EP0213646B1 - Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten - Google Patents

Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0213646B1
EP0213646B1 EP86200959A EP86200959A EP0213646B1 EP 0213646 B1 EP0213646 B1 EP 0213646B1 EP 86200959 A EP86200959 A EP 86200959A EP 86200959 A EP86200959 A EP 86200959A EP 0213646 B1 EP0213646 B1 EP 0213646B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
horns
antenna
face
horn
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86200959A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0213646A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel Société Civile S.P.I.D. Rammos
Bernard Michel Société Civile S.P.I.D. Byzery
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Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of EP0213646A1 publication Critical patent/EP0213646A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a unitary microwave antenna module for receiving or transmitting a rectilinearly polarized wave, comprising radiating elements in the form of horns and a supply network of a type called "arborized" composed of guides. of rectangular section connected on the one hand to the horns and on the other hand between them so that for each horn the total length of the feed path is the same.
  • the invention also relates to a microwave antenna comprising such unit modules.
  • the invention finds its application, for example, in the production of flat antennas for the reception of television broadcasts retransmitted by artificial satellites.
  • a system for the emission or reception of short electromagnetic waves is known from US Pat. No. 2,540,839.
  • This system comprises a spatial network of receiving or transmitting elements, a supply device common to these elements and guides rectangular section wave for coupling the supply device and the network of elements.
  • the elements can be horns of rectangular section whose short side is parallel to the electric field vector
  • the waveguides are coupled together first by two, making bends in the plane and are joined by a waveguide of rectangular section so that for each horn the total length of the feed path is the same.
  • the adaptation is carried out because this latter waveguide has either a small side of dimension twice that of the short side of the guides connected to the horns, or else a large side of dimension twice that of the long side of said guides. So we can make modules of four horns fed in a tree-like manner, and adapted.
  • An antenna comprising radiating elements in the form of horns supplied by waveguides is known from patent DE 2641711.
  • This document describes a linear antenna module, consisting of a row of horns machined from a fiberglass block, the surfaces are metallized.
  • This row of horns is supplied on the one hand by a main line and on the other hand by individual lines connected to the main line.
  • the main line is of rectangular section, machined in aluminum and can be filled with a dielectric material. It is carried out so as to form in the plane of the electric field a stepped power divider allowing the waveguides which ensure the individual connection of the horns to the main line to be supplied with equal power.
  • Each of these waveguides is formed by a laminated structure comprising a dielectric material interposed between two layers of copper, the edges of this structure being metallized.
  • the length of the individual feeding guides, as well as their connection point to the main line are chosen so that for each horn, the length of the supply path made up of the main line and the individual supply line is the same.
  • Such a structure is provided to allow phase differences in the feeding of the horns to be corrected by shortening some of the individual feeding lines.
  • the antenna module described in the cited document is of linear form, with series supply, which makes it very difficult to feed the horns exactly in phase and therefore it is essential to carry out a adjustment of the length of the individual supply lines to improve this result.
  • the solution proposed by the cited document to solve this problem leads to a complex antenna shape, as well as assembly and adjustment that are too delicate to be carried out for example during mass production.
  • an antenna For the application to the reception of television programs relayed by satellites, an antenna must have particular properties.
  • the wave is circularly polarized if the end of the electric field vector describes a circle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
  • the polarization is right circular when turns clockwise for an observer looking in the direction of propagation.
  • the polarization is left circular in the other case.
  • a circularly polarized wave can be broken down into two linearly polarized waves, perpendicular to each other and phase shifted by ⁇ ⁇ / 2.
  • the antenna intended for the envisaged application can therefore be produced according to the following principle: the two perpendicular components, due to the emission by the satellite of a circularly polarized wave, are picked up and then composed with the appropriate phase shift ( ⁇ ⁇ / 2 depending on whether we are dealing with a right or left circular polarization).
  • This principle supposes the use in front of the antenna of a depolarizing radome.
  • This radome is designed in such a way that it delays one of the components of the circularly polarized wave, thus causing the necessary phase shift.
  • the two linear polarization waves are thus in phase and their vector composition gives a linearly polarized wave which can be received by an antenna with a single linear polarization.
  • this module is characterized in that at least one wall of the openings of the horns also includes a fin.
  • the present invention also provides a microwave antenna for receiving or transmitting a rectilinearly polarized wave comprising radiating elements in the form of horns and a supply network of a type called "arborized", composed of waveguides. of rectangular section connected on the one hand to the horns and on the other hand so that for each horn the total length of the feeding path is the same, characterized in that it comprises a number multiple of four of such unit modules supplied to each other by a planar arborized network of the same type as the network distributed inside each module and in the same plane as the latter, so that all the horns of the antenna are supplied by a signal of same amplitude and same phase.
  • this antenna is characterized in that it consists of two plates, the surfaces of which are electrically conductive, the horns being formed in the thickness of the first plate, the openings of the horns opening onto the first face of this plate and the mouths on the second face, the guide supply network being formed by grooves made on the first face of the second plate, these grooves constituting three of the four faces of the guides and the application of the second face of the first plate on the first face of the second plate forming the fourth face of the guides and the connections with the horns.
  • this antenna is characterized in that it consists of two plates, the surfaces of which are electrically conductive, the horns being formed in the thickness of the first plate, the openings of the horns opening onto the first face of this plate and the mouths on the second face, the supply network of guides being formed by hollow grooves made on this second face and constituting three of the four faces of the guides, the second plate having a first planar face, and the application of the second face of the first plate on the first face of the second plate forming the fourth side of the guides and the connections with the horns.
  • the antenna produced according to the present invention offers numerous advantages. First of all, it has losses as low as possible because it is entirely supplied by waveguides excluding any dielectric other than air.
  • the antenna can be produced using only two plates, metallic or even only metallized, by a very simple manufacturing process.
  • This manufacturing process is all the more simple as the waveguide sections and the branches of the T power dividers are linear, that the elbows are at right angles, and that the patterns formed by the horns are repetitive, as well as the patterns of the fins, and that the waveguides all have the same section.
  • the antenna thus produced has excellent mechanical qualities. It is particularly solid, resistant to weathering and aging.
  • this antenna has great technical qualities. It can operate in the microwave domain, for example 12 GHz and over a very wide band of frequencies.
  • the radiating element of a unitary antenna module consists of a horn 1 whose opening has a square section on side A.
  • the opening of the horn is placed parallel to a reference plane P defined by the direction of propagation of the electric field and magnetic field in the environment outside the antenna, and the sides of the square opening of the horn are placed either parallel to the electric field either parallel to the magnetic field of the environment outside the antenna.
  • the mouth 4 of the horn 1 is connected to the wave guide 3 by an elbow 2.
  • the wave guide 3 and the internal mouth 4 have a rectangular section with sides a and b such that a> b,
  • the electric field propagates parallel to side b and the magnetic field spreads parallel to side a .
  • the waveguide 3 is placed so that the dimension a of its section is parallel to the reference plane P and the dimension b perpendicular. Under these conditions, the electric field propagates in the guide 3 perpendicular to the reference plane P, and the magnetic field propagates parallel to the reference plane P. Guide 3 is said
  • the angle of the elbow 2 connecting the mouth 4 to the guide 3 is therefore in a plane parallel to a plane Q, the plane Q being defined as perpendicular to the plane P and parallel to one of the sides of the openings of the horns .
  • this plane is parallel to the vector Elbow 2 can be said
  • the plane Q is defined, in operation, by the magnetic field and the perpendicular oz to the plane P, as shown in Figure 10a.
  • the antenna module according to the invention consists of four horns, the openings of which form a pattern repeated by simple translation, along two axes parallel to the sides, with the same pitch, in a plane parallel to the reference plane P, as it is shown in Figure 2a, in perspective, seen from above.
  • the supply network of these four horns is shown in perspective in Figure 2b.
  • This network is said to be "planar” because it is distributed in a single plane parallel to the reference plane P.
  • All the waveguides connecting the guides 3 of individual feed of the horns to each other are of the same type as the guides 3, i.e.
  • planar power network is therefore said
  • this network is of the so-called "tree-like" type.
  • the horns are fed by two symmetrically with respect to a plane parallel to the plane Q, to form two groups of two identical radiating elements. Then the two groups thus formed are supplied symmetrically, with respect to a plane parallel to a plane Q ', this plane Q' being defined as perpendicular both to the reference plane P and to the plane Q as shown in FIG. 10A. .
  • the plane Q ' is defined by the magnetic field and the perpendicular oz to the plane P.
  • the supply symmetry of two horns can be obtained by a planar network such as elbows 5 whose angle is located in the plane of the network connect individual feeding guides 3 of these cones to a T-shaped power divider 6 in the same plane.
  • the plane of symmetry of the system formed by the two horns, the two elbows 2, the two individual guides 3, the two elbows 5 and the power divider 6, is a plane parallel to Q, the trace of which is I'I "on the figure 3.
  • the supply symmetry of the two groups of two horns thus formed is obtained by connecting the waveguides 8 from the power dividers 6 by a T-shaped power divider 7 located in the plane of the network.
  • This power divider 7, output 9, and the guide sections 8 admit as plane of symmetry a plane parallel to Q ′ whose trace is J'J "in FIG. 3.
  • the length of the feeding path is exactly the same and the horns are fed perfectly in phase.
  • all the waveguide sections are rectilinear and in a plane parallel to that of the openings of the horns.
  • a microwave antenna can be formed from a multiple of four of such unit modules supplied to each other by a planar arborized network of the same type as the network distributed inside each module and in the same plane as the latter.
  • the antenna can include the number of radiating elements necessary to obtain the desired gain for the antenna and all the radiating elements of the antenna are however supplied by signals respectively of the same amplitude and of the same phase, allowing to obtain perpendicular to the plane P a maximum radiation and therefore a maximum gain in accordance with CCIR recommendations.
  • the following example is given to show that the antenna according to the invention can have technical characteristics suitable for the reception of television broadcasts relayed by artificial satellite.
  • this relation provides the condition which all the (N x M) sources must fulfill in order not to have lobes of networks (lobes of amplitude equal to that of the main lobe): it suffices to have dy such that: dy ⁇ i.e. dy / ⁇ ⁇ 1.
  • the guide supply network provided with the fins is shown in perspective in FIG. 2c.
  • Curve C1 is the envelope of the radiation diagram
  • curve C2 is the envelope of the cross-polarization diagram
  • the antenna In addition to the fact that the antenna must be able to be manufactured in a cheap manner, its efficiency must be high: for this, it is therefore necessary to optimize the radiating element and minimize losses in the circuit.
  • FIG. 4a represents in cross section, a waveguide 30 provided with a fin 20, placed on the wall 32 of dimension a .
  • the fin 20 has a thickness S and leaves an opening of dimension b ′ between its end and the wall 31 opposite the wall 32.
  • the electromagnetic field can be considered as the result of the wave moving from one edge to the other of the guide at the wavelength ⁇ c .
  • FIG. 4c represents the equivalent diagram of FIG. 4b for n even, and FIG. 4d for n odd.
  • FIG. 4a The general appearance of the electric field lines is given in FIG. 4a.
  • the fins are placed in the guide supply circuit as shown in FIG. 2c.
  • a minimum distance can be chosen for 12.1 GHz
  • the overall reflection coefficient will then be, as a first approximation, the sum of all the reflections seen in each discontinuity, weighted of course by the appropriate phase shift, that is to say: with ⁇ m , propagation constant in the section considered, this relation can then be put in the following simple form: with: (The formula (10) is obtained by considering discontinuities of very low height compared to the wavelength and by neglecting the influence of the modes of higher order).
  • a transition 49 between a fin guide 30 and a guide 50 is shown in Figure 5b.
  • the length of the rung 48 formed by the fin 20 is obtained from the resolution of equation (10) and depends on the choice of H.
  • the impedance of the fin guide it is possible to vary either the width of the fin, its height or the dimensions of the guide.
  • the first solution was chosen: variation of the height of the fin for the quarter-wave transition.
  • the problem is to go from a fin guide (single or double) to free space.
  • the shape of the fins inside the horn must be such that the cut-off frequency remains lower than the operating frequency band while retaining sufficient adaptation.
  • the adaptation depends on the dimensions of the inlet guide, the opening and the length of the horn.
  • the different parameters of a horn are given in FIGS. 6a to 6d.
  • the profiles P5 and P6 represent the pseudo-double fins and the profile P7 is the theoretical appearance of the single fin horn having the same behavior.
  • the technique of the pseudo-double fin has the advantages of symmetrizing the radiation diagram in the "E" plane (the diagram of the element alone nevertheless remains slightly asymmetrical), and of reducing mutual coupling.
  • Table I below summarizes the preferred values of the dimensions of the various elements of the antenna in the embodiment described above.
  • the waveguide supply network is designed in a plane parallel to the plane of the cone openings, it is possible to make the entire antenna in the form of a planar antenna using only two plates . These plates can be metallic and machined, or even molded plastic whose surfaces are metallized.
  • the antenna consists of two plates 100 and 110, the main faces 101 and 102 for the plate 100, and the main faces 103 and 104 for the plate 110 are parallel to the reference plane.
  • the plate 100 comprises a multiple number of four of unit modules of four horns placed in an adjacent manner, so that all the horns are deduced from each other by a translation of the same pitch in the two directions parallel to the sides of the square openings .
  • the horns are shaped in the thickness of the plate 100 so that the openings are flush with the face 101 and that the mouths 4 are flush with the face 102, the thickness of the plate 100 being provided equal to the height h of cones (see Figures 4a and 5a).
  • the plate 110 comprises the elbows 2 and the planar feed network of the antenna formed by grooves made in the hollow on the face 103 of this plate.
  • the grooves have a width a and a depth b and constitute three of the faces of the grating waveguides.
  • the application of the face 103 of the plate 110 on the face 102 of the plate 100 forms the fourth face of the rectangular section waveguides of the supply network and connects the horns to the network thus formed.
  • the plate 110 must have a thickness slightly greater than the quantity b , which gives for the total thickness of the planar antenna thus formed a value slightly greater than the quantity of b + h.
  • the antenna consists of two plates 200 and 210, the main faces 201 and 202 for the plate 200, and the main faces 203 and 204 for the plate 210 are parallel to the reference plane P.
  • the plate 200 comprises the unit modules placed adjacent to each other, as in the embodiment described above.
  • the horns are shaped in the thickness of the plate 200 so that the openings are flush with the face 201 and so that the mouths are in the thickness of the material forming the plate 200.
  • the latter is provided with a thickness equal to the height h of the horns increased by the value of the dimension b of the guides.
  • the antenna feed network is formed on the face 202 of the plate 200 in the form of hollow grooves of width a and depth b , and of elbows 2 making it possible to connect the mouths of the horns to the grooves.
  • the plate 210 is a simple blade with parallel faces. The application of the face 203 of the plate 210 on the face 202 of the plate 200 forms the fourth face of the waveguides of the supply network.
  • the antenna used according to one of the embodiments described above is therefore of manufacture particularly simple and inexpensive. It can be made in large series. It has great mechanical strength and does not require adjustment during assembly.
  • the plates can also be held opposite one another by screws.
  • this antenna does not include a dielectric, the losses are as low as possible, and on the other hand it is extremely resistant to aging.
  • this antenna is of low volume and low weight. It is therefore particularly easy to set up and its support is then inexpensive.
  • Such an antenna is therefore extremely well suited to general public use for the reception of television broadcasts transmitted by satellites. Indeed in such a reception system the antenna is an important element for two reasons: firstly the quality of reception depends directly on the characteristics of the antenna and secondly, the cost of the antenna and its support as well as the cost of installation and pointing to the satellite largely define the final cost of the reception system.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Mikrowellenantennenmodul zum Empfangen oder Ausstrahlen einer geradlinig polarisierten Welle mit Strahlungselementen in Form von Hörnern und mit einem Speisenetzwerk vom "verzweigten" Typ, zusammengesetzt aus einerseits mit den Hörnern und andererseits miteinander verbundenen Wellenleitern rechteckigen Querschnitts, derart, daß für jedes Horn die Gesamtlange der Speisestrecke dieselbe ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - es vier aneinander grenzende Hörner gibt, deren quadratische Öffnungen eine zweidimensionale Gestalt bilden in einer Ebene parallel zu einer Bezugsebene P,
    - das aus Wellenleitern bestehende "verzweigte" Speisenetzwerk symmetrische Leistungsteiler in Form eines T aufweist, dessen Zweige geradlinig und untereinander völlig gleichen Querschnitts und denen der inneren Mündungen der Hörner entsprechend sind,
    - das aus Wellenleitern bestehende "verzweigte" Speisenetzwerk vom planaren Typ ist wegen der Tatsache, daß es in einer Ebene verteilt ist, die sich parallel zu der Ebene P erstreckt, wobei die größere Abmessung a des Querschnitts der Leiter sich parallel zu dieser Ebene erstreckt,
    - wenigstens eine Wandung der Leiter parallel zu der größeren Abmessung a eine Rippe in der Symmetrieebene aufweist.
  2. Modul nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Wandung der Öffnungen der Hörner in der Fortsetzung der Leiter eine Rippe aufweist.
  3. Modul nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiter eine Rippe aufweisen und die Hörner auf in derselben Ebene einander gegenüberliegenden Wandungen zwei Rippen aufweisen.
  4. Modul nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede innere Hornmündung mittels eines Kniestücks mit einem Wellenleiter des Netzwerkes einzeln verbunden ist, wobei die Abwinkelung dieses Kniestücks in der Ebene parallel zu einer Ebene Q liegt, die als winkelrecht zu der Bezugsebene P und parallel zu einer der Seiten der rechteckigen Öffnung des Horns, sowie winkelrecht zu der kleineren Abmessung b der inneren Öffnung desselben definiert ist, und daß jeder einzelne Speiseleiter des Horns durch ein Kniestück, dessen Abwinkelung in der Ebene des Netzwerkes liegt, mit einem der symmetrischen Zweige eines Leistungsverteilers in Form eines T verbunden ist, wobei der Hauptzweig dieses Leistungsverteilers sich derart parallel zu der Ebene Q erstreckt, daß die Hörner je zwei und zwei symmetrisch gegenüber diser Ebene gespeist werden, und daß jede auf diese Weise gebildete Zweiergruppe von Hörnern mit einem der symmetrischen Zweige des Leistungsverteilers in Form eines T verbunden ist, wobei der Hauptzweig sich parallel zu einer Ebene Q' erstreckt, wobei diese Ebene Q' als senkrecht zu der Bezugsebene P sowie zu der Ebene Q definiert ist, derart, daß die zwei Zweiergruppen von Hörnern, die den einheitlichen Modul bilden, gegenüber einer Ebene Q' symmetrisch gespeist werden.
  5. HF-Antenne zum Empfangen oder Senden einer geradlinig polarisierten Welle mit Strahlungselementen in Form von Hörnern sowie mit einem Speisenetzwerk vom "verzweigten" Typ, zusammengesetzt aus einerseits mit den Hörnern und andererseits derart miteinander verbundenen Wellenleitern rechteckigen Querschnitts, daß für jedes Horn die Gesamtlänge der Speisestrecke dieselbe ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Anzahl gleich einem Vielfachen von vier einheitlichen Modulen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 aufweist, die untereinander durch ein flaches verzweigtes Netzwerk von demselben Typ gespeist werden, wie das im Innern jedes Moduls verteilte Netzwerk, und das in derselben Ebene wie dieses letztgenannte Netzwerk liegt, so daß alle Hörner der Antenne gleichphasig gespeist werden.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus zwei Platten besteht, deren Oberflächen elektrisch leitend sind, wobei die Hörner in der Dickenrichtung der ersten Platte gebildet sind, wobei die Öffnungen der Hörner in die erste Oberfläche dieser Platte und die Mündungen in die zweite Oberfläche münden, wobei das aus Leitern bestehende Speisenetzwerk durch Rillen in der ersten Oberfläche der zweiten Platte gebildet sind, wobei diese Rillen drei der vier Wände der Leiter und die Anordnung der zweiten Fläche der ersten Platte auf der ersten Fläche der zweiten Platte die vierte Wand der Leiter und die Verbindungen mit den Hörnern bilden.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus zwei Platten besteht, deren Oberflächen elektrisch leitend sind, wobei die Hörner in der Dickenrichtung der ersten Platte gebildet sind, wobei die Öffnungen der Hörner in die erste Oberfläche dieser Platte und die Mündungen in die zweite Oberfläche münden, wobei das aus Leitern bestehende Speisenetzwerk durch vertiefte Rillen in dieser zweiten Oberfläche gebildet sind und drei der vier Wände der Leiter bilden, wobei die zweite Platte eine erste flache Wand bildet und wobei die Anordnung der zweiten Oberfläche der ersten Platte auf der ersten Oberfläche der zweiten Platte die vierte Wand der Leiter und die Verbindungen mit den Hörnern bilden.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material gebildet sind.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten aus einem dielektrischen Material bestehen deren Oberflächen mit einem elektrisch leitenden Material bedeckt sind.
EP86200959A 1985-06-04 1986-06-02 Modulare Mikrowellenantenneneinheiten und Antenne mit solchen Einheiten Expired - Lifetime EP0213646B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508399A FR2582865B1 (fr) 1985-06-04 1985-06-04 Modules unitaires d'antenne hyperfrequences et antenne hyperfrequences comprenant de tels modules
FR8508399 1985-06-04

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EP0213646A1 EP0213646A1 (de) 1987-03-11
EP0213646B1 true EP0213646B1 (de) 1991-09-18

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US (1) US4783663A (de)
EP (1) EP0213646B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6258706A (de)
DE (1) DE3681534D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2582865B1 (de)

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US4783663A (en) 1988-11-08
DE3681534D1 (de) 1991-10-24
JPS6258706A (ja) 1987-03-14
FR2582865B1 (fr) 1987-07-31
EP0213646A1 (de) 1987-03-11
FR2582865A1 (fr) 1986-12-05

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