of the cylinder 14.
- these covers are made of a dielectric material whose relative permittivity is between 1 and 3.
- the probes 24 and 26 only excite the field E 2 . Therefore only the TM modes of the cavity are excited. The other modes of the cavity are not excited, which explains its better performance.
- the maximum intrinsic gain of the antenna is approximately 9.4 dB
- - the antenna gain-band product is equal to 62.
- the gain-band product is obtained by multiplying the maximum intrinsic gain of the antenna in linear (that is to say not expressed in decibels) by the bandwidth expressed in percent.
- the bandwidth expressed in percent is obtained by dividing the width of the bandwidth by the center frequency, all multiplied by one hundred.
- the radiation pattern of the antenna 2 is symmetrical with respect to the plane 20 and also has a symmetry of revolution with respect to the axis 6.
- the value of the intrinsic gain of the antenna 2 is better than that which would be obtained with a similar antenna but equipped with a patch probe arranged parallel to the plane 20 or else a wire-plate probe but whose axis of the radiating element would not be aligned on axis 6.
- the improvement in gain obtained is explained by the choice of a particular type of probe and by the particular position of this probe inside the cavity 8.
- guided operating mode there are two distinct operating modes in the antenna 2, hereinafter called guided operating mode and radiant operating mode respectively.
- the guided operating mode the energy is guided along the axis 6 and is not radiated through the wall 4.
- the mode guided operation is not useful when using antenna 2 and corresponds to lost energy.
- FIG. 3 represents another antenna 60 with BIP material.
- the antenna 60 differs essentially from the antenna 2 in that it only has a single wire-plate probe 62 and in the method of fixing this probe inside the cavity 8.
- the probe 62 does not differs from probes 24 or 26 only in its dimensions.
- the diameter of the plates 30 and 32 is equal to 9mm and the length of the radiating element 34 is equal to 5mm.
- the radiating element 34 of the probe 62 is aligned on the axis 6 and placed substantially halfway up the cavity 8.
- Each plate 30, 32 is connected to the generator / receiver 38 by l 'through a respective electrical conductor 66, 68.
- conductors 66 and 68 extend vertically along axis 6 and are formed, for example, each by a coaxial cable of so as not to disturb the electromagnetic fields inside the cavity 8.
- the probe 62 is placed or fixed on a support 70 made of dielectric material.
- this support 70 is, for example, fixed on the cover 56 so as to hold in place the probe 62 in the middle of the cavity 8.
- the support 70 is made of a dielectric material whose relative permittivity is equal to that of the dielectric material filling the cavity 8 to +/- 3 ready.
- the material of the support 70 is, for example, Rhoacel foam.
- the electrical conductors 66 and 68 pass through the support 70.
- the probe 62 only excites the TM modes of the cavity 8. The improvement in the performance of the antenna 60 can therefore be explained in the same way as for the antenna 2.
- the antenna 80 represents a antenna 80 comprising a side wall 82 completely surrounding a central axis 84 and spaced from this central axis by a resonant cavity 86.
- the antenna 80 comprises a cylindrical central core 88 of conductive material which extends along the axis 84.
- the wall 82 is a one-dimensional BIP material which, like for the wall 4 of the antenna 2, is formed by a juxtaposition of three vertical cylinders 90, 92 and 94.
- the cylinder 90 is the internal cylinder whose internal diameter defines the outside diameter d c of the cavity 86.
- d ac is the diameter of the central core 88.
- the thickness of the cylinders 90, 92 and 94 is calculated using relationships
- the cavity 86 thus constructed creates a narrow band of passing frequencies within a wide band of non-passing frequencies of the BIP material.
- the height of the wall 82 is chosen as a function of a compromise between, on the one hand the gain, and on the other hand, the width of the pass band.
- the core 88 is here a hollow cylinder of conductive material whose outside diameter is 4mm. As will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5A, this core 88 serves to hold in place a wire-plate probe 98 inside the cavity 86.
- the core 88 is also used as shielding for two electrical conductors 100 and 102 for supplying the probe 98.
- FIG. 5B shows the probe 98 in more detail.
- This probe comprises two parallel circular conductive plates 104 and 106 electrically connected to one another by four radiating elements 108 to 111 extending perpendicular to the plates 104 and 106.
- the radiating elements are, for example, of square section. Here their sections are 1mm 2 .
- the height of each of the radiating elements is 5mm.
- the plates 104 and 106 each have a central orifice 114 and 116 suitable for receiving the core 88.
- the radiating elements 108 to 111 are uniformly distributed around these central orifices 114 and 116.
- the width the width
- the probe 98 also includes a conductive rod 118 extending parallel to the radiating elements 108 to 111 between the plates 104 and 106. This rod 118 is fixed by one of its ends to the plate 104 while the other end is free . Thus this rod is electrically connected to the plate 104 and electrically isolated from the plate 106. The free end of the rod 118 is connected to the conductor 100. The conductor 102 is in turn electrically connected to the plate 106.
- the probe 98 is held in place inside the cavity 86 by the core 88 halfway up the wall 82.
- the core 88 passes through the orifices 114 and 116 and the probe 98 is fixed to this core 88 by l 'through a ring 120 of dielectric material.
- the relative permittivity of the material of the ring 120 is equal to or close to the relative permittivity of the material filling the cavity 86.
- this material is Rhoacel foam (registered trademark).
- the ends of the conductors 100 and 102, connected to the probe 98, extend through the ring 120 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 84 so as not to disturb the electromagnetic fields inside the cavity 86.
- a intermediate part of the conductors 100 and 102 is housed inside the core 88 and connects these ends to a generator / receiver 122 of electrical energy identical to the generator / receiver 38.
- the conductors 101 and 102 being separated from the cavity 86 by a conductive material, their electromagnetic radiation does not interfere with that of the probe 98. Thanks to the fact that the radiating elements of the probe 98 are uniformly distributed around the axis 84, the radiation pattern of the antenna 80 has, on the one hand, a symmetry with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis 84 and passing through the middle of these radiating elements and, on the other hand, a symmetry of revolution with respect to the axis 84.
- FIG. 6A represents an antenna 130 whose structure is identical to that of the antenna 80 with the exception of the fact that the probe 98 is replaced by four identical electrical dipoles.
- the elements of the antenna 130 already described with reference to FIG. 5A bear the same references in FIG. 6A and will not be described again.
- FIGS. 6B at 6C Only three printed dipoles 132 to 134 have been shown on the four that comprise the antenna 130. The rear and front faces of one of these dipoles are shown in more detail respectively in FIGS. 6B at 6C.
- Each printed dipole consists of a rectangular dielectric substrate 138.
- the substrate here is 8.1mm wide and 42mm long.
- the rear face has a strip 140 of conductive material occupying the entire upper part of the rear face.
- This strip 140 here has a length of 22mm from the upper end of the substrate.
- a strip 142 of conductive material occupies the entire lower part of the front face.
- This strip 142 also measures 22mm long starting from the lower end of the substrate.
- These bands 140 and 142 are connected via respective electrical conductors 144, 146 to a generator / receiver 150 of electrical energy. The dipoles are held in place inside the cavity 86 by the core
- each dipole is spaced from the outer surface of the core 88 by an air gap with a thickness of 0.81 mm to improve the antenna gain.
- the electrical conductors 144 and 146 are chosen to be rigid enough so that their ends connected to the printed dipoles serve as an element for fixing the dipoles to the core 88 without having to use a shim or another support.
- the printed dipoles are placed at different heights along the core 88 which makes it possible to spread the field E 2 which they generate along the axis 86. This improves the performance of the antenna and in particular its gain.
- the dipoles 132 and 133 are arranged just above a median plane perpendicular to the axis 84 and passing halfway up the side wall made of BIP material.
- the printed dipoles 132 and 133 are arranged relative to each other so that one of these dipoles is the image of the other by a symmetry with respect to the axis 84.
- the dipole 134 and a dipole not shown in FIG. 6A are arranged just below the median plane so as to be the image of each other by an axis symmetry 84.
- a printed dipole forms an equivalent radiating element to an elementary electric dipole.
- the printed dipoles are vertical so that the axis of the corresponding elementary electric dipole is parallel to axis 86.
- FIG. 7A represents an antenna 160 in which the side wall made of dielectric BIP material is replaced by a side wall made of metallic BIP material 162.
- the cylindrical central core is replaced by a central core 164 comprising two flared ends 166 and 168 connected to each other by a central portion 170 whose section is narrower.
- a metallic BIP material comprises a distribution of conductive material having a spatial periodicity in at least one direction.
- the wall 162 is formed of a succession of vertical metal bars 172 uniformly distributed the along the periphery of a horizontal circle 174.
- the metal bars 172 are here separated from each other by a material whose electrical conductivity is different such as, for example, air.
- the dimensions of the wall 162 are, for example, determined using relations (2), (3) and (4).
- the wall 162 has an axis 176 of revolution coincident with the central axis of the antenna.
- the BIP material of the wall 162 has no periodicity in the direction of the axis 176.
- the wall 162 only modifies the vertical polarization of a probe, that is to say that created by one or more probes equivalent to an elementary electrical dipole parallel or coincident with the axis 176.
- a probe that is to say that created by one or more probes equivalent to an elementary electrical dipole parallel or coincident with the axis 176.
- four vertical printed dipoles are fixed around the central portion 170 halfway up the wall 162. To obtain a symmetrical radiation diagram, these dipoles are uniformly distributed along the outer periphery of the central portion 170.
- the core 164 is made of a hollow conductive material.
- the flared ends 166, 168 partially obstruct the through ends of the resonant cavity. This configuration of the central core increases the gain of the antenna by around ten percent compared to that of an antenna whose side wall and central core are cylindrical.
- FIG. 8 represents an antenna 180 in which the side wall is made with another metallic BIP material having a one-dimensional periodicity in a direction parallel to a central axis 182 of the antenna. More specifically, the side wall is formed of a vertical stack of rings 184 of conductive material centered on the axis 182. These rings are spaced from each other by a constant interval made of a material of different conductivity such as, for example, air.
- Metallic BIP materials having a one-dimensional periodicity in the vertical direction such as here, only modify the horizontal polarization, that is to say that created by a magnetic field H 2 parallel to the axis 182.
- a probe 186 able to excite the magnetic field H z is placed inside the resonant cavity of the antenna 180. In order to excite only the magnetic field H z , this probe 186 only comprises radiating elements equivalent to an elementary magnetic dipole the axis of which coincides or is parallel to the axis 182.
- the probe 186 is a current loop placed in a plane perpendicular to the axis 182, halfway up the antenna 180, and the axis of revolution of the loop coincides with the axis 182.
- This probe 186 like the previously described probes only excites the modes of the cavity having a radial resonance so that the antenna 180 presents essentially u n radiant operating mode and not a guided operating mode.
- the modes of the cavity excited by the probe 186 are the TE modes.
- the different techniques, described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, for holding a probe inside the resonant cavity can be used to keep the probe 186 in place in the cavity.
- the means for holding the probe 186 in the cavity have not been shown to simplify FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 represents an antenna 200 combining characteristics of the antennas 2 and 180.
- the side wall of the antenna 200 is formed by the juxtaposition of a metallic BIP material 202 and a dielectric BIP material 204.
- the metallic BIP material 202 is identical to that of the antenna 180 and the dielectric BIP material 204 is identical to that of the antenna 2.
- a probe comprising two radiating elements 206 and 208.
- the radiating element 206 is equivalent to an elementary electric dipole whose axis is coincident with a central axis 210 of antenna 200.
- the radiating element 208 is equivalent to a magnetic dipole elementary whose axis is also coincident with the central axis of the antenna.
- the radiating element 206 excites only the electric field E z while the radiating element 208 excites only the magnetic field H z .
- the presence of metallic BIP material 202 does not modify the vertical polarization generated by the radiating element 206 since the latter has only one-dimensional periodicity in a direction parallel to the central axis 210.
- the antenna 200 therefore has both a vertical polarization and a horizontal polarization.
- the radiating element 206 is excited in phase quadrature with respect to the radiating element 208.
- Figure 10 shows in vertical section and in perspective a side wall 220 of an antenna 222.
- This side wall has the shape of a barrel.
- the wall 220 is, for example, made using a dielectric BIP material.
- Such a conformation of the side wall creates a barrel-shaped central cavity and increases the gain of the antenna by about ten percent compared to an antenna whose side wall is formed of cylinders of constant section.
- One or more of the previously described probes are held in place inside the barrel-shaped central cavity using the teaching previously described. These probes and their embodiments have therefore not been shown in FIG. 10 to simplify the illustration. Many other embodiments of a BIP material antenna exist.
- the wire-plate probes, the electrical dipoles or the magnetic dipoles can be replaced by one another in the preceding embodiments. It is also possible as in the antenna 200 to use these probes jointly inside the same resonant cavity.
- the probes have been described as either wire probes plates, either electric dipoles printed or not, or even current loops.
- all the probes of which each radiating element is equivalent either to an elementary electrical dipole or to an elementary magnetic dipole can be used in place of one of the previously described probes when it is positioned in the resonant cavity so that radiating elements excite an electromagnetic field parallel to the central axis.
- the radiating elements are uniformly distributed around the central axis so as to obtain an omnidirectional radiation diagram in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
- the radiating elements are arranged in greater number on the same side of a plane containing the central axis so as to create an asymmetry in the radiation diagram.
- the wire-plate probes comprise two plates distinct from the conductive plane 20.
- the plate 32 of the probes 24 and / or 26 is omitted and the conductive element 34 is directly connected to the one of its ends to the conducting plane 20.
- the shims are uniformly distributed around the central axis so as to obtain an omnidirectional radiation diagram in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
- the radiating elements are arranged in greater number on the same side of a plane containing the central axis so as to create an asymmetry in the radiation diagram.
- the wire-plate probes comprise two plates distinct from the conductive plane 20.
- the plate 32 of the probes 24 and / or 26
- the central core has been described in the previous embodiments as being made of a conductive material. As a variant, this central core is made of BIP material. The central core has also been described as a cylinder of revolution. However, as a variant, the section of the central core is a parallelogram. In another embodiment, the BIP material of the side wall is a two or three-dimensional BIP material like those disclosed in patent application FR 99 14521.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007517328A JP4865706B2 (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-04-29 | 軸を取り囲む側壁を有するフォトニックバンドギャップ(pbf)材料のアンテナ |
US11/579,317 US7388557B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-04-29 | Antenna which is made from a photonic band gap (PBG) material and which comprises a lateral wall surrounding an axis |
EP05763685A EP1749332A1 (fr) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-04-29 | Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe |
CA2561166A CA2561166C (fr) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-04-29 | Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0405485A FR2870642B1 (fr) | 2004-05-19 | 2004-05-19 | Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe |
FR0405485 | 2004-05-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005124927A1 true WO2005124927A1 (fr) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
ID=34949075
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2005/001087 WO2005124927A1 (fr) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-04-29 | Antenne a materiau bip (bande interdite photonique) a paroi laterale entourant un axe |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7388557B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1749332A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4865706B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2561166C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2870642B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005124927A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8301092B2 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2012-10-30 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for a low noise amplifier utilizing a leaky wave antenna |
JP5435507B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-03-05 | 日本電業工作株式会社 | 無指向性アンテナ |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2709878A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-17 | Univ Limoges | Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire. |
WO2000079643A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-28 | Nortel Matra Cellular | Antenne de station de base de radiocommunication |
FR2801428A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne pourvue d'un assemblage de materiaux filtrant |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5689275A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-11-18 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Electromagnetic antenna and transmission line utilizing photonic bandgap material |
WO2000033414A2 (fr) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-06-08 | Arizona Board Or Regents | Dispositifs hyperfrequences a selectivite de frequence, comportant des materiaux metalliques a bande etroite |
US6425560B1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-07-30 | Casey M. Dembowiak | Magnetic mounting object holder and hook |
JP2003078337A (ja) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-14 | Tokai Univ | 積層アンテナ |
JP4181172B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-24 | 2008-11-12 | サントル ナシオナル ドゥ ラ ルシェルシェサイアンティフィク(セエヌエールエス) | フォトニックバンドギャップ材料によるマルチビームアンテナ |
FR2863109B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-27 | 2006-05-19 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement d'emission/reception configurable et orientable, station de base correspondante |
-
2004
- 2004-05-19 FR FR0405485A patent/FR2870642B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-29 CA CA2561166A patent/CA2561166C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-29 WO PCT/FR2005/001087 patent/WO2005124927A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-04-29 US US11/579,317 patent/US7388557B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-29 EP EP05763685A patent/EP1749332A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-29 JP JP2007517328A patent/JP4865706B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2709878A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-17 | Univ Limoges | Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire. |
WO2000079643A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-28 | Nortel Matra Cellular | Antenne de station de base de radiocommunication |
FR2801428A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne pourvue d'un assemblage de materiaux filtrant |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ALVAREZ-CABANILLAS M A ED - INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS: "Photonic band-gap for a rectangular array of metallic rods", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM. 2001 DIGEST. APS. BOSTON, MA, JULY 8 - 13, 2001, NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. VOL. 1 OF 4, 8 July 2001 (2001-07-08), pages 506 - 509, XP010564137, ISBN: 0-7803-7070-8 * |
See also references of EP1749332A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070236405A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
US7388557B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
CA2561166A1 (fr) | 2005-12-29 |
FR2870642A1 (fr) | 2005-11-25 |
CA2561166C (fr) | 2016-08-23 |
JP4865706B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
EP1749332A1 (fr) | 2007-02-07 |
FR2870642B1 (fr) | 2008-11-14 |
JP2007538442A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
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