EP0783189A1 - Flache Mikrowellen-Gruppenantenne für die Kommunikation mit geostationären Fernsehsatelliten - Google Patents

Flache Mikrowellen-Gruppenantenne für die Kommunikation mit geostationären Fernsehsatelliten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0783189A1
EP0783189A1 EP96402668A EP96402668A EP0783189A1 EP 0783189 A1 EP0783189 A1 EP 0783189A1 EP 96402668 A EP96402668 A EP 96402668A EP 96402668 A EP96402668 A EP 96402668A EP 0783189 A1 EP0783189 A1 EP 0783189A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
excitation circuits
recesses
lines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96402668A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Emmanuel Rammos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agence Spatiale Europeenne filed Critical Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Publication of EP0783189A1 publication Critical patent/EP0783189A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a receiving and / or transmitting microwave flat array antenna.
  • It relates more particularly to a dual polarization and double beam antenna.
  • double beam antennas are very interesting for many applications such as the reception of two satellites placed on different orbital positions.
  • pairs of satellites such as ASTRA and TELECOM, ASTRA and EUTELSAT, etc.
  • parabolic antennas provided with two reception heads offset from the focal point, each being intended to receive one of the beams.
  • Motorized satellite dishes can also be used which allow the reception of two or more satellites, but are of a high cost price.
  • An interesting alternative to this type of antenna could be constituted by planar array antennas, produced essentially on the basis of multilayer printed circuit boards, more particularly antennas of the radiant-slot type.
  • this type of antenna must have a high efficiency and bandwidth so as to cover the bandwidth of the satellites to be received (typically 20% of the combined band).
  • Inclined beams for array type antennas can be generated by supplying the radiating elements, with which these antennas are provided, by progressive phase shift signals, so as to adapt to the phase differences of the inclined wave received by each element. radiant.
  • This phase shift can be obtained in the network supply circuit by numerous methods, for example by using phase shifters, delay lines, etc. These methods are well known in the case of radar applications or space transmissions.
  • phase shift can be obtained by an appropriate modification of the length of the supply lines, as shown, for example, in the book by RP OWENS: "Handbook of Microstrip Antennas", JR James Hall, PS Hall, IEE, Vol II., 1989, Peter Peregrinus, London, pages 825-843 and 858-866, (see more particularly figure 14.9).
  • phase excitations of the radiating elements must be provided, by means of beam conformers.
  • beam conformers For this purpose, one can use Blass or Butler matrices, for example.
  • radiating elements with transitions are practically excluded for the production of antennas for reception of direct broadcast television satellites. Indeed, they have a low bandwidth, require the use of high performance dielectrics and imply very high manufacturing tolerances. Even in the case of a double polarization, simply at two levels, networks with power transitions for a satellite reception antenna are not suitable. Such networks have not been marketed, a fortiori, at the manufacturing stage, this type of transition network is not compatible for multilayer power supplies, without having to use vertical transitions, welding steps. , etc., provisions which are very complex and costly to implement.
  • the invention therefore sets itself the goal of an antenna of the aforementioned type, compatible with all the requirements mentioned, in particular a low cost price, a simple manufacture and not requiring compliance with high tolerances, and finally offering a high efficiency and a wide bandaged. It also offers the above double property.
  • the antenna according to the invention retains most of the characteristics of the structure adopted for flat antennas according to the prior art, advantageously those of the antenna described in European patent application EP-A-0 252 779 cited above.
  • the latter antenna in an alternative embodiment allowing double polarization, comprises slot radiating elements.
  • a stack is provided consisting of three metal ground plates provided with recesses and a pair of suspended microstrips, in printed circuit. These microstrips are interposed between the ground plates, one for vertical polarization, the other for horizontal polarization.
  • each pair of microstrips or more generally of transmission lines, has the capacity of double polarization.
  • the antenna according to the invention has a reception and / or transmission capacity in double polarization and in double beam, which enables it to receive and / or transmit, from and / or to two different directions, a signal electromagnetic having two different polarizations.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a planar microwave antenna comprising a plurality of slotted radiating elements, arranged in space according to a determined configuration, the antenna consisting of a multilayer stack comprising first, second and third plates. mass, substantially parallel to each other, each provided with shaped recesses determined and aligned in pairs along an axis orthogonal to the planes formed by the three plates, and first and second independent excitation circuits, arranged in first and second planes, the first plane being located between the first and second ground plates and the second plane being located between the second and third ground plates, these excitation circuits being made up of suspended lines of signal transmission, cooperating with the recesses by electromagnetic coupling to form said radiating elements, the excitation circuits being arranged so that the antenna emits and / or receives first and second beams of electromagnetic waves, towards and / or from two directions inclined with respect to each other, characterized in that said stack comprises at least third and fourth independent excitation circuits, arranged in third and fourth planes, in c e that these ex
  • the invention also relates to the application of such an antenna to the direct reception of geostationary television satellites placed on different orbital positions.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the planar antenna At in section.
  • Figure 2 illustrates, in cutaway, a detail of this antenna relating to one of the radiating elements Er i ; i being any index between 1 and the total number of radiating elements. It should indeed be understood that this type of antenna has many radiating elements Er i , distributed, for example, along the rows and columns of a matrix configuration, so as to form an array.
  • the antenna shown in these FIGS. 1 and 2 is of the line type with suspended microstrips, constituted by central conductors 140 carried by a dielectric support sheet 14. This is suspended between two metal plates, upper and lower, 12 and 11, respectively.
  • the plates are each provided with recesses (circular in the example described), 120 and 110, respectively, aligned in pairs at the projecting terminations of the central conductors 140 forming microstrips.
  • planar array antenna At illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2
  • planar array antenna At is more complex, because it allows a double polarization or a double beam.
  • the plate 13 is a sheet of dielectric material and supports elongated conductors 130 forming microstrips and similar to the conductors 140. They are however arranged in two directions orthogonal to each other.
  • the plate 10 is a metal plate and supports recesses 100, aligned with the recesses 110 and 120.
  • each radiating element Er i of the network of the antenna At, two independent power supply lines (not shown) are arranged on two separate planes, for example the planes of the dielectric sheets 13 and 14.
  • the microstrips 130 and 140 constitute the active terminations of these supply lines.
  • the basic multi-plate structure of the planar array antenna At therefore consists of five plates or sheets. This basic multi-plate structure is completed by a reflective metallic bottom plate 15.
  • the excitation in "vertical" polarization is provided, for example, by the microstrip circuit 140, and the “horizontal” polarization is provided, in this case by the microstrip circuit 130.
  • the functions can naturally be reversed.
  • the median mass plate 11 is used by the two microstrip circuits 130 and 140.
  • the relative positioning of planes 10, 13, 11, 14 and 12 and 15, the dimensioning of the recesses 120 and 110 and the length of the projecting terminations of the central conductors 130 and 140 are determined so that the recesses 120 and 110 play the role of radiant slots electromagnetically coupled to the power line, for a relatively wide operating frequency band.
  • the recesses, 120 and 110, of the same pair have their centers aligned on a vertical axis (that is to say orthogonal to the plates of the structure) and can have equal diameters.
  • the diameters of the recesses of the same pair may be slightly different, which has the effect of increasing the bandwidth.
  • each recess depends essentially on its dimensions, and if two recesses of the same pair have slightly different central operating frequencies, the total bandwidth is increased.
  • the diameter of the recesses, 120 and 110, is of the order of 0.3 to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the spacing between two consecutive elements, on a line or a column of the above-mentioned matrix configuration is typically within a range 0.7 to 0.9 wavelength.
  • the bottom reflecting plate 15 makes it possible to impose a determined direction on the radiated energy. It is located at a distance from the multi-plate structure of the antenna At on the order of a quarter of the wavelength. This distance is very important, because it gives the possibility of optimizing the operation jointly with the dimensions of the power supply line, 130 and 140, and of the various printed networks of microstrips.
  • each excitation line can be obtained by adjusting the length of the advancing terminations opposite the aforementioned recesses, 100, 110 and 120, and the distance separating the multi-plate structure from the bottom reflecting plate 15. In conferring a phase shift of + 90 ° and -90 ° to the signals conveyed by the excitation lines, one can obtain a circular polarization, right or left, respectively. If a -3 dB hybrid circuit is used to combine the signals from the two linear polarization outputs, double circular polarization can be obtained.
  • FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the excitation circuits carried by the dielectric support 14, referenced with respect to two orthonormal axes YX.
  • the primary supply circuit Ca starts from a single line entering the plate 14, parallel to the axis Y (in the example described) and which is regularly subdivided into a tree structure consisting of a series of lines parallel to the axes Y and X. The ultimate endings of this tree structure feed the microstrips 140.
  • a great symmetry of the topology of the circuits is observed with respect to the center C of the plate 14 (first subdivision).
  • all the lines constituting the supply circuits pass between the slots of the radiating elements Er i and draw nested "H" s, connected to each other, oriented alternately along the two axes X and Y, and the dimensions of which decrease regularly.
  • this type of antenna allows only a double polarization or a double beam. It does not allow double property, that is to say double polarization and the double beam (two distinct directions of emission and / or reception).
  • the antenna according to the invention has both the capacity of double beam and of double polarization.
  • two additional circuits, 160 and 170 are each made up of microstrips suspended in printed circuits, for the double polarization of one of the two beams (the beam arbitrarily referenced No. 1). They are placed, the first, 170, on a dielectric sheet 17, placed at the "top" of the sandwich (in this case above the upper plate 12); the second, 160, on a dielectric sheet 16, placed below the bottom plate 10.
  • microstrips cooperate with the recesses, 100, 101 and 120, of the metal plates 10, 11 and 12 so as to form radiating elements with slot Er i .
  • the microstrips, 160 and 170 are arranged (in the example described) on their respective supports, 16 and 17, in two directions orthogonal to each other, D 160 and D 170 , to obtain crossed polarizations, that is to say horizontal and vertical.
  • the middle metal plate can be omitted by appropriately spacing the circuits surrounding it.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates, in section, a first variant.
  • the flat antenna, referenced here 1 ′ consists, as before, of three metal plates 10, 11 and 12, provided with recesses, 100, 110 and 120, respectively, to form the radiating elements with slot Er i .
  • the distribution in the sandwich layers is also different.
  • the circuits 160 are placed above the plate 10 (supposed to be the bottom plate of the sandwich).
  • the circuits 130 and 140 are located on either side (below and above, respectively) of the intermediate plate 11.
  • the circuits 170 are located below the plate 12.
  • microstrips in this embodiment, can be replaced by coplanar waveguides.
  • polarization No. 1 represents either the horizontal polarization or the vertical polarization
  • polarization No. 2 representing the dual polarization. Indeed, this depends on the relative directions of the microstrips 160, 130, 140 and 170.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another example of a multi-plate structure of a planar array antenna, referenced here 1 ".
  • the sandwich forming the 1 "antenna consists of five metal plates, 10a, 10, 11, 12 and 12a (10a being the bottom plate of the 1" sandwich in FIG. 7), comprising recesses, 100a, 100, 110, 120 and 120a, respectively, and four sheets of dielectric material, 16, 13, 14 and 17, support for microstrips or coplanar waveguides: 160, 130, 140 and 170, respectively.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 are detail figures, in section, illustrating three alternative embodiments allowing the spacing of the planes, 16 or 13, supports of the microstrips 130 and 160, relative to the ground plane 10.
  • the spacing between two circuit support planes is obtained by bosses, 101 and 102, produced in the intermediate metallic ground plane 10. More precisely, these bosses have "positive" alternations (upwards, in the figure), 101, in contact with the support 13, and “negative” alternations (down, in the figure) in contact with the support 16.
  • These supports, 16 and 13, are advantageously made up of dielectric films (for example Mylar® or Kapton®) on which are engraved, in printed circuits, microstrips 160 and 130, respectively. The thickness of these films is typically of the order of 25 to 75 ⁇ m.
  • the spacing between two support planes is typically in the range 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the bosses therefore have an "amplitude" of approximately 0.25 to 1 mm.
  • the spacing can also be provided by layers of dielectric expanded foam, of appropriate thickness.
  • the spacing is obtained by means of spacers, 18, arranged between the planes 16 and 10, on the one hand, and the planes 10 and 13, on the other hand .
  • Various materials can be used: plastic, foam, metal, etc.
  • the fixing can be obtained in a conventional manner: screwing, gluing, etc.
  • the spacers 18 can also be used as mode suppressors.
  • the supports 16 and 13 are plates of dielectric material of greater thickness and are used both as a support and as a spacer.
  • the metal ground circuit 10 comprising the recesses 100 is etched.
  • at least one plates, 16 or 13, is a double-sided printed circuit.
  • the type of transmission lines used can be, as already indicated, a microstrip. However, it can be made up of other conventional types: slotted line, co-planar line, two-wire line, radiating elements with a loop, dipole, slit, or any combination of these types of lines.
  • FIG. 11 to 15 illustrate some of these different types of lines.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example of co-planar waveguides, 16c and 13c, produced on the supports 160 and 130, respectively, and separated by the ground plane 10 provided with the recesses 100.
  • Each line in the example described, comprises an elongated central conductor, 131c or 161c, opening into a recessed area, 163c or 133c, of a metal area, 162c or 132c, for example of square or circular shape.
  • the central conductor, 161c or 131c is surrounded by a solid metal zone: the external conductors 162c or 132c, also surrounding the hollowed-out zone, 163c or 133c.
  • the ground plane 10 consists of a metal plate comprising recesses 100 aligned with the recesses 163c and 133c.
  • the printed circuit supports, 16 and 13 may consist, as previously, of dielectric films, if spacers or other spacers are used (FIGS. 8 or 9), or thicker dielectric plates (figure 10).
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example of slotted lines, 16s and 13s, produced on the supports 16 and 13, respectively, and separated by the ground plane 10 provided with recesses 100.
  • Each slotted line in the example described, comprises a central groove, 131s or 161s, opening into a recessed area, 162s or 132s, of a metal pad, 163s or 133s, for example of square shape.
  • This central groove, 161s or 131s is surrounded by a solid metal zone, 162s or 132s, also surrounding the recess, 163s or 133s.
  • ground plane 10 and the supports, 16 and 13, retain the same structure as above.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example of two-wire lines with a dipole element, 16d and 13d, produced on the supports 16 and 13, respectively, and separated by the ground plane 10 provided with recesses 100.
  • Each line firstly comprises two parallel ribbons, 161d1 - 161d2 and 131d1 - 131d2, respectively. These two parallel ribbons extend, in a zone situated below (for line 16d) or above (for line 13d) of the recess 100, by two branches, 162d1 - 162d2 and 132d1 - 132d2, respectively, forming an angle of 90 ° with the aforementioned microstrips.
  • ground plane 10 and the supports, 16 and 13, retain the same structure as above.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of two-wire lines with a loop element, 16b and 13b, produced on the supports 16 and 13, respectively, and separated by the ground plane 10 provided with recesses 100.
  • Each line firstly comprises two parallel ribbons, 161b1 - 161b2 and 131b1 - 131b2, respectively.
  • These two parallel ribbons extend, in an area located below (for line 16d) or above (for line 13d) of the recess 100, by a loop, 163b and 133b, respectively. More specifically, this loop, 163b and 133b, respectively, has the same shape as the recess 100, so as to be aligned with it.
  • Figure 15 illustrates another example of a suspended microstrip line configuration.
  • the general structure is similar to that illustrated in Figure 5.
  • microstrips, 16m and 13m have two parts: a microstrip part proper, 161m and 131m, respectively, which ends in a solid central metal area, 162m and 132m, respectively. More precisely, this solid central metal area, 162m and 132m, has substantially the same shape as the recess 100, so as to be aligned with it.
  • the solid central metal areas (for example the 162 m or 132 m areas in FIG. 15), as well as the recesses 100 may have various shapes: square, circular, elliptical, cruciform, annular, etc.
  • the structure of the complete antenna can be in accordance with that taught by the above-mentioned European patent application EP-A-0 252 779.
  • the complete antenna comprises two main parts: a multilayer stack and an external ground plane 15 forming a reflector.
  • FIG. 16 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a complete planar array antenna. To fix the ideas, we considered the antenna structure 1 ′ in the variant illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the multi-plate stack constitutes a first part of the antenna, referenced A in FIG. 16.
  • the upper plate of the stack is a ground plane 12 provided with recesses 120.
  • the lower planes successively comprise, starting from the top, two planes, 17 and 14, of excitation circuits (FIG. 6: 170 and 140), a median ground plane 11 with recesses (FIG. 6: 110), again, two planes, 13 and 16, of excitation circuits (FIG. 6: 130 and 160), and one plane mass less than 10 with recesses (Figure 6: 100).
  • the excitation circuits constitute the active terminations of circuits for supplying Ca energy (for a transmitting antenna) or for transmitting signals (for a receiving antenna), shown in dotted lines in FIG. 16.
  • the recesses (for example 120, for the plate 12) are arranged regularly at the intersections of the rows and columns of a rectangular matrix.
  • the second part of the antenna 1 ′, referenced B in FIG. 16, consists of a metal housing 19, the bottom of which serves as an external mass and plays the role of the reflective plate 15.
  • the space between the first circuit support or the first ground plane with recess, according to the embodiments (for example the ground plate 10 in the example described), can advantageously be filled with foam.
  • the plates can be spaced apart by layers of foam.
  • the assembly can naturally, and in a known manner, be completed by a protective envelope (not shown) permeable to waves, for example of plastic material.
  • the structure 19 forms a box, with its bottom and its folded side edges, 150 and 151. It is also possible (in a variant embodiment not shown) to use cavities behind each radiating element or group of radiating elements (for example columns ). This variant embodiment, in itself, is described in the aforementioned European patent application. This cavity structure generally allows a greater inclination of the two waves transmitted and / or received, one with respect to the other.
  • the invention allows multiple combinations of beam polarization: for example a double linear beam polarization, plus two crossed beam polarizations.
  • the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself.
  • the additional cost is also very limited.
  • the antenna according to the teaching of the invention is perfectly usable for general public applications, in particular in the preferred application, that is to say the reception of two geostationary satellites for broadcasting programs of television.
  • ground planes as well as the housing, can be produced simply by stamping metal sheet, which constitutes an operation, both not very complex and inexpensive.
  • the antenna essentially uses known technologies, per se, and commonly used in the field of transmission and / or reception, in particular in the frequency range of the order of 12 GHz in the preferred reception application. geostationary satellites. It follows that the aforementioned parameters (dimensions, choice of materials) constitute only a simple technological choice within the reach of those skilled in the art and which essentially depend on the precise application envisaged.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP96402668A 1996-01-03 1996-12-09 Flache Mikrowellen-Gruppenantenne für die Kommunikation mit geostationären Fernsehsatelliten Withdrawn EP0783189A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9600020A FR2743199B1 (fr) 1996-01-03 1996-01-03 Antenne reseau plane hyperfrequence receptrice et/ou emettrice, et son application a la reception de satellites de television geostationnaires
FR9600020 1996-01-03

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EP0783189A1 true EP0783189A1 (de) 1997-07-09

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EP96402668A Withdrawn EP0783189A1 (de) 1996-01-03 1996-12-09 Flache Mikrowellen-Gruppenantenne für die Kommunikation mit geostationären Fernsehsatelliten

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US (1) US5872545A (de)
EP (1) EP0783189A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH09326631A (de)
CA (1) CA2194113A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2743199B1 (de)

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US5872545A (en) 1999-02-16
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CA2194113A1 (fr) 1997-07-04
FR2743199B1 (fr) 1998-02-27

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