EP1407512B1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1407512B1
EP1407512B1 EP02751261.5A EP02751261A EP1407512B1 EP 1407512 B1 EP1407512 B1 EP 1407512B1 EP 02751261 A EP02751261 A EP 02751261A EP 1407512 B1 EP1407512 B1 EP 1407512B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
wire
central
split
interconnected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02751261.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1407512A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Jean Yves Jecko
Francis Jean-Baptiste Pasquet
François Louis Adrien TORRES
Cyril Nicolas Decroze
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Publication of EP1407512A1 publication Critical patent/EP1407512A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antennas.
  • the document FR 2,668,859 describes a monopolar wire-plate antenna of the type shown on the figure 1 .
  • Such a structure is comparable to that of a conventional printed antenna. It consists of a metal pad 12 (capacitive roof of the antenna) of a predetermined arbitrary shape, placed on the upper face of a dielectric blade 13. The lower face of this blade 13 is conventionally entirely metallized and constitutes the ground plane 14 of the antenna.
  • the antenna feed is performed by a coaxial probe 17.
  • the inner conductor 15 of this probe 17 traverses, without touching, the ground plane 14 and passes through the dielectric plate 13. It is connected to the metal roof 12.
  • the external conductor of the probe 17 is connected to the ground plane 14.
  • the particularity of such an antenna is to have a wire 16 return to the ground plane 14 formed by the lower metallization.
  • This wire 16 connects the capacitive roof 12 and the ground plane 14. It passes through the dielectric plate 13 parallel to the conductor 15 of the probe 17 and close to this conductor 15 so that this return wire 16 is coupled by inductive coupling to the wire 15 of the probe 17 and is traversed by a current at the working frequency.
  • the presence of this wire 16 near the feed probe 15 is at the origin of the original operation of such an antenna.
  • the document FR 2 783 115 describes a coplanar wire-plate antenna, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • Such an antenna has been developed for the purpose of congestion reduction.
  • a ground plane 14 a central "capacitive roof” 12
  • a supply ribbon 15 connected to the capacitive roof 12
  • a grounding strip 16 which connects the capacitive roof 12 and the ground plane 14 (by analogy respectively to the aforementioned feed and return son).
  • the capacitive roof 12 and the ground plane 14 are in the same plane, the ground plane 14 being placed at the periphery of the antenna, around the capacitive roof 12.
  • the document FR 2 783 115 also discloses a reflective plane parallel to and near the coplanar antenna.
  • a ground plane 14 a central "capacitive roof” 12
  • a supply ribbon 15 connected to the capacitive roof 12
  • a grounding strip 16 which connects the capacitive roof 12 and the ground plane 14 (by analogy respectively to the aforementioned feed and return son).
  • the plane of mass 14 is as in the document FR 2,668,859 located below the capacitive roof 12, but this capacitive roof 12 is split into two disjoint parts, one central 122 and the other peripheral 124. Only the central portion 122 is connected to the ground plane 14 via the elements 15 and 16.
  • the operating principle of these known antennas is mainly based on a complex coupling phenomenon between the supply probe 15 (or supply ribbon) and the wire 16 (or grounding tape). Without resumption of mass, these antennas behave like series resonant circuits due to the inductance of the supply probe 15 (L alim ) and to the capacity (C roof ) formed between the capacitive roof 12 and the ground plane 14 The addition of a return to ground 16 between roof 12 and ground plane 14 creates a parallel inductance (L mass ) on the capacitance (C roof ) causing the appearance of a parallel resonance.
  • the mode of operation of these antennas is characterized by a high concentration of currents on the wire (or tape) back to mass 16, which gives these structures their monopolar type radiation for the wire-plate and dipolar antenna for coplanar wire-plate antenna.
  • the object of element 124 in XP000688465 is to increase the usable bandwidth around the resonance frequency of the antenna operating mode.
  • US 6195048 proposes an antenna in which the transmitting / receiving part has a particular disposition to the physical phenomena encountered in this type of antenna, which features can not be transposed to other types of antennas.
  • the aim of the invention is to improve the structures proposed up to now, both in terms of operating efficiency, in particular the possibilities of adaptation between the antenna and the generator, and at the same time in terms of bulk.
  • the antenna thus formed in accordance with the present invention groups together a plurality of radiating elements capable of each working in transmission or reception in their own mode at different independent frequencies, without increasing the volume bulkiness of the antenna, with respect to the known arrangements. of the prior art.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to obtain an antenna of relatively small size in front of the working length (s) of wavelength (s).
  • the antenna of the first example ( Fig. 4 to 6 ) is composed, in the manner of a conventional wire-plate antenna, of two parallel plates of which one plate 140 is grounded and the other 120 is at the same time supplied by a current, via a probe 150, and both connected to the mass by a link 160 back to the ground plane 140, which link 160 is coupled by inductive coupling to the probe wire 150, to be traversed by a current at a working frequency.
  • the plate 120 is split into two elements 122, 124: a central surface 122 and a peripheral strip 124 which remotely surrounds the central surface 122.
  • the central surface 122 and the ribbon 124 are separated from each other by a circumferential recess 123 at the central surface 122.
  • central surface 122 and the ribbon 124 are interconnected by a link 126 which is coplanar with them.
  • the geometry of the central surface 122, the ribbon 124 and the lower plate 140 is not critical.
  • the central surface 122, the ribbon 124 and the lower plate 140 have contours of the same geometry, for example rectangular, square, circular, oval, etc.
  • the upper plate 120 is advantageously centered on the lower plate 140.
  • the upper plate 120 further advantageously has a smaller surface area than the lower plate 140.
  • the tape 126 preferably extends in a generally radial direction relative to the center of the central surface 122.
  • the central surface 122 is of square geometry, while the ribbon 124 comprises four sections respectively parallel and perpendicular to each other, and to the edges of the central surface 122, two by two.
  • the link 126 is itself perpendicular to an edge 121 of the central surface 122 and to a portion constituting the ribbon 124.
  • the conductive connection 160 provides both the connection between the ground elements 124 and 140 and the grounding of the wire-plate antenna.
  • the supply conductor 150 of the probe is placed, perpendicularly to the two planes 120 and 140, near an edge 121 of the central element 122.
  • the conductive connection 160 is placed parallel to the conductor 150, on one edge outer ribbon 124, placed opposite said edge 121.
  • the central element 122 is connected to the peripheral element 124, not by a single connection, but by two links 126, 127. These are parallel to each other, perpendicular to an edge 121 of the central element 122 and connected to this edge, about a quarter of the length of this edge 121, counted respectively from its first and second end.
  • the feed wire 150 is not connected directly to the central surface 122, but to an additional ribbon 128 which extends outwardly from the central surface 122, in the direction of the peripheral band 124, but
  • the supply conductor 150 which extends perpendicularly to the planes 120 and 140, is placed at the end of this strip 128.
  • the supply is, in this case, deported via this horizontal ribbon 128, offset to optimize the adaptation of the antenna.
  • the mass return wire 160 is placed on the edge of the outer ribbon 124 placed opposite the edge 121 of the central surface 122, substantially between the supply ribbon 128 and the mass return ribbon 127.
  • the ribbons 126 and 127 may have different widths.
  • an antenna converts the energy received in an adaptation band into a radiated energy in a given direction with a preferred bias, but it also allows adaptation to a generator having a given input impedance (in general 50 Ohm) on one or more frequency bands.
  • the geometrical parameters of the antenna can differ according to the needs of the user (operating frequencies, adaptation, bandwidth %) and can easily be developed by those skilled in the art depending on the adaptation to the desired frequencies.
  • Gain charts ( Figures 11 to 13 ) are represented in two section planes for each operating mode (note: only the main polarization of the electric field is represented, E0 for the first mode and E ⁇ for the second one).
  • the first mode (at 0.94 GHz) presents a diagram ( Figures 11 and 11bis ) with symmetry of revolution around the axis OZ (omnidirectional in azimuth with a maximum gain on the horizon).
  • the second ( Figures 12 and 13 ) has a hemispherical coverage with maximum gain in the axis of the antenna.
  • FIG. 14 A second example is shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16 .
  • the lower metal plane 140 forming the ground plane of the assembly, which is split into two elements, one central 142 connected to the first active terminal of the generator / receiver via a ribbon 148, the other 144 device connected to the second terminal, ground, the generator / receiver.
  • the metal plate 140 has a peripheral ribbon 144 which is connected to ground while a central surface 142 is connected to the positive terminal of a power source.
  • the geometry of the upper plate 120, the central surface 142 and the ribbon 144 is not critical.
  • the upper plate 120 is centered on the lower plate 140.
  • the central surface 142 and the ribbon 144 have contours of the same geometry, for example rectangular, square, circular, oval, etc.
  • the upper plate 120 further advantageously has a smaller surface area than the lower plate 140.
  • the ribbon 146 preferably extends in a generally radial direction with respect to the center of the central surface 142.
  • the central surface 142 is of square geometry
  • the ribbon 144 comprises four sections (one of which is formed of two segments aligned to allow the passage of the supply ribbon 148) respectively parallel and perpendicular, to each other, and to the edges of the central surface 142, two by two.
  • the link 146 is itself perpendicular to an edge of the central surface 142 and to a portion constituting the ribbon 144. It is parallel and coplanar with the supply ribbon 148.
  • the upper plate 120 is connected to the central surface 142 of the plate 140, so that it is also fed.
  • a feed link 150 formed by a single wire connects the central surface 142 to the plate 120.
  • the peripheral strip 144 has the general shape of a C.
  • the central surface 142 is extended by a coplanar track forming a supply ribbon 148 which opens outwards, via the opening of this C.
  • the wired link 150 which extends perpendicular to the planes of the plates 120 and 140, connects the supply ribbon 148 to the plate 120.
  • a ground return wire 160 connects the two plates 120 and 140. This return wire connects the plate 120 to the plate 140 at its grounding strip 146 between the central surface 142 and the peripheral strip 144. The ground return wire 160 extends perpendicularly to the planes 120 and 140.
  • the return wire connects the plate 120 to the plate 140 at its ground ribbon.
  • the return wire connects the plate 120 to the peripheral element 144 of the plate 140.
  • the capacitive roof of this general structure is thus formed by the plate 120, which behaves in the manner of a capacitive roof of traditional wire-plate antenna in that it is fed by a current and connected to a plane of parallel mass, here the plate 140, more precisely the ribbon 144 thereof.
  • the supply of the assembly is through the ribbon 148 and the wire 150.
  • grounding wire 160 connecting the two plates 120 and 140 joins the bottom plate 140 at its grounding strip 147.
  • the ground return wire 160 whatever the embodiment, or close to the supply wire 150, to be coupled, by inductive coupling to the latter , so that the ground return wire 160 is traversed by a current at the working frequency.
  • the distance between the supply wire 150 and the ground return wire is less than 1/10 ⁇ , where ⁇ represents the working wavelength.
  • the multifunctional radiating devices that have just been described are only examples among various possible possibilities, the geometric configurations of the various elements remaining variable and depending on the functions to be performed or the working frequency.
  • the present invention can thus be envisaged for different modes of operation according to its geometric configuration.
  • the application to a multilobe antenna favoring different directions of radiation at the same frequency (for example for telemetry applications).
  • Such antennas also make it possible to miniaturize aerials in mobile communication systems.
  • the plates 120 and 140 may be supported in their relative position by any suitable means. Preferably the plates 120 and 140 are thus disposed respectively on either side of a substrate dielectric of small thickness compared to the dimensions of the plates 120 and 140.
  • the substrate may be formed of a homogeneous layer. However, if necessary, the substrate may be formed of several adjacent stacked layers having different dielectric properties. Alternatively the dielectric medium placed between the two plates 120 and 140 may even be formed by air.
  • the plates 120 and 140 are thus formed by etching metallizations formed on either side of a substrate, or by deposition of contours controlled on this substrate.
  • the antenna according to the present invention may comprise several upper plates 120 parallel to each other and of identical geometry.
  • the different plates 120 may each comprise a central element 122 and an outer ribbon 124 interconnected by a mass recovery tape 126.
  • the central elements 122 of the various plates 120 may be interconnected by means of wires extending the feed wire 150, while the various external ribbons 124 may be interconnected via wires extending the ground return wire 160.
  • the different plates 120 can be full. These plates 120 are interconnected via wires comparable to the wire 150. However, in this case the links existing between two adjacent plates 120 are preferably formed of multiple links arranged in a symmetrical arrangement.
  • the antenna according to the present invention may be associated with a proximity reflector to form the radiation, for example to concentrate the radiation in a desired direction.
  • FIG. 17 to 24 Other embodiments of the invention are shown in Figures 17 to 24 .
  • the assembly of the figure 17 has a higher level consisting of two parallel conductive surfaces connected by at least one vertical conductor (called wire or tape recovery "mass").
  • This upper level is referenced 120 and divides into two plates 125 and 127.
  • the plate 125, lower plate of this upper level, is shown in plan view at the figure 18 . It is cut into three concentric elements connected by conductive ribbons (or son according to a variant).
  • Each cut gives rise to a second type of operation providing an axial radiation (maximum gain in the axis of the antenna).
  • Each level gives rise to an operating mode of wire-plate antenna type: input impedance having a resonance parallel to a given frequency, and rotationally symmetrical radiation around the vertical axis (omnidirectional) and having a maximum gain at the horizon.
  • the lower level comprises three metal surfaces 145, 146 and 147, the levels 146 and 147 of which are shown in plan view respectively. figures 20 and 21 .
  • the three metal surfaces of this lower level are connected by at least one conductive wire.
  • the plate 146 has two concentric elements connected to one another by two ribbons and, as can be seen in FIG. figure 21 , the plate 147 has three concentric surfaces, the two outer concentric surfaces are interconnected by two ribbons. The inner concentric surface is connected to the intermediate concentric surface by a single ribbon.
  • any number of concentric elements can be adopted in the same conductive surface, connecting two of these concentric elements to a different terminal of a generator.
  • the different concentric elements do not have symmetry of revolution, according to an embodiment where the surfaces are selected specifically adapted to the intended application.
  • the outer shield of the coaxial guide may constitute the return wire to the vertical mass mentioned above.
  • the second type of excitation is carried out in the plane of one of the surfaces by a coplanar line, this surface possibly having three concentric elements, as represented in FIG. figure 22 , where, in this figure, it is the innermost concentric element which is connected to a first terminal of the generator, and it is the outermost concentric element which is connected to the second terminal of the generator, the intermediate concentric element being connected to the generator only through one or the other of the internal or external concentric elements.
  • the electrical connections may be provided with a link diode that suppresses or adds operating modes depending on the bias voltage applied to the diode.

Claims (7)

  1. Draht-Platten-Antenne, enthaltend einen Generator und zumindest zwei Metallflächen (120, 140), die parallel verlaufen und im Wesentlichen einander überlagert sind, wobei
    - zumindest eine dieser Flächen in zumindest zwei konzentrische Abschnitte (122, 124) unterteilt ist und aus einem mittleren Abschnitt (122) und einem diesen mittleren Abschnitt umgebenden Streifen (124) besteht,
    - diese zumindest zwei Abschnitte über einen (126) oder mehrere leitfähige Streifen bzw. Drähte miteinander verbunden sind,
    - die zumindest zwei einander überlagerten Flächen (120, 140) über zumindest einen leitfähigen Draht bzw. Streifen (160) miteinander verbunden sind,
    - die zumindest zwei Abschnitte der unterteilten Fläche einen Abschnitt einschließen, der mit einem ersten Anschluss des Generators verbunden ist, sowie einen Abschnitt, der mit einem zweiten Anschluss des Generators verbunden ist,
    wobei dieser Aufbau der Antenne ein multifunktionales Verhalten verleiht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne eine elektrische Versorgungsverbindung (150) aufweist, die den ersten Anschluss des Generators/Empfängers mit dem mittleren Abschnitt (122) der in zumindest zwei Abschnitte unterteilten Fläche (120) verbindet, welche elektrische Verbindung aus einem Draht gebildet ist, der sich senkrecht zu den beiden Flächen (120, 140) erstreckt, wobei die elektrische Versorgungsverbindung (150) mit einem Streifen (128) verbunden ist, der mit dem mittleren Abschnitt (122) in zumindest zwei Abschnitte unterteilten Fläche (120) verbunden ist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Versorgungsverbindung (150) aus einem mittleren Leiter einer Koaxialverbindung gebildet ist, welche die zur unterteilten Fläche parallel verlaufende und dieser im Wesentlichen überlagerte Fläche (140) durchsetzt, ohne diese zu berühren.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der leitfähige Draht bzw. Streifen (160) einen Außenbereich (124) der unterteilten Fläche (120) und die zur unterteilten Fläche (120) parallel verlaufende und dieser im Wesentlichen überlagerte Fläche (140) verbindet.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere obere Platten (120) aufweist, die parallel zueinander verlaufen und von identischer Geometrie sind.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere parallel verlaufende Metallflächen (120) aufweist, die jeweils in ein Mittelteil (122) und einen um das Mittelteil herumlaufenden Streifen (124) unterteilt sind, die über einen Streifen oder eine Verbindung zur Masseübernahme (126) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Mittelteile (122) der verschiedenen Platten (120) über Drähte miteinander verbunden sind, welche einen Versorgungsdraht (150) fortsetzen, während die verschiedenen umlaufenden Streifen (124) über Drähte miteinander verbunden sind, die einen Draht zur Masserückleitung (160) fortsetzen.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere parallel verlaufende, massive Metallflächen aufweist, die über zumindest einen Draht (150), vorzugsweise über mehrere Verbindungen miteinander verbunden sind, die nach einer symmetrischen Anordnung angeordnet sind.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie drei Flächen (122, 124, 140) aufweist, die zwischen zwei Anschlüssen eines Generators/Empfängers in Reihe angeordnet sind.
EP02751261.5A 2001-06-18 2002-06-18 Antenne Expired - Lifetime EP1407512B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0107939A FR2826186B1 (fr) 2001-06-18 2001-06-18 Antenne mulitfonctions integrant des ensembles fil-plaque
FR0107939 2001-06-18
PCT/FR2002/002091 WO2002103844A1 (fr) 2001-06-18 2002-06-18 Antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1407512A1 EP1407512A1 (de) 2004-04-14
EP1407512B1 true EP1407512B1 (de) 2014-10-22

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EP02751261.5A Expired - Lifetime EP1407512B1 (de) 2001-06-18 2002-06-18 Antenne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7129899B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1407512B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4118802B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2449359C (de)
FR (1) FR2826186B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002103844A1 (de)

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WO2015029235A1 (ja) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 富士通株式会社 アンテナ装置
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JP6348396B2 (ja) * 2014-10-07 2018-06-27 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ アンテナ装置
FR3030909B1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2018-02-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Antenne fil-plaque ayant un toit capacitif incorporant une fente entre la sonde d'alimentation et le fil de court-circuit
JP6528496B2 (ja) * 2015-03-23 2019-06-12 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ アンテナ装置
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JP6628947B2 (ja) * 2017-08-22 2020-01-15 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置及びアレーアンテナ装置
JP6977457B2 (ja) * 2017-09-29 2021-12-08 株式会社Soken アンテナ装置
CN112467376B (zh) * 2018-06-11 2024-02-27 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 具有抗干扰设置的天线及其制造方法
CN208655890U (zh) * 2018-06-11 2019-03-26 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 天线
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FR3108209B1 (fr) * 2020-03-10 2022-02-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire reconfigurable en fréquence
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US6195048B1 (en) * 1997-12-01 2001-02-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multifrequency inverted F-type antenna
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Title
BURBERRY R.A.; FOSTER P.R.: "Comment: New kind of microstrip antenna: the monopolar wire patch antenna", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 30, no. 10, 12 May 1994 (1994-05-12), UK, pages 745 - 745, XP006000517 *
DELAVEAUD C.; LEVEQUE P.; JECKO B.: "New kind of microstrip antenna: the monopolar wire-patch antenna", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 30, no. 1, 6 January 1994 (1994-01-06), UK, pages 1 - 2, XP006000050 *
DELAVEAUD CH.; LEVEQUE PH.; JECKO B.: "Small-sized low-profile antenna to replace monopole antennas", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 34, no. 8, 16 April 1998 (1998-04-16), UK, pages 716 - 717, XP006009597 *
JECKO B.: "Reply: New kind of microstrip antenna: the monolopar wire patch antenna", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 30, no. 22, 27 October 1994 (1994-10-27), UK, pages 1819, XP006001250, DOI: doi:10.1049/el:19941259 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4118802B2 (ja) 2008-07-16
CA2449359C (fr) 2008-02-19
US20040183735A1 (en) 2004-09-23
CA2449359A1 (fr) 2002-12-27
WO2002103844A1 (fr) 2002-12-27
FR2826186A1 (fr) 2002-12-20
EP1407512A1 (de) 2004-04-14
JP2004531153A (ja) 2004-10-07
FR2826186B1 (fr) 2003-10-10
US7129899B2 (en) 2006-10-31

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