EP0617480A1 - Strahlende Struktur mit variabler Richtcharakteristik - Google Patents

Strahlende Struktur mit variabler Richtcharakteristik Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0617480A1
EP0617480A1 EP94400622A EP94400622A EP0617480A1 EP 0617480 A1 EP0617480 A1 EP 0617480A1 EP 94400622 A EP94400622 A EP 94400622A EP 94400622 A EP94400622 A EP 94400622A EP 0617480 A1 EP0617480 A1 EP 0617480A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
structure according
elements
radiating elements
excitation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94400622A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Raguenet
Michel Gomez-Henry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA, Alcatel NV filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0617480A1 publication Critical patent/EP0617480A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of array antennas, and more specifically printed array antennas, the radiating elements of which are produced by the microstrip technique.
  • Such antennas are produced by etching conductive tracks and blocks on dielectric substrates, which are generally but not exclusively planar. More elaborate configurations exist with several dielectric substrates, ground planes, resonator cavities, et cetera, some examples of which will be described in more detail below.
  • radio electricians have therefore made improvements by building more elaborate solutions.
  • the improvement of the bandwidth of the elementary radiator can be obtained by inserting additional resonance poles on the structure.
  • Many means are possible such as the superposition of pellets; double or multi-resonance structures, or the insertion of these poles in the supply circuit, either by coupling devices, or by equivalent RLC circuits.
  • the directivity of the antenna remains partitioned between 5dB at 8 or 9 dB, depending on the embodiment technology, and it is hardly possible to change this parameter by known techniques.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the prior art: the design and implementation difficulties of the distributor and its associated losses, the discretization of the directivity, and the gain cap.
  • planar or shaped antenna allows effective management of the directivity of the radiator and therefore gives planar or shaped solutions the flexibility and sizing capacity as they exist in the context of more conventional solutions with horns or with radiating openings.
  • the invention provides a radiating structure with microstrip technology for array antenna, this structure comprising a plurality of radiating elements distributed over an insulating surface, these elements being excited by a distribution of the electromagnetic excitation energy between said elements, characterized in that said distribution is carried out by coupling the magnetic currents generated by each element during its excitation.
  • This structure is a sub-network of radiating elements, comparable to a sub-network of the prior art, except that there is no distributor; the distribution is made by coupling the magnetic currents of the radiating elements together.
  • the structure according to the invention is produced by "splitting" the printed patch into several small disjointed conductive patches which are not necessarily identical, and by placing them on an insulating surface so as to optimize the couplings between the small patches for the purpose of the antenna.
  • an antenna according to the invention consists in exciting by an appropriate means currents (electric and magnetic) on a metallic pad (the printed "patch") whose precise geometric definition depends on the required application.
  • the initial current distribution can be obtained by an excitation conveyed by a coaxial, microstrip, or stripline transmission line, or even by electromagnetic coupling, these techniques being known to those skilled in the art. .
  • the simple radiator can be placed in an environment having electrical conditions particular, for example it can be surrounded by an electric or magnetic wall so as to secure its networking.
  • an approach developed by the Applicant is described in French patent no. 89.11829 of September 11, 1989 of Dusseux, Raguenet et al. which forms an integral part of the present application for its description of the prior art.
  • FIG 1 we see an embodiment of a radiating element according to the prior art.
  • this element comprises an etched conductive patch 2 on a dielectric substrate 1 covered on its rear face by a ground plane 6.
  • the patch 2 is powered by the microstrip 4b, which is an etched conductive track , usually of the same material as the patch.
  • the patch 2 is placed at the bottom of a closed system which consists for example of a cavity 7 defined by conductive walls 8 delimiting the radial extent of the cavity 7 around the patch 2.
  • this cavity 7 determines its radioelectric characteristics according to rules known to those skilled in the art; as a result, these dimensions can be chosen by the designer in order to provide the desired bandwidth at the operating frequency of the radiating element, and this without increasing the thickness of dielectric 1 behind patch 2.
  • the dimensioning of such structures is well known and the main parameters are conditioned by the criteria of the central operating frequency and the bandwidth around this central frequency.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the method of this embodiment, which consists in adding to a basic patch 2 radiator, a second resonator 12 positioned above the first resonator 2.
  • the configuration is therefore that of FIG. 2, except that the resonant cavity 7 is partially closed on its front face by a second resonator 12 which may for example be a printed patch on a dielectric support 11.
  • the second element is implanted flush with the cavity 7, but it could be placed, by means of more elaborate constructions, either at a greater height or at a height smaller than the height of the conducting walls 8 of the cavity 7.
  • the approach which consists of making the interpatch distance and the height of the cavity identical, makes technological realization very simple.
  • the second resonator 12 can be etched on a carrier substrate 11 of small thickness and mass and its mounting can be done by simple bonding or screwing.
  • FIG. 3 we see the geometry common to FIGS. 1 and 2, of a circular patch 2 printed on a substrate 1, and surrounded by a metallic mass 8 to form a resonant cavity 7, so as to widen the strip of operation. Patch 2 is excited via a supply line 4b.
  • the approach developed to produce a device with variable directivity according to the invention consists in fragmenting the radiating element into a multitude of small disjointed and not necessarily identical sub-elements as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the printed patch (item 2 of FIG. 3) is divided into several sub-elements (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28) .
  • Patch 2 of the prior art can be considered according to the model of magnetic currents, as generator of currents on its periphery 20.
  • the sub-elements of the invention generate equivalent magnetic currents on all the peripheries of all the elements. These currents generate couplings between the elements, which have the effect of increasing the equivalent sensing surface of the radiating element.
  • the supply of the sub-elements is carried out as in the prior art for a simple resonator, and the distribution is carried out passively thanks to the couplings between the elements, so there is no need for a distributor.
  • FIG. 5 we see in the upper part a rectangular printed patch 1 on an insulating substrate 2, with an instantaneous view of the electric fields generated on the periphery of the patch when it is excited by a signal carried on a non-transmissible transmission line. -shown.
  • these electric fields are equivalent to those which would be excited in a rectangular slot 33 formed by a rectangular conductive patch 32 surrounded by a ground plane 31 extended around the patch 32, when the latter is excited by the same signal as before.
  • the lower part of Figure 5 shows the magnetic currents equivalent to electric fields in the other two parts, according to Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic propagation.
  • the operation of the fragmented structure offers an extension of the available parameters so as to make it possible, on the one hand, to control the central operating frequency, and on the other hand to develop the "equivalent" radiating surface of the whole, as well as the distribution on the different pellets and, by the same, the radiated diagram.
  • the device of the invention as a set of microstrip lines fixed and coupled together.
  • the initial exciter device probe, coupling slot, patch at a lower level
  • these currents can be considered without interactions.
  • the relative arrangement of the different patterns printed with respect to each other modifies this initial distribution of currents due strong interactive couplings. We can thus proceed to the realization of many possible possibilities within the framework of a simple structure.
  • An object of the invention is to manage the fragmentation of the radiating element so as to increase the equivalent radiating surface of the assembly compared to a structure with a solid pellet and not fragmented.
  • each fragmented patch is equivalent to 2 magnetic current lines (see Figure 6) for an antenna in linear polarization.
  • the radiation behavior of each of these equivalent slits is dependent on the one hand on the initial excitation induced by the excitation supply system, and on the other hand on the influence of the set of mutual couplings of all the slots, relative to each other.
  • the structure must be correctly dimensioned and arranged according to a geometry (which includes the sizes of the pellets, their spacing, their shape and their relative arrangement ....), designed to ensure the phasing of all current sources.
  • the phasing of the sources creates a maximum radiation normal to the plane of the elementary slits.
  • the second condition to be satisfied in order to maximize the directivity of the surface consists in achieving an equi-amplitude distribution of the current sources. Obtaining the equi-phase and the equi-amplitude over an entire surface, ensures the maximum yield with respect to this.
  • Producing a variable directivity element according to the invention therefore consists in managing coupled multi-pattern geometries fulfilling the above conditions, the equivalent area of which will be varied. All other conditions being equal, the fact of modifying the equivalent sensing surface results in a simultaneous evolution of the directivity. This is how variable directivity is obtained by the invention. Thus, the bringing into play of new parameters therefore makes possible solutions which cannot be proposed using conventional devices.
  • the reference antenna is a double resonator structure as described in the aforementioned French patent of DUSSEUX, RAGUENET et al. : planar antenna , N ° 89 11 829.
  • the distance between the two resonators is typically 13 to 14mm.
  • the radiation pattern of this reference structure is presented in Figure 7.
  • the integrated directivity is 8.6dB / 8.7dB according to the different section plans studied.
  • the results are shown in the following table MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE (dB / ISO) MERIDIEN (Azimuth) POLARIZATION 8.6 .00 VERTICAL -11.4 .00 HORIZONTAL 8.7 90.00 VERTICAL -15.4 90.00 HORIZONTAL 8.7 45.00 VERTICAL -10.6 45.00 HORIZONTAL 8.7 135.00 VERTICAL -11.2 135.00 HORIZONTAL 8.6 22.50 VERTICAL -11.3 22.50 HORIZONTAL
  • a first exemplary embodiment was measured according to the invention.
  • a simple fragmentation of the second resonator has been carried out and consists of bursting into 4 equal square parts said upper resonator.
  • the radiator considered is therefore always a thin assembly constantly retaining its excitation device by a first supply resonator.
  • the invention relates, in essence, to the terminal surface which, thanks to the fragmentation of the second resonator into multiple elements, offers numerous possibilities to the designer, in view of the increase in the number of degrees of freedom available for the design in view of 'a desired result.
  • the radiant structure works on the principle of interposed couplings, it takes all the skill of man art to optimize the increase in the directivity of the device as well as its impedance adaptation.
  • Figure 9 presents the radiation diagram of a structure identical to the previous one, except for the fragmentation of the second radiator into four blocks of 39x39mm2, separated by 32mm. The results of the measurements are shown in the following table:
  • Figure 10 shows the measurement results for a structure fragmented into four square patches of 40x40mm2. The measured values are shown in the following table: MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE (dB / ISO) MERIDIEN (Azimuth) POLARIZATION 10.1 .00 VERTICAL -11.0 .00 HORIZONTAL 10.3 90.00 VERTICAL -23.2 90.00 HORIZONTAL 10.2 45.00 VERTICAL -9.2 45.00 HORIZONTAL 10.3 135.00 VERTICAL -8.9 135.00 HORIZONTAL 10.3 22.50 VERTICAL -9.2 22.50 HORIZONTAL
  • the only modification relates to the production of the second final resonator which is therefore a conventional solid patch in the case of the reference antenna according to the prior art, and which takes on a fragmented geometry in the other cases which illustrate examples of embodiments according to the invention.
  • a variant of the invention relates to the use of the fragmentation technique in order to obtain a given radiation pattern. For example, one may wish to obtain particular characteristics in radiation: quality of the side lobes, width of main lobe at 3dB, level of diffuse. By repeating the representation of FIG. 6, it can be considered that a network of elementary sources has been produced with regard to the representation of the pellets as equivalent magnetic currents.
  • a second variant concerns the use of the fragmentation technique according to the invention in order to obtain multiple resonances.
  • Another variant concerns the use of single- or multi-frequency (s) or broadband antennas exploiting the principles set out above, in the configuration of networks or sub-networks of fragmented elements according to the invention.
  • Another variant concerns the use of the geometry of the fragmented patches so as to generate polarized waves. For example, one can use a rectilinear geometry , made of coupled bars, to obtain linear polarization. Another possibility would be the use of fault geometry , which then acts as a polarizing pattern for circularly polarized waves.
  • a final variant proposed relates to the use of the invention for producing a dichroic surface with variable directivity.
  • a fragmented assembly according to the invention is arranged so as to absorb incident radiation at a certain frequency, while radiation of any other frequency will be reflected.

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EP94400622A 1993-03-26 1994-03-23 Strahlende Struktur mit variabler Richtcharakteristik Withdrawn EP0617480A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9303502 1993-03-26
FR9303502A FR2703190B1 (fr) 1993-03-26 1993-03-26 Structure rayonnante à directivité variable.

Publications (1)

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EP0617480A1 true EP0617480A1 (de) 1994-09-28

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EP94400622A Withdrawn EP0617480A1 (de) 1993-03-26 1994-03-23 Strahlende Struktur mit variabler Richtcharakteristik

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EP (1) EP0617480A1 (de)
FI (1) FI941350A (de)
FR (1) FR2703190B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0901185A1 (de) * 1997-07-29 1999-03-10 Alcatel Streifenleitungsantenne mit zwei Polarisationen
EP1428291A1 (de) * 2001-08-31 2004-06-16 The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Systeme und verfahren zur bereitstellung einer optimierten patch-antennen-erregung für gegenseitig gekoppelte patches
EP2194602A1 (de) 2008-12-05 2010-06-09 Thales Antenne mit gemeinsam benützte Elementarstrahler und Verfahren zum Entwurf einer Mehrstrahlantenne mit gemeinsam benützte Elementarstrahler
WO2010149605A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Thales Procédé d'aide au pointage d'une antenne, antenne à pointage assisté mettant en oeuvre ce procédé et terminal nomade comportant une telle antenne

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2225677A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-06-22 Philippe Lafleur Multiple parasitic coupling to an outer antenna patch element from inner path elements

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989007838A1 (en) * 1988-02-15 1989-08-24 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Microstrip antenna
EP0342175A2 (de) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 COMSAT Corporation Dualpolarisierte, in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne, deren Elemente, mit gedruckten Gitterschaltungselementen darin einbegriffen, mit den Speiseleitungen kapazitiv gekoppelt sind
EP0403910A1 (de) * 1989-06-20 1990-12-27 Alcatel Espace Strahlendes, diplexes Element
EP0484241A1 (de) * 1990-10-31 1992-05-06 France Telecom Antenne in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik für eine zweifach polarisierte Gruppenantenne

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989007838A1 (en) * 1988-02-15 1989-08-24 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Microstrip antenna
EP0342175A2 (de) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 COMSAT Corporation Dualpolarisierte, in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne, deren Elemente, mit gedruckten Gitterschaltungselementen darin einbegriffen, mit den Speiseleitungen kapazitiv gekoppelt sind
EP0403910A1 (de) * 1989-06-20 1990-12-27 Alcatel Espace Strahlendes, diplexes Element
EP0484241A1 (de) * 1990-10-31 1992-05-06 France Telecom Antenne in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik für eine zweifach polarisierte Gruppenantenne

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0901185A1 (de) * 1997-07-29 1999-03-10 Alcatel Streifenleitungsantenne mit zwei Polarisationen
EP1428291A1 (de) * 2001-08-31 2004-06-16 The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Systeme und verfahren zur bereitstellung einer optimierten patch-antennen-erregung für gegenseitig gekoppelte patches
EP1428291A4 (de) * 2001-08-31 2004-12-08 Univ Columbia Systeme und verfahren zur bereitstellung einer optimierten patch-antennen-erregung für gegenseitig gekoppelte patches
US7298329B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2007-11-20 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Systems and methods for providing optimized patch antenna excitation for mutually coupled patches
EP2194602A1 (de) 2008-12-05 2010-06-09 Thales Antenne mit gemeinsam benützte Elementarstrahler und Verfahren zum Entwurf einer Mehrstrahlantenne mit gemeinsam benützte Elementarstrahler
US8299963B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2012-10-30 Thales Antenna with shared feeds and method of producing an antenna with shared feeds for generating multiple beams
EP2194602B1 (de) 2008-12-05 2015-09-02 Thales Antenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern und Verfahren zum Entwurf einer Mehrstrahlantenne mit gemeinsam benützten Elementarstrahlern
WO2010149605A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Thales Procédé d'aide au pointage d'une antenne, antenne à pointage assisté mettant en oeuvre ce procédé et terminal nomade comportant une telle antenne
FR2947388A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-31 Thales Sa Procede d'aide au pointage d'une antenne, antenne a pointage assiste mettant en oeuvre ce procede et terminal nomade comportant une telle antenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2703190B1 (fr) 1995-05-12
FR2703190A1 (fr) 1994-09-30
FI941350A (fi) 1994-09-27
FI941350A0 (fi) 1994-03-23

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