EP1322418A2 - Trägerfixierte rhenium-alkyliden-katalysatoren für die olefin-metathese - Google Patents
Trägerfixierte rhenium-alkyliden-katalysatoren für die olefin-metatheseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1322418A2 EP1322418A2 EP01976225A EP01976225A EP1322418A2 EP 1322418 A2 EP1322418 A2 EP 1322418A2 EP 01976225 A EP01976225 A EP 01976225A EP 01976225 A EP01976225 A EP 01976225A EP 1322418 A2 EP1322418 A2 EP 1322418A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- group
- carrier
- sio
- metathesis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical group [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003282 rhenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 imido groups Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005865 alkene metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010535 acyclic diene metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005686 cross metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007152 ring opening metathesis polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005872 self-metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035495 ADMET Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium monoxide Inorganic materials [Nb]=O BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GJVFBWCTGUSGDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L pentamethonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GJVFBWCTGUSGDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- WZHKDGJSXCTSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-3-ene Chemical compound CCCC=CCC WZHKDGJSXCTSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- ATQUFXWBVZUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopentene Chemical compound CC1=CCCC1 ATQUFXWBVZUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopropane Chemical compound C1CC1 LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000166675 Cymbopogon nardus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018791 Cymbopogon nardus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OOXWYYGXTJLWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropene Chemical compound C1C=C1 OOXWYYGXTJLWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten Chemical class [W]=O VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorane Chemical class [PH5] VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003281 rhenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical group C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyltin Chemical group C[Sn](C)(C)C VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
- B01J31/1625—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/02—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/04—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/475—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by splitting of carbon-to-carbon bonds and redistribution, e.g. disproportionation or migration of groups between different molecules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/50—Redistribution or isomerisation reactions of C-C, C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/54—Metathesis reactions, e.g. olefin metathesis
- B01J2231/543—Metathesis reactions, e.g. olefin metathesis alkene metathesis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
- B01J2231/74—Aziridination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an olefin metathesis process in which rhenium-carbene complexes are used as catalysts which have higher activities due to the targeted fixation on the surface of a suitable carrier.
- olefin metathesis is the reaction of two olefins with one another, whereby new olefins are formed by breaking and reforming the olefinic double bond. This is shown in simplified form in the diagram below.
- Unsaturated polymers can also be obtained by olefin metathesis, namely by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic olefins and by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET) of ⁇ -, ⁇ -dienes.
- Examples of newer applications are the selective ring opening of cyclic olefins with acyclic olefins and ring closure reactions (RCM), with which unsaturated rings of different ring sizes can be produced, preferably using ⁇ -, ⁇ -dienes.
- a large number of transition metal compounds are suitable as catalysts for metathesis reactions, in particular those of subgroups VI to VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
- the catalysts used can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
- heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts are used in industrial applications. These are based primarily on rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten oxides, which are generally based on oxidic supports such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 / SiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 are fixed.
- these catalysts are prepared by means of aqueous impregnation techniques, the active compounds from salts, such as NH ReO, HReO, NH WO 3 or NH MoO 3 , being fixed on the support.
- salts such as NH ReO, HReO, NH WO 3 or NH MoO 3
- MeReO 3 as a precursor of the active catalyst species.
- All of the catalysts described above are notable for high activity and regenerability in reactions of sterically undemanding or nonfunctionalized olefins; However, when using such functionalized olefins, such as methyl oleate, or of sterically demanding olefins with bulky substituents and / or complete substitution of the double bond, they have to be pretreated with an alkylating agent in order to increase the activity. Commonly used alkylating agents are lead tetramethyl and tin tetramethyl.
- protic functional groups such as -OH, -CO H or -NHR 2
- the object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst system which is suitable for olefin metathesis and which is also particularly suitable for the use of low-reactivity functionalized olefins, without prior activation having to be carried out. Furthermore, the catalysts should preferably not deactivate spontaneously on contact with reactive functional groups on the olefins used.
- a heterogeneous catalyst which is fixed on an inorganic support and comprises at least one active rhenium compound with at least one carbene group and, if appropriate, further functional groups, characterized in that the rhenium compound has a chemical bond, preferably a covalent bond the material used as a carrier is connected.
- the catalyst systems mentioned above have a high activity and thus enable the use of inert, sterically hindered and or functionalized olefins in the metathesis reaction.
- the metathesis reaction can often be carried out at low temperatures, for example room temperature.
- the bond is preferably a covalent bond.
- a precursor connection of the active species with the carrier is implemented according to the invention.
- the precursor compounds have one or more reactive groups which are capable of reacting with potential groups present on the support.
- a covalent bond is formed between the support and the metal. This can be done, for example, by splitting off one or both of the groups that react with one another.
- the rhenium complexes used according to the invention as a precursor compound and as active species are in oxidation states III to VII, preferably IV to VII, in particular V to VII.
- the active complex must have at least one carbene unit, so that the activity in the metathesis reaction is guaranteed.
- This carbene unit can be introduced into the active complex by various measures.
- the carbene unit can already be present on the precursor connection.
- a precursor unit of the carbene function can be present on the precursor compound, from which this unit is formed during the reaction with the carrier.
- a carbine function present on the precursor compound can be converted into a carbene function by protonation by a proton, for example, on the carrier.
- functional groups can also be present on the precursor compound, which groups can be converted into a carbene function after the precursor has been fixed on the carrier by a suitable chemical reaction with, for example, an organometallic reagent.
- the precursor compound preferably has at least one carbene, carbine or alkyl unit.
- precursor compounds used according to the invention have the general formula (I)
- R 1 to R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyclic and acyclic, linear and branched, substituted and unsubstituted Ct-C ⁇ alkyl groups, C 2 -C 4 o-alkenyl and alkynyl groups, Cs-Cp aromatics and silyl groups.
- R 1 to R 6 are preferably selected independently of one another from linear and branched CrCio-alkyl groups, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl and alkynyl groups and C6-C 7 aromatics. These groups can carry halogens, ester groups or silyl groups as substituents.
- R 1 to R 6 are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, trialkylsilyl , and vinyl groups.
- X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, oxo groups, imido groups, alkoxy groups and nitride groups.
- the indices a, b, c and d are independently integers from 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2, the values of the individual numbers depending on the stoichiometrically required amounts.
- the precursor compounds are reacted with the carrier, the fixed, active complex being formed by reaction between the reactive groups.
- the active complex has at least one carbene unit.
- the active complex preferably has a composition corresponding to the general formula (II)
- S is the carrier
- R 1 to R 6 , X and a, b, c and d have the meaning defined above for formula (I), the values for a to d again resulting from the required stoichiometry.
- the substances of the formula (II) are derived from the substances of the formula (I) in that at least one of the substituents obtained in (I) has been cleaved off or converted to another substituent, which occurs during the reaction with the carrier.
- the active complex used in the present invention is the complex of formula (III)
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of linear and "branched d-Cs-alkyl groups. The best results have been obtained with a complex of formula (111) in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a tert-butyl group.
- the reactive groups which are present on the support and can react with the groups on the precursor compound can in principle be selected in accordance with their desired reactivity. Protic groups will often be present on the support.
- the oxidic carriers preferred in the context of the present invention they will preferably have hydroxyl groups which react with the precursor compound by splitting off a proton.
- a metal-oxygen bond is formed by which the active complex is fixed.
- the active complexes fixed via an oxygen atom are preferred according to the invention.
- Examples of preferred oxidic supports according to the invention include SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 / SiO 2 , NbO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 as well as zeolites and clays of natural and synthetic origin.
- the carriers can be modified by, for example, Lewis or Bronsted acids, such as sulfate ions, BF 3 or boroganyls.
- SiO 2 is preferably used, which can be porous or non-porous, for example mesoporous with pores of 20 to 200 ⁇ .
- the supports can also have been treated in another suitable manner, for example by a heat treatment to remove water.
- a heat treatment to remove water.
- this may have been treated at temperatures of 200 to 800 ° C.
- the heat treatments can be carried out under an inert gas atmosphere or under an oxygen atmosphere.
- the catalysts of the formula (II) used according to the invention are prepared by reacting the precursor compound of the formula (I) with the support which has at least one suitable reactive group, as a result of which the fixed active complex is formed.
- the reaction can be carried out in a suitable inert solvent in which the precursor compound is dispersed or dissolved and then reacted with the carrier.
- suitable solvents or dispersants are paraffins, for example pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, ether.
- the reaction can also be carried out by evaporating the carrier with a precursor compound which is brought into the gas phase, for example by sublimation.
- the active complex is prepared in which a compound which contains reactive groups corresponds to the reactive Groups can react on the carrier, is implemented with this. Apart from the reactive group, this compound contains no organic functions. In general, the compounds of this type do not have any organic substituents such as carbine, carbene or alkyl functions, but possibly alkoxy, oxo, amido, imido, nitride and / or halogen atoms, if appropriate also alkyl groups.
- the compound After being fixed on the support, the compound is then converted into the active complex, for example by alkylating reagents such as organoaluminum, organozinc and Grignard compounds, alkylidene precursor compounds such as phosphoranes and diazoalkanes, reactive and / or unsaturated hydrocarbons such as cyclopropane, cyclopropene, Alkynes, dienes, alkenes.
- alkylating reagents such as organoaluminum, organozinc and Grignard compounds, alkylidene precursor compounds such as phosphoranes and diazoalkanes, reactive and / or unsaturated hydrocarbons such as cyclopropane, cyclopropene, Alkynes, dienes, alkenes.
- the catalysts of the invention are extremely reactive. In principle, they can be used for all olefins, whether they are reactive or inert or, if appropriate, have further functional groups.
- olefins can carry terminal or internal double bonds and can be cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched.
- the total carbon number can be from 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 40; the double bonds can be unsubstituted or mono-, bi-, tri- or tetrasubstituted.
- the olefins which can be used can also be cyclic olefins, for example cycloalkenes or cycloalkadienes. There may be further functional groups, for example further double or triple bonds. Examples of further possible substituents are aromatic functions, ester, aldehyde, keto, nitrile, amide, alcohol and amine functions, sulfur and phosphorus units.
- the catalysts used according to the invention are furthermore suitable for use in principle in all metathesis reactions, that is to say in self-metathesis as well as in the co-metathesis of acyclic olefins, and of course also in ethenolysis. Furthermore, they can be used in the metathesis reactions explained above, which are known under the abbreviations ROMP, ADMET and RCM.
- the olefin / catalyst ratio is from 1 to 10,000,000, preferably 2 to 100,000, particularly preferably 4 to 1,000.
- the reaction temperature is set to values from -50 to 400 ° C., preferably 0 to 150 ° C., in particular 15 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out in the absence of or with a solvent.
- a solvent is preferably aprotic and apolar. Examples include paraffins, preferably hexane and pentane, halogenated compounds, preferably dichloromethane and dichlorobenzene, and aromatic compounds, preferably toluene.
- the solvent may have been degassed before the reaction.
- the concentration of olefins is from 0.001 mol / 1 to 10 mol / 1, preferably 0.01 to 5 mol / 1, in particular 0.1 to 2 mol / 1.
- the reaction can be carried out continuously or batchwise.
- Example 6 Conversion of pent-2-nitrile
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10046143A DE10046143A1 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2000-09-15 | Trägerfixierte Katalysatoren für die Olefin-Metathese |
DE10046143 | 2000-09-15 | ||
PCT/EP2001/010675 WO2002022262A2 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-14 | TRÄGERFIXIERTE RHENIUM-ALKYLIDEN-KATALYSATOREN FüR DIE OLEFIN-METATHESE |
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EP1322418A2 true EP1322418A2 (de) | 2003-07-02 |
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EP01976225A Ceased EP1322418A2 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2001-09-14 | Trägerfixierte rhenium-alkyliden-katalysatoren für die olefin-metathese |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6878660B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1322418A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004508191A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1457272A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001295565A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2422594A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10046143A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002022262A2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200302067B (de) |
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US20120289617A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hybrid Catalyst for Olefin Metathesis |
DE102014105885A1 (de) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Universität Stuttgart | N-Heterozyklische Carbenkomplexe von Metallimidoalkylidenen und Metalloxoalkylidenen und deren Verwendung |
CN104311378B (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-02-24 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种制备新己烯及其催化剂的制备方法 |
US10308572B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2019-06-04 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Process for compound transformation |
Citations (1)
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US5905055A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1999-05-18 | Dsm N.V. | Heterogeneous metathesis catalyst |
Family Cites Families (11)
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FR2525224A1 (fr) * | 1982-04-14 | 1983-10-21 | Rhone Poulenc Chim Base | Nouveaux complexes de metaux de transition coordones avec un acide de lewis, procede de preparation de ces complexes, utilisation de ces complexes en tant que catalyseurs dans la reaction de metathese des olefines |
US4818442A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1989-04-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Disproportionation process |
US5342985A (en) | 1988-12-10 | 1994-08-30 | Hoechst Ag | Organic derivatives of rhenium oxides and their preparation and use for the metathesis of olefins |
US5146033A (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1992-09-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Homogeneous rhenium catalysts for metathesis of olefins |
US5087710A (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1992-02-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Homogeneous rhenium catalysts for metathesis of olefins |
FI84562C (fi) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-12-27 | Neste Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer framstaellning av heterogena katalysatorer. |
US5175311A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1992-12-29 | Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. | Method of enantioselective cyclopropanation using chiral catalysts |
US5198511A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-03-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polymerizable compositions containing olefin metathesis catalysts and cocatalysts, and methods of use therefor |
JP3521912B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-30 | 2004-04-26 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | トランス非共役ジオレフィンの合成方法 |
FR2750894B1 (fr) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-11-06 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de metathese d'alcanes et son catalyseur |
DE19932060A1 (de) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-18 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von C¶5¶-/C¶6¶-Olefinen |
-
2000
- 2000-09-15 DE DE10046143A patent/DE10046143A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-09-14 WO PCT/EP2001/010675 patent/WO2002022262A2/de active Application Filing
- 2001-09-14 AU AU2001295565A patent/AU2001295565A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-14 CN CN01815641A patent/CN1457272A/zh active Pending
- 2001-09-14 EP EP01976225A patent/EP1322418A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-09-14 US US10/363,858 patent/US6878660B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-14 JP JP2002526504A patent/JP2004508191A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-14 CA CA002422594A patent/CA2422594A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5905055A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1999-05-18 | Dsm N.V. | Heterogeneous metathesis catalyst |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20030181776A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
WO2002022262A3 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
JP2004508191A (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
CN1457272A (zh) | 2003-11-19 |
ZA200302067B (en) | 2004-04-01 |
WO2002022262A2 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
AU2001295565A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
DE10046143A1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
CA2422594A1 (en) | 2003-03-14 |
US6878660B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 |
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