EP0252779B1 - Antennenelement mit einem Streifen, der zwischen zwei selbsttragenden und mit untereinanderliegenden strahlenden Schlitzen vorgesehenen Grundplatten hängt und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben - Google Patents

Antennenelement mit einem Streifen, der zwischen zwei selbsttragenden und mit untereinanderliegenden strahlenden Schlitzen vorgesehenen Grundplatten hängt und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0252779B1
EP0252779B1 EP19870401252 EP87401252A EP0252779B1 EP 0252779 B1 EP0252779 B1 EP 0252779B1 EP 19870401252 EP19870401252 EP 19870401252 EP 87401252 A EP87401252 A EP 87401252A EP 0252779 B1 EP0252779 B1 EP 0252779B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
planar antenna
antenna according
slots
plates
antenna
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EP19870401252
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0252779A1 (de
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Emmanuel Rammos
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR8608106A external-priority patent/FR2599899B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8700181A external-priority patent/FR2609577B2/fr
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Priority to AT87401252T priority Critical patent/ATE95635T1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0081—Stripline fed arrays using suspended striplines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat microwave antenna as indicated in the introduction to the main claim.
  • Such an antenna is known from European patent application EP-A-0123350.
  • the antenna described in patent application EP-A-064313 relates to an antenna of the "stripline" type intended to operate in circular polarization, and has the drawback of involving the use of an expensive solid dielectric material.
  • the prior device described proposes to produce two separate supply lines located in the same plane.
  • a supply system is only possible when the planar network consists only of a small number of elements.
  • the planar network consists only of a small number of elements.
  • the planar network consists only of sixteen elements out of sixteen, owing to the fact that some of the lines must cross.
  • the system described is therefore relatively expensive and incapable of serving as a principle for the realization of a network for DBS satellite (direct telecommunications satellite for radio or television broadcasting), which commonly comprises systems of 200 to 1000 elements.
  • DBS satellite direct telecommunications satellite for radio or television broadcasting
  • the present invention proposes to produce a network antenna making it possible in particular to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above of the known devices.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a network antenna of simple construction, thanks to the original arrangement. supply lines, and with low tolerance requirements.
  • a second object of the invention is to produce the radiating elements integrated into the structure of the supply lines, also for reasons of simplicity of construction.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce such a network antenna which operates over a wide band, by virtue of the grouping, in pairs (or in greater number), of radiating slits electromagnetically coupled to the supply leagues.
  • a complementary object of the invention is to provide a highly efficient antenna (thanks to a low-loss feed system), which can also operate in double circular polarization.
  • the present invention also discloses several variants of a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing such antennas involving shaping and assembly processes with mild tolerance adapted to mass production.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such manufacturing methods allowing maximum standardization of the constituent elements of each antenna.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide methods of manufacturing and assembling several standardized antenna modules, with the aim of producing large radiating surfaces at low cost price.
  • a flat microwave antenna comprising a central conductor interposed between two ground planes, said central conductor being a microstrip conductor carried by a dielectric support sheet suspended between the upper and lower ground planes, and radiating elements which cooperate with terminations of the conductor in electromagnetic coupling, the spacing between the dielectric sheet supporting the central conductor and the metal plates being maintained by means of spaced positioning pads, characterized in that that the radiating elements are radiating slots formed in the ground planes and aligned in pairs and in that said ground planes are produced by thin self-supporting metallic plates forming a thin triple structure with said dielectric support sheet. These radiating slots can be circular.
  • This structure characterizing the antenna according to the invention then makes it possible to obtain operation over a wide band, in particular if the two recesses of the same pair do not have quite the same diameter, and if the triplate structure is overcome by '' an additional plate also hollowed out.
  • the support sheet for the microstrip can be produced in an inexpensive dielectric without drawbacks.
  • the positioning pads can be made of dielectric material.
  • the triplate structure A formed of said support sheet of the supply circuit and of the two metal plates is completed by a reflective lower plate, said reflective lower plate being separated from the triplate structure A by a distance equivalent to approximately a quarter. wavelength.
  • the antenna also comprises closed rear cavities and / or open front cavities, in alignment with at least some of the pairs of radiating slots, said cavities being produced by low tolerance shaping methods.
  • the adjacent input modules of a modular antenna assembly according to the invention cooperate with common inputs / outputs of the signal in the form of low loss waveguides.
  • the objectives of the invention are also achieved using a method of manufacturing the antennas characterized in that the shaping of each of said ground plates is carried out by a stamping / stamping operation on the one hand pierce said radiating slots and on the other hand push spacing stops on the face of the plates facing the dielectric sheet supporting the central conductor, in that said antenna is assembled by simply resting non-conductive areas of the support sheet dielectric of the conductor printed against the repellents facing the plates of lower and upper mass so as to protrude the terminations of the conductive circuit between pairs of aligned slots, and by overlapping said triplate thus produced above a plate metallic background located at the rear of the antenna, and in that one immobilizes with respect to the other and solidaris e the bottom metal plate and the elements of said triplate thus assembled by fixing means.
  • the method includes a step of manufacturing cavities, and a step of assembling each cavity to the rear of the antenna in correspondence with a pair of radiating slots.
  • said cavities are produced in particular by a stamping / stamping operation of a metal plate, or by construction of a grid formed by an interlacing of blades on the field defining between them rectangular cells closed by the bottom plate , or by mounting cylinder trunks on the bottom plate, or finally by fitting a metal lining against the walls of cells formed in a block of non-metallic material.
  • the means for fixing the elements of the antenna ensuring their relative immobilization and their joining consist of a set of tightening bolts of the assembly, or also of a housing reception of the superimposed elements of the antenna, the raised edges of which are integral with the base plate of the antenna.
  • the method includes a step of manufacturing an additional coupling ring consisting of bottomless cavities produced in particular in a similar manner to the closed cavities situated at the rear of the antenna, and a step assembly of said crown on the radiating face of the antenna, so as to align each bottomless cavity with a pair of radiating slots.
  • the method according to the invention also includes a step of assembling several antenna modules manufactured according to one of the preceding methods, in which several elements of plate plates are juxtaposed mass, and possibly several elements of rear cavities and / or front crowns in coupling with a single conductive circuit.
  • This manufacturing process by reducing the size of the metal elements to be shaped, and allowing their standardization, makes it possible to further reduce the cost price of the antenna.
  • the modularity of the antenna is particularly advantageous for applications for reception of television broadcasts by satellite, for which the receiving surface is for example around 0.3 m2 (individual antenna), as presented below.
  • each module consists of an independent conductive circuit cooperating with ground plates, rear cavities and specific front rings.
  • the method of coupling the modules is then for example characterized in that the input / output of the antenna is carried out by waveguide, either by coupling the conductive circuits of at least two modules by "T" link with single termination on common waveguide, either by separately performing the input / output of each module on independent waveguides coupled by power divider (s) in waveguide (s).
  • Standardization of manufacturing of modular conductive circuits is advantageously obtained when the antenna manufacturing process consists in using support plates of the identical conductive circuit for each module, the support plates being alternately turned front and back when they are inserted between the plates. stamped mass from adjacent modules.
  • the relative positioning of the planes 11, 12, 13, 14, the dimensioning of the recesses 20a, 20b, and the length 1 of the projecting termination 30 of the conductor 22 are chosen so that the recesses 20a, 20b play the role of coupled radiating slots electromagnetically, for a relatively wide operating frequency band.
  • the recesses 20a, 20b of the same pair have their centers aligned on a vertical axis, and may have an equal diameter. However, it is preferable that the diameters of the recesses of the same pair are slightly different to improve the bandwidth.
  • each recess depends essentially on its dimensions, and if the two recesses of the same pair have a slightly different central operating frequency, the total bandwidth is increased.
  • the diameter of the recesses is of the order of 0.3 to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the spacing between two consecutive recesses on a row or a column can be equal to 0.7 to 0.9 wavelength.
  • the bottom reflecting plate 14 makes it possible to give a direction to the radiated energy, and is located at a distance from the triplate structure A of the order of a quarter wavelength.
  • the distance between this bottom reflecting plate and the structure of the triplate is very important since it gives the possibility of optimizing the operation in conjunction with the dimensions of the supply line 22.
  • FIG. 10 represents another embodiment of an antenna mode according to the present invention, consisting of the successive stacking of a stamped bottom plate 14 forming closed cavities 26, of a bottom ground plate 13 stamped , of a support plate 12 of the conductive circuit 22 and of a stamped upper ground sheet 11 and of a stamped upper crown 25 forming open cavities 27.
  • this embodiment of the antenna exclusively involves a metal sheet stamping technology for the manufacture of the four plates 11, 13, 14, 25.
  • the stamping operation makes it possible on the one hand to release the recesses 20a, 20b forming each radiating pair, and forming bulges or stops 31 forming positioning pads. These bulges 31 come to bear on the dielectric intermediate plate 12, and define the spacing between the three plates of the structure A.
  • a supply circuit of the "suspended" type is thus obtained, while producing the radiating elements themselves .
  • This type of antenna is therefore particularly suitable for mass production, at reduced cost price.
  • stamped sheet 25 can also be placed upside down (upside down), relative to its position in fig.10).
  • Figure 10 does not in any way account for the proportion of spacings and thicknesses of the plates. Indeed the distances Hu and Hl in particular have been considerably oversized for reasons of clarity.
  • the adaptation of this element is a function of the length 1 of penetration of the termination 30 between the slots 20a, 20b, of the distance d f between the triplate 11, 12, 13 and the bottom of the cavity 26, of the diameter D C of the cavity, of the diameter D e of the slots 20a, 20b, and the impedance Z O of the supply conductor.
  • Z O depends on the width w of the central conductor, on the thickness H of the dielectric plate 12, and on the distances H U and H L separating the electrical support plate 12 and the upper mass plate 11 and lower 13 respectively, as well as the dielectric constant ⁇ R of the support plate 12.
  • FIG. 5 represents the calculations carried out on a line of the antenna (by the CAD program "Supercompact"), in which the central conductor has been moved between the two ground plates, keeping constant the distance b separating the ground plates.
  • the distance b between the ground planes 11 and 13 is not very critical either for the resulting impedance of the system, whether for the S band or the X band.
  • the second important parameter is the efficiency of the antenna, that is to say its gain per unit area.
  • the antenna claimed has an almost constant gain over a very large bandwidth (12.5% on the 4x4 element prototype).
  • satellite reception antennas usable in Europe will only be asked for a bandwidth of around 7% (from 11.7 to 12.5 GHz). Consequently, there is a comfortable margin for adaptation of the antenna, which easily tolerates inaccuracies in shaping and mounting due to the rusticity of the manufacturing technologies employed for the invention.
  • the efficiency of the antenna is further increased by limiting the losses in each radiating element.
  • the claimed technology lends itself perfectly to optimization in this area. Indeed, the fact of using air as a dielectric between the support plate 12 and the two ground planes 11, 13 makes it possible to reduce the losses in comparison with an equivalent antenna of the "stripline” or "microstrip” type, where the central conductor is separated from two ground planes or from a single ground plane respectively, by an expensive dielectric solid material.
  • the dielectric of the support plate 12 can be as thin as possible without affecting its mechanical stability. For example, it has been found that a thickness of 25 to 75 microns is perfectly suitable. The losses as presented in FIGS.
  • pairs of radiating slits 20a, 20b has the effect of concentrating the radiant energy in a zone lower than for example that obtained in embodiments where each conductive termination 30 is only coupled to cavities forming waveguide .
  • the width of a waveguide D L is greater than the width D e of the radiating slits. Due to the location of the radiating effect caused by the radiating slits, the distance between two adjacent elements (for example element A and element B of the antenna module of FIG. 10) can be reduced for a value tolerable minimum decoupling between lines.
  • FIG. 3 An exemplary embodiment of the supply circuit 22 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the impedance of the supply circuit 22 depends on the width that it has in each of its conductive portions, for a distance b given between the plates 11 and 13.
  • the power dividers of circuit 22, as shown in FIG. 3, can be easily produced so as to obtain that the two decoupled outputs 41, 43 are adapted. This is achieved if the power ratio released by the two outputs 41, 43 is equal to or close to unity. It is therefore not necessary to provide a fourth output (for example in the form of a Wilkinson resistor bridged between the two decoupled outputs).
  • the power divider of FIG. 3 is for example of the type with two adapted output sections 44, 45, of a quarter wavelength, with a width W of the doors producing an impedance Zo and a width W 'of said sections having a characteristic impedance equal to 2 1/2 Z O.
  • FIGS 16, 17, 18 show optimized embodiments for modules of 16 x 16 elements (two adjacent modules are shown in each figure).
  • Each of the embodiments shown is particularly advantageous insofar as each of the 512 elements of the antenna is located at exactly the same electrical distance from the input / output of the antenna, and the resulting drawing emerges, on the support plate of the conductor, non-conductive areas 90 where the pushed-in positioning studs 31 of the ground planes can rest without inconvenience.
  • the polarization of the antenna according to the invention depends on the polarization of each of the radiating elements.
  • the polarization is linear with an electric field E parallel to the excitation lines.
  • Circular polarization can be obtained by using a printed plane polarizer (for example a meandering line polarizer) placed above the triplate.
  • a printed plane polarizer for example a meandering line polarizer
  • Another method of obtaining a circular polarization consists in exciting two perpendicular linear polarizations in each of the radiating elements.
  • FIG. 6 represents an embodiment of the invention, in which the two independent supply lines serving to excite each of the radiating elements of the network are at two different levels 51, 52.
  • the structure A of the antenna therefore consists of five superimposed plates, namely three metallized plates 53, 54, 55 pierced with aligned recesses 20A, 20B, 20C, between which the two dielectric sheets 51, 52 carrying the supply circuits 56, 57.
  • the middle ground plate 54 is used by the two circuits 56, 57.
  • the two external recesses 20a, 20c have the same diameter.
  • each excitation line is obtained by adjusting the length of their termination advancing opposite said recesses, and the distance to the reflective bottom plate 58.
  • a phase shift at + 90 ° or -90 ° at the excitation lines, one can obtain a right or left circular polarization. If a hybrid - 3dB is used to combine the signals from the two outputs linear polarization, we can obtain a double circular polarization.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 present variants of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.
  • the suspended triplate A in FIG. 7, is surmounted by an additional coupling element 60.
  • the triplate A is surmounted by an additional plate 70 provided with a recess 71 substantially in alignment with the recesses 20a, 20b.
  • the additional plate 70 can also be stamped, and separated from the triplate A by dielectric spacers 72 or stops formed by stamping.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 make it possible to increase the bandwidth, that of FIG. 8 being probably better from an electrical point of view.
  • the dielectric plate 12 carrying the supply circuit 22 is not located between the two metallized plates 11, 13.
  • This embodiment is produced in FIG. 9.
  • the array antenna then consists of a succession of plates in a different order from that of FIG. 1, the upper plate 11 and the lower plate 13 being separated by a spacer 80.
  • the dielectric plate 12 carrying the circuit 22 is next to the outside of the double plate thus formed, on the side of the plate bottom 14.
  • the supply circuit 22 is in the form of an inverted printed circuit. In any event, the dielectric plate 12 prevents any contact between the circuit 22 and the metallized plate 13.
  • Figures 11, 12, 13, 14 illustrate four technologies for manufacturing the front and rear cavities, for a ground plane antenna module 11, 13.
  • FIG. 11 is an exploded view of a module with 4 x 4 elements of an antenna of the type shown in FIG. 10.
  • the module simply consists of the stack of stamped sheets 14, 13, 11, 25, in the middle of which is placed the support plate 12 of the conductive circuit 22.
  • the plates 11 and 13 can be eliminated.
  • the stack thus produced can be held in place either by means of bolts 26 passing through all the plates (FIG. 2), or by producing the bottom plate 14 in the form of a housing.
  • the stack can either be placed on the housing, or introduced at least partially inside the housing. In all cases, a predetermined spacing d f must be obtained between the triplate and the bottom of the housing.
  • the housing can be stamped, or machined by any other means, or even produced by metallization of a non-metallic housing.
  • the assembly and the locking of the assembly are carried out by screwing, gluing, welding or other.
  • FIG. 11 can, if necessary, be produced with a flat bottom plate 14, possibly forming a support housing, and kept at a distance from the triplate 11, 12, 13.
  • the crown 25 with open cavities 27 is optional.
  • a non-metallic support box B for example: plastic
  • the closed rear cavities 26 can also be in the form of individual stamped cabochons 72 (FIG. 11a) and attached by soldering, bonding or other points to the lower mass plate 13, facing the pairs of radiating slots.
  • FIG. 12 represents another embodiment of an antenna module according to the invention in which the rear closed cavities 26, and the front cavities 27 are produced by metal rings 150, mounted by any means on the bottom plate full 14, and an added plate 151 respectively.
  • the fixing of the rings 150 on the metal bottom plate 14 is carried out by welding, gluing or the like.
  • the added plate 151 may be metallic or non-metallic, and the rings 150 may also be glued or the like on the plates 14,151.
  • the housing B serves as a housing for a set of cylindrical metal rings 150 on which the triplate 11, 12, 13 will come to rest. 14 and 25 have become useless.
  • the rings 150 are mounted by any means on the bottom plate of the housing and / or on the lower ground plate 13.
  • the fixing of the rings 150 on the metal or metallized plate of the bottom of the housing and / or on the ground plate 13 is carried out by welding, gluing or the like.
  • the housing B serves as a housing for a set of intercrossed blades 160 placed on the field, and forming a grid on which the triplate 11, 12 will come to rest, 13.
  • the grid is formed of blades provided with notches 161, and intended to fit into one another as shown in FIG. 13b.
  • the intersection of the blades defines cavities 162 each corresponding to one of the radiating elements of the triplate.
  • shape of the cavities of the antenna module is not a limiting characteristic of the invention, as is the shape of the radiating slots 20a, 20b.
  • Circular, square, elliptical, rectangular, polygonal sections as required may be suitable.
  • the rectangular openings are advantageous for freeing up more space for the passage of the conductor 22.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention, according to which the closed rear cavities 26 are produced by placing a metal covering on the non-opening recess walls 170 formed in a non-metallic bottom block 171.
  • the bottom block can be made of plastic, and the metallization of the cavities can be performed using aluminum foil.
  • the support box B of FIG. 14 can be omitted.
  • the bottom block can also be replaced by a juxtaposition of elementary blocks, each having one or more cavities. In the case where the recesses are through, the metal bottom plate closes the cavities.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 can be combined and in particular that the antenna modules of FIGS. 13 and 14 can be provided with a front crown of the type with stamped plates, or with rings 150.
  • the adding open front cavities 27 increases the gain of the antenna.
  • the cavity height is preferably greater than 0.1 times the emission wavelength. For example, a height of the open cavities of 5 mm to 10 mm would give an increase in gain of the order of 2 dB depending on the geometry, for an operating frequency of 12 GHz.
  • the modules can then be coated with an electromagnetically neutral material of the type of an expanded or molded plastic, for example expanded polyurethane.
  • This coating has the particular advantage of protecting the module against bad weather when the antenna is to be used outside.
  • an antenna can be produced by combining several modules.
  • this technique has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost, by reducing the size of the tools used.
  • the savings made can be significant; furthermore, the reduction in the size of the tools makes it possible to better control the precision of shaping of the stamped plates.
  • FIG. 15 shows a first embodiment of a modular antenna, in which the single conductor circuit 80 covers two modules 81, 82 produced according to any one of the embodiments described above. More specifically, the left part of the support plate 80 is inserted for example between an upper mass plate 11a, and a mass plate lower 13a mounted in a housing Ba as regards the first module 81, and between corresponding components 11b, 13b, B b as regards the second module 82.
  • the conductive circuit 80 is for example of the type shown in FIG. 16.
  • This embodiment is relatively satisfactory, but has the drawback that the input / output section 83 of the antenna conductor runs along the intersection of the modules.
  • the junction gap can be closed with a thin sheet of metal, for example copper self-adhesive or others.
  • the conductor 83 is therefore produced in the form of two decoupled parallel lines, on either side of the junction plane of two adjacent antenna modules.
  • each antenna element is at an identical electrical distance from the entry / exit point of the conductive circuit.
  • the two modules have identical conductive circuits oriented in the same direction (without having symmetry with respect to the junction line).
  • the supply sections 110 run along the entire edge concerned support plates 22a, 22b, in order to standardize their manufacture; in this case, the parasitic half-sections are disconnected by notch over their entire width, preferably at 45 °, at their connection with the vertical lines.
  • the input / output of the adjacent modules is preferably carried out in waveguides as shown in FIG. 19 or 20.
  • the use of an output directly in waveguide is advantageous compared to the use of a coaxial which constitutes a more expensive solution.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an input / output waveguide in the case where the two adjacent conductive circuits are electrically connected by T-divider to present a single termination 120.
  • openings 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b are made on the joining edges of the upper plates 11a and 11b and lower 13a, 13b of the adjacent modules.
  • the pair of openings thus produced after joining the modules is completed by an upper cover 123 forming a closed waveguide element, and returning to an input / output waveguide 124 located on the other side of the triplate .
  • the upper reflective cover 123 is made for example of metallized plastic, or of a stamped metal sheet. Its height is for example of the order of a quarter wavelength.
  • the input / output waveguide 124 can for example be screwed, glued or the like onto the lower metal ground plates 13a, 13b.
  • This embodiment is suitable both for a single printed circuit cooperating with two modules (case of FIG. 15) as for two separate modules, the respective conductive circuits of which are only subsequently electrically connected to a termination. unique.
  • the electrical connection of the two conductors can for example be carried out as shown in FIG. 21, or the two support plates 12a, 12b of the adjacent modules overlap at their junction, so as to overlap the input / output termination of their respective conducting circuit 22a, 22b.
  • the conductive circuits 22a, 22b of two adjacent modules are produced from two identical printed support plates, one of which is used on the front, and the other on the back.
  • the printed circuit of one of the support plates is on the upper face, while the other printed circuit is on the lower face.
  • the slight offset which results therefrom does not, however, present any drawback, since the low sensitivity of the impedance Z O of the antenna according to the invention has been noted above, and therefore of its adaptation to small variations in the position of the printed circuit. between the two ground planes.
  • the dielectric material support plate which carries the printed conductive circuit 22a, 22b can be very thin, for example of the order of 50 microns.
  • the electrical connection of FIG. 21 can be carried out by drilling right through the support plates 12 a , 12 b at the terminations of input / output 140a, 140b of circuits corresponding conductors, then soldering of the circuits through said holes.
  • FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the combined input / output device of the conductive circuits of two adjacent modules. In this case, no electrical connection is made, and the combination is made through a power divider 130, in an angled waveguide, so as to return the signal along the bottom of the antenna.
  • Each adjacent triplate is then provided with a pair of outlet slots (131a, 131b), to which is attached a double closed cover 132.
  • the double cover 132, as well as the single cover 123 in FIG. 19 can be produced at least partially by stamping the upper plates 11a, 11b of the adjacent modules of the antenna.
  • Parasitic coupling of the two adjacent modules can also be effectively avoided by providing between the modules an interval greater than the wavelength between the radiating elements (84, 85) adjacent to each other (81, 82) .
  • This free interval advantageously allows the passage of the central supply conductors, eliminating the risks of coupling and without affecting the radiation pattern too much.
  • Tests were carried out on an antenna module formed from a single element as shown in FIG. 22 in order to determine the bandwidth obtained with the implementation of the invention.
  • the excitation termination 30 of the conductor penetrates 5.0 mm between the slots 20a, 20b. Finally, a closed cylindrical cavity 21 with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 9.2 mm has been aligned under the pair of radiating slots 20a, 20b.
  • This demonstration element is optimized to operate around frequencies around 11 GHz.
  • the TOS was measured on the band 10.4 GHz-12.4 GHz for a standard conductor produced by lithography.
  • FIG. 23a reproduces the measurements obtained, which demonstrate a remarkable behavior of the element having a TOS less than 1.4 over a bandwidth greater than 20%.
  • Figure 23b shows that the measured cross polarization is very low (less than -30 dB) in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the elementary antenna.
  • the useful radiation of the element takes place in linear polarization with an electric field parallel to the excitation line.
  • the second test carried out on the element consisted in replacing the excitation conductor 22 manufactured by lithography, by a conductor cut by hand (with a scalpel) for an impedance of 75 ohms from a line of 50 ohms.
  • the TOS measurement did not show any difference compared to the standard line produced by lithography.
  • a second series of tests was carried out on an antenna module with 16 elements, with a drawing of the conducting circuits as shown in FIG. 24.
  • trunks of glued cylinders were used to form the closed rear cavities.
  • the spacing pads 10, 31 were not formed by stamping, but by bonding sheet metal pads to the ground plates 11, 13.
  • test measurements were also carried out in the anechoic chamber of the CHL laboratory. These measurements confirm the good results already observed during the test of the single antenna element, and are moreover more reliable than the previous tests of the fact that a module of 16 elements is less sensitive to measurement conditions than a single item.
  • Graph 25a indicates that the maximum gain obtained is 20 dB, and that the gain is greater than 19 dB on a frequency band greater than 10% (from 10.25 to 11.5 GHz).
  • the measured TOS is less than 2 on a frequency band wider than 2 GHz ( Figure 25b).
  • the 11 GHz radiation diagram in Figure 25c confirms the absence of cross polarization in the main direction of radiation.
  • the first cross polarization lobes are approximately -25 dB from the maximum main radiation.
  • the antenna modules according to the invention make it possible to obtain excellent performance with low tolerance manufacturing methods corresponding to mass production at low cost price.
  • the invention can be used to manufacture antennas for receiving television broadcasts by satellite, in the X band.
  • these antennas consist of two adjacent modules each formed from 16 x 16 elements .
  • This preferential application corresponds to the drawings of the conductive circuit shown in FIGS. 16, 17, 18.
  • the operating frequency band can for example be the X band (3 cm), the S band (1500 to 5200 MHz), or the L band (390 to 1550 MHz).
  • the antenna according to the invention can also in principle operate in higher frequency bands, its structure makes it more advantageous for use at frequencies of the X band and lower, due to the even less demanding tolerance constraints which make it even easier manufacturing.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Flachantenne, mit einem, zwischen zwei Masseflächen (11, 13) angeordneten, zentralen Leiter (22), wobei dieser Leiter einen durch eines dielektrischen, zwischen der oberen (11) und der unteren Massefläche (13) aufgehängten Stützblatt (12) gehaltenen Mikro-Streifenleiter ist, und strahlende Elemente welche mit Endbereiche des zentralen Leiters in elektromagnetischer Kopplung zusammenwirken, wobei der Abstand zwischen dem dielektrischen Stützblatt des zentralen Leiters und den metallischen Platten (11, 13) durch mit Abstand zueinander angeordnete Positionierstützen (31, 10) gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die strahlenden Elemente in den Masseflächen angebrachten und zueinander paarweise (20a, 20b) ausgerichteten Schlitzen sind und dass die genannten Masseflächen (11, 13) durch dünne, metallische, selbsttragende Platten gebildet werden, welche mit dem genannten dielektrischen Stützblatt (12) eine dünne Tripelstruktur (A) bilden.
  2. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die strahlenden Schlitze kreisförmig sind.
  3. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positionierstützen durch Ausformungen (31) gebildet worden, die durch Ziehen in den metallischen Platten (11, 13) hergestellt worden sind.
  4. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positionierstützen aus einem dielektrischen Werkstoff bestehen.
  5. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tripelstruktur (A) durch eine untere, reflektierend wirkende Platte (14) komplettiert ist, welche von der Trippelstruktur (A) eine ungefähr einer Viertelwellenlänge entsprechenden Abstand aufweist.
  6. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Schlitze (20a, 20b) eines Paares einen gleichen oder einen geringfügig voneinander abweichenden Durchmesser aufweisen.
  7. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten, in jeder der metallischen Platten (11, 13) ausgeführten Schlitze (20) zeilen- und reihenweise angeordnet sind, dass der Durchmesser der genannten Schlitze ungefähr dem 0,3 bis 0,7-fachen einer Wellenlänge entspricht und dass der Abstand zwischen den Schlitzen benachbarter Zeilen oder Reihen ungefähr dem 0,7 bis 0,9-fachen einer Wellenlänge entspricht.
  8. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Stützblatt (12) zur Realisierung einer Erregung der Antenne nach Massgabe einer doppelten linearen Polarisation zwei voneinander unabhängige Speisestromkreise aufweist.
  9. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Realisierung einer Erregung der Antenne nach Massgabe einer doppelten linearen Polarisation zwei Tripelstrukturen (A) zur Bildung einer aus fünf Platten (51, 52, 53, 54, 55) bestehenden Struktur übereinander angeordnet sind, welche Struktur aus drei metallischen Platten (53, 54, 55) mit zueinander ausgerichteten Schlitzen (20a, 20b, 20c) besteht, wobei sich zwischen diesen Platten zwei dielektrische Stützblätter (51, 52) erstrecken, deren jede mit voneinander unabhängigen Speiseleitungen (56, 57) versehen ist und wobei diese Speiseleitungen (56, 57) eine Erregung der Antenne nach Massgabe zweier zueinander senkrechter Polarisationsrichtungen ermöglichen.
  10. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Tripelstruktur (A) von einer zusätzlichen, elektromagnetisch angekoppelten Platte (60) überlagert ist.
  11. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tripelstruktur (A) durch eine zusätzliche, mit Aussparungen (71) versehene Platte (70) überlagert wird, welche Aussparungen (71) mit den Paaren der Schlitze (20a, 20b) ausgerichtet sind.
  12. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tripelstruktur (A) durch eine untere, reflektierend wirkende Platte (14) komplettiert ist und dass das genannte Stützblatt (12) auf der Aussenseite einer der beiden metallischen Platten (11, 13) angeordnet ist, wobei der Speisestromkreis (22) auf der, der genannten Grundplatte (14) zugekehrten Seite des Stützblattes (12) angeordnet ist.
  13. Flachantenne nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch geschlossene Hohlräume (26), die rückseitig bezüglich wenigstens einiger der genannten Paare von Schlitzstrahlen (20a, 20b) ausgerichtet sind.
  14. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Hohlräume (26) durch ein gezogenes Blech (14, 25) gebildet werden.
  15. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Hohlräume (26) durch ein Gitterwerk gebildet werden, welches durch eine Anordnung von sich in einem Feld (160) kreuzender Lamellen dargestellt wird, die untereinander rechteckige, durch eine Bodenplatte (14) abgeschlossene Zellen umgrenzen.
  16. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Hohlräume (26) durch metallische Zylinderkörper (150) gebildet werden, die sich auf der Masseplatte (13) oder einer metallischen vollwandigen Bodenplatte befinden.
  17. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Hohlräume (26) durch Zellen (170) gebildet werden, die in wenigstens einen, aus einem nichtmetallischen Werkstoff bestehenden Block (171) eingearbeitet sind, wobei die Wandungen der Zellen (170) metallisch ausgekleidet sind.
  18. Flachantenne nach einem der vorangegangen Ansprüche, welche zur Zusammenwirkung mit wenigstens einer zweiten Flachantenne bestimmt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungsberandungen der Masseplatten (11a, 13a; 11b, 13b) und der benachbarten Module jeweils mit einer strahlenden Öffnung (121a, 122a; 121b, 122b) versehen sind, welche Öffnungen zur Bildung eines Paares von Eingangs-/Ausgangsschlitzen im Bereich des gemeinsamen Endabschnitts (120) der Leiter der Module zusammenwirken und dass das genannte, auf diese Weise gebildete Paar von Schlitzen (121a, 122a; 121b, 122b) in gleicher Weise mit einem reflektierend wirkenden Deckel (123) und einem Eingangs-/Ausgangswellenleiter (124) zusammenwirkt.
  19. Flachantenne nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 17, welche zur Zusammenwirkung mit wenigstens einer anderen Flachantenne bestimmt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Ausgangsschlitz (131a, 132a; 131b, 132b) in der Nähe der Verbindungsberandung von jeder der Masseplatten der Module angeordnet ist, und zwar derart, dass zwei Paare von einander benachbarten Eingangs-/Auzgangsschlitzen gebildet sind, die jede mit dem Endbereich (133a, 133b) des Eingangs/des Ausgangs der jeweiligen Leiterkreise der Module zuzammenwirken, wobei die genannten Schlitzpaare der einander benachbarten Module einerseits mit einem doppelten, reflektierend wirkenden gemeinsamen Deckel (132) an ihrem jeweiligen einen Ende und andererseits mit einem Leistungsverzweiger (130) der Wellenleiter am entgegengesetzten Ende zusammenwirken.
  20. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Deckel (123, 132) durch Ziehen der oberen Masseplatte (11a, 11b) der einander benachbarten Antennenmodule hergestellt sind.
  21. Flachantenne nach einem der vorgegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 17, welche zur Zusammenwirkung mit wenigstens einer anderen Flachantenne bestimmt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein einziges Stützblatt (12) für einen elektrischen, der Erregung dienenden Leiter (22) an mehrere Sätze von Masseplatten (11, 13) angekoppelt ist, deren jede mit einem getrennten Antennenelement übereinstimmt.
  22. Flachantenne nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 17, welche zur Zusammenwirkung mit wenigstens einer zweiten Antenne bestimmt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiterkreise (22) zweier einander benachbarten Antennen identisch sind und einander derart überlappen, dass der gedruckte Schaltkreis (22a) einer ersten Antenne sich auf der Vorderseite des entsprechen Stützblattes (12a) und der Leiterschaltkreis (22b) der zweiten Antenne sich auf der Rückseite des entsprechenden Stützblattes (12b) befindet.
  23. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stapel der Tripelstruktur (11, 12, 13) in einem Gehäuse (B) untergebracht ist, dessen Boden die geschlossenen rückseitigen Hohlräume (26) beeinhaltet.
  24. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Räume zwischen jeder der Platten (11, 12, 13, 14; 51, 52, 53, 54, 55; A, 60; A, 70) teilweise oder ganz mit einem festen, der Versteifung dienenden dielektrischen Werkstoff ausgefüllt sind.
  25. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Modulteils einer Breitbandantennenanordnung entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebung einer jeden der Masseplatten (11, 13) der Antennen durch Pressen/Ziehen erfolgt, um einerseits die genannten strahlenden Schlitze (20a, 20b) zu perforieren und andererseits Abstandhalter (31) auf der, dem dielektrischen Stützblatt zugekehrten Seite der Platten (11, 13) zu forcieren, durch welches Stützblatt der zentrale Leiter gehalten wird, dass die genannte Antenne zusammengesetzt wird, indem lediglich nichtleitfähigen Zonen des dielektrischen Stützblattes (12) des der Erregung dienenden Leiters (22) auf die Abstandhalter (31) aufgesetzt werden, die sich den unteren (13) und oberen Masseplatten (11) gegenüberliegend befinden, und zwar derart, dass die Endbereiche (30) der Leiterkreise (22) zwischen die ausgerichteten Paare von Schlitzen (20a, 20b) gelangen und dass die auf diese Weise hergestellte Tripelstruktur (11, 12, 13) auf die geschlossenen rückseitigen Hohlräume (26) gesetzt wird.
EP19870401252 1986-06-05 1987-06-04 Antennenelement mit einem Streifen, der zwischen zwei selbsttragenden und mit untereinanderliegenden strahlenden Schlitzen vorgesehenen Grundplatten hängt und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Expired - Lifetime EP0252779B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401252T ATE95635T1 (de) 1986-06-05 1987-06-04 Antennenelement mit einem streifen, der zwischen zwei selbsttragenden und mit untereinanderliegenden strahlenden schlitzen vorgesehenen grundplatten haengt und verfahren zur herstellung desselben.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8608106A FR2599899B1 (fr) 1986-06-05 1986-06-05 Antenne plane a reseau avec conducteurs d'alimentation imprimes a faible perte et paires incorporees de fentes superposees rayonnantes a large bande
FR8608106 1986-06-05
FR8700181A FR2609577B2 (fr) 1987-01-09 1987-01-09 Antenne plane a reseau avec conducteurs d'alimentation imprimes a faible perte et paires incorporees de fentes superposees rayonnantes a large bande
FR8700181 1987-01-09

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EP0252779A1 EP0252779A1 (de) 1988-01-13
EP0252779B1 true EP0252779B1 (de) 1993-10-06

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US7034765B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2006-04-25 Lucent Technologies Inc. Compact multiple-band antenna arrangement

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DE3787681D1 (de) 1993-11-11
ES2046211T3 (es) 1994-02-01
DE3787681T2 (de) 1994-05-05
EP0252779A1 (de) 1988-01-13

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