EP1315873B1 - Verfahren zum bau eines halbkugelförmigen gebäudes - Google Patents

Verfahren zum bau eines halbkugelförmigen gebäudes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1315873B1
EP1315873B1 EP01960029A EP01960029A EP1315873B1 EP 1315873 B1 EP1315873 B1 EP 1315873B1 EP 01960029 A EP01960029 A EP 01960029A EP 01960029 A EP01960029 A EP 01960029A EP 1315873 B1 EP1315873 B1 EP 1315873B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formwork
building
elements
concrete
formwork elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01960029A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1315873A1 (de
Inventor
René Trottmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1315873A1 publication Critical patent/EP1315873A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1315873B1 publication Critical patent/EP1315873B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3217—Auxiliary supporting devices used during erection of the arched structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3258—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel
    • E04B2001/3264—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel hardened in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E04B2001/3288—Panel frame details, e.g. flanges of steel sheet panels

Definitions

  • Hemispherical buildings and dome-shaped structures also known as hill houses or mound houses
  • hill houses or mound houses offer many advantages, for example because of their high load capacity with low material costs.
  • they have the disadvantage that they are relatively expensive to build. Since a conventional formwork is very costly and time consuming because of the hemisphere shape, mounds are often built without formwork. It is only placed the iron reinforcement and sprayed with concrete. However, this method has many disadvantages. Thus, the iron reinforcement must be relatively dense and thus material consuming designed so that the concrete adheres to it and does not pass through the iron reinforcement. Furthermore, the concrete surfaces produced are very irregular, which is particularly disadvantageous on the inside, since the wall must be plastered before painting in general in order to achieve a smooth surface.
  • the igloo can have a net on the outside, on which plaster can be applied. Due to the use of the plastic material, the igloo described is relatively light, which in turn brings with it a certain disadvantage in terms of stability. In addition, the connection of the wedge-shaped elements by tongue and groove is less stable, so that cracks can occur along the connections.
  • Both the DE 32 46 364 as well as the GB 2 028 395 describe each dome-shaped buildings, which are composed of prefabricated elements. However, it is in no case a formwork, which can be removed after the construction of the building again.
  • a shuttering offers many advantages over prefabricated components. This leaves a certain flexibility in the construction of the building, since with the help of a formwork diverse building variations can be realized, which is not possible with prefabricated elements. Also, the structure of the wall is variable, since, for example, when using a formwork exclusively concrete can be used, or an insulating layer can be applied with, or supply lines can be introduced directly in place already with. All this is possible when using a formwork without additional burden and without additional effort, whereas in the production of precast industrial production is desired, which greatly increases the realization of individual desires. As stated above, the known formwork systems for building a hemisphere house are less suitable. For each individual hemispherical building, an individual formwork is created, which is destroyed after the construction of the building.
  • the inventive formwork element which is provided for the construction of a hemispherical building, has along its circumference at least on the side edges cantilevered webs, which protrude to the later building interior out.
  • the individual formwork elements are fast, easy and stable connectable to the overall formwork.
  • at least two formwork elements are positioned so that each side of each element comes into contact with an adjacent side of the other element.
  • the two formwork elements are brought into contact so that they are connected to each other to the building interior projecting ridges.
  • quick-release fasteners are preferably provided, for example in the form of brackets or locking pins, in order to enable a rapid installation of the formwork.
  • the projections deviate slightly in relation to the main body of the formwork element from the vertical, for example by 1 - 10 °.
  • the formwork elements according to the invention preferably have a wedge shape, with the formwork elements increasingly tapering or tapering from the bottom to the top of the later hemisphere.
  • the individual formwork elements are not flat, but are curved to achieve a uniform dome shape.
  • shuttering elements are provided, which in the form of the same described wedge-shaped basic formwork elements are adapted from the outside. The surface of these special formwork elements increases toward the top to allow windows and doors projecting out of the hemispherical building into a dormer shape, so to speak.
  • the novel formwork elements glass fiber plastic is preferably provided, whereby a special lightness and ease of use is achieved. It is further provided that the lateral webs made of metal, preferably made of aluminum, in order to achieve a sufficiently high strength. It is further provided that not only the cantilevered webs, but the entire formwork element may consist of aluminum. As a result, the production of formwork elements is particularly favorable because the webs can be formed on the formwork body by folding or bending. In addition, it is provided that on the inventive formwork element insulating material is detachably attachable, for example by gluing.
  • the main advantage of the formwork element according to the invention is its reusability. After curing of the sprayed or possibly also applied by hand concrete, the formwork elements can be removed, cleaned and reused. Through to the building interior above Webs is the formwork described very light, fast and yet stable erectable; As a rule, almost no tools are needed for this. Hammer, levers and wrenches are usually sufficient. Also, it requires no supports because of the low weight; In principle, two workers can set up the formwork for a complete mound house without much effort, since the projecting to the interior of the building webs for connecting the formwork elements are easily accessible.
  • the inventive method for the construction of a hemispherical building provides that the formwork elements described are strung together, preferably on a base plate.
  • the setting up of the formwork elements takes place in that the shuttering elements are brought into contact with each other and along the contact surfaces forming cantilevered webs are connected to each other at the side edges, namely via quick fasteners.
  • shuttering elements mainly wedge-shaped basic elements are used. In places where door or
  • Window openings are provided corresponding formwork special elements are used in dormer shape.
  • the desired materials are applied, in particular iron reinforcement first, in order to increase the stability of the finished building.
  • concrete is sprayed on, with the application of the concrete can be made in layers as desired.
  • a stiffening of the building can also be done by using fiber reinforced concrete, whereby the iron reinforcement can be saved.
  • a curable synthetic material for example a foamable plastic such as polystyrene or polyurethane.
  • insulating material can be applied directly to the formwork, for example by means of adhesive strips. Concrete is then applied to the insulating material as just described. Again, an iron reinforcement may be provided.
  • the formwork elements can be sprayed with or coated with formwork oil prior to the application of concrete to facilitate the subsequent detachment of the formwork from the hardened concrete.
  • the formwork is removed by releasing the quick fasteners from the inside and removing the formwork.
  • the stripping of the finished building is done in a simple and effort-saving manner, by the elements can be removed gradually. Since no supports and braces are needed to build the hemispherical building, the Ausschalungsvorgang is very fast vonstatten.
  • Fig. 1 an inventive formwork element 1 is shown.
  • the formwork element 1 has a wedge shape, which tapers from the bottom side 3 of the formwork element 1 towards the end face 2.
  • the end face 2 points towards the tip of the hemisphere, and the bottom side 3 rests on a base plate.
  • the formwork element 1 according to the invention has two side edges 4 and 5.
  • the inventive formwork element 1 at least along these side edges 4 and 5 at least sections webs 10 (see. Fig. 2 to 5 ), which serve the connection of the individual formwork elements 1 together, so as a hemisphere house according to 8 and 9 to create.
  • the formwork elements 1 are formed curved, indicated by a Abkantline 6. To produce a hemispherical building several such formwork elements 1 are required. For this reason, it is provided that the formwork elements 1 each correspond to an angle à of the circle of the bottom surface. Preferably, it is provided that a hemispherical building with the aid of twenty of the formwork elements 1 according to the invention can be scooped in, so that an angle of preferably 18 ° is provided.
  • any other number of segments, and therefore any other degree of angle can be used which makes it possible to create a uniformly rounded building.
  • the end faces 2 remain as an opening or as a skylight at the top of the building hemisphere.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view (according to arrow II) of the formwork element 1.
  • the top 7 of the formwork element 1 faces the outside of the building and the bottom 8 to the building interior.
  • the bottom side 3 is located on the bottom plate, and the end face 2 points towards the top of the hemisphere.
  • the area facing the bottom plate 9 is formed approximately vertically to the bottom plate. This area 9, also known as the knee skirt, makes it possible to use the hemispherical shape Efficient use of the structure in the lower area as well.
  • Fig. 2 is also the web 10 indicated on the side edge 4. This protrudes beyond the underside 8 of the formwork element 1 and thus points to the later interior of the building.
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged cross section along the section line III-III in Fig. 2 , It clearly shows the projection of the web 10 on the side edge 4 of the formwork element 1.
  • the web 10 may have a plurality of holes or guides 11, which serve for the introduction of connectors or other quick-release fasteners.
  • the 4 and 5 show the connection of two formwork elements 1 and 1 ', wherein a respective identical element for distinguishing is marked with apostrophe.
  • the formwork elements 1 and 1 ' are brought into contact with each other so that they touch along their side edges 5 and 4'. As a result, the webs 10 and 10 'come to lie next to each other.
  • the formwork elements 1 and 1 ' are now using a stable bracket 12 ( Fig. 4 ) or a connector 13 ( Fig. 5 ) or a similar quick-release fastener (eg plug-in wedge).
  • Fig. 4 is a molded web 10, 10 'is shown, which is formed in the manufacture of the formwork elements 1, 1', with z. B. when rolling or pressing an aluminum sheet.
  • Fig. 5 on the other hand represents a web 10, 10 ', which was after the molding of the body 14, 14' of the formwork element 1, 1 'was attached.
  • the cantilevered web 10, 10 ' for example in the form of a metal strip on the Side edges of the formwork body 14, 14 'placed and fastened there, for example by means of rivets or other fastening means 15, 15'.
  • Out Fig. 5 also shows that the webs 10, 10 'of the perpendicular of the main body 14 of the formwork element 1 at an angle à deviates.
  • the angle a is in particular 1 - 10 ⁇ .
  • Fig. 6 shows a formwork element 20 in side view.
  • the formwork element 20 is a formwork special element and provided for creating an opening in the hemispherical building.
  • This in Fig. 6 Shuttering element 20 shown is used z. B. the formwork of a door.
  • To produce a window instead of a door is provided to use a similarly shaped formwork element, for example, by omitting the lying below the line 21 area.
  • This shuttering element 20 has, in correspondence with the formwork element 1, a bottom side 23, an end face 22 for the window or door surface and a lateral boundary surface 24 (cf. Fig. 9 ), facing towards the cavity connecting surface 25 to the main formwork (see. Fig. 8 ) and a top 27 on.
  • a hood element 26 (see also Fig. 9 ) and preferably covered with an insulating layer 30 to then be poured over with concrete, as indicated by the line 32.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through the structure of the wall of a hemispherical building.
  • the formwork element 1 On the (left here) inside 36 of the building, the formwork element 1 is shown. It consists of the actual formwork body 14 with the top 7 and bottom 8. Furthermore, the web 10 with the guides 11 can be seen. By means of bonds 31, an insulating layer 30 is attached to the formwork element 1.
  • This insulating layer 30 may consist of any known insulating material. On the insulating layer 30, a concrete layer 32 is then applied. Anchoring means 33, 34, 35 are provided for connecting the concrete layer 32 to the insulating layer 30, wherein the anchoring means 33, 34, 35 may also have a hook or barb form. The insulating layer 30 is thus anchored in the concrete layer 32, so that the formwork element 1 can be detached during stripping on the bond 31.
  • the inventive method will now be based on the Fig. 1 to 7 described.
  • the formwork elements 1 are connected to one another and to one another via the projecting webs 10, which extend at least along the sides 4 and 5.
  • the connection is made via quick-release fasteners, for example U-shaped brackets 12 which embrace the webs 10 or via connectors 13.
  • the Formwork special elements 20 attached from the outside to those places where later door or window cutouts are provided.
  • the formwork elements 20 for the windows, concrete or other hardening materials or insulating materials can be sprayed directly on, or an intermediate layer of insulating material is used.
  • the casing is removed towards the interior of the building.
  • the quick fasteners such as brackets 12 or connectors 13, z. B. detached by a light hammer blow and the shuttering elements 1 and 20 removed from the wall of the hemispherical shell building, with any insulating layer 30 used remains securely anchored to the concrete layer 32. This creates a hemisphere house according to Fig. 9 (Side view).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
EP01960029A 2000-09-06 2001-08-20 Verfahren zum bau eines halbkugelförmigen gebäudes Expired - Lifetime EP1315873B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01742/00A CH694338A5 (de) 2000-09-06 2000-09-06 Schalungselement zum Bau eines halbkugelförmigigen Gebäudes und Verfahren zur Schalung bei dessen Bau.
CH174200 2000-09-06
PCT/CH2001/000510 WO2002020921A1 (de) 2000-09-06 2001-08-20 Schalungselement zum bau eines halbkugelförmigen gebäudes und verfahren zur schalung bei dessen bau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1315873A1 EP1315873A1 (de) 2003-06-04
EP1315873B1 true EP1315873B1 (de) 2009-09-02

Family

ID=4566100

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01960029A Expired - Lifetime EP1315873B1 (de) 2000-09-06 2001-08-20 Verfahren zum bau eines halbkugelförmigen gebäudes

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20040099977A1 (cs)
EP (1) EP1315873B1 (cs)
AT (1) ATE441767T1 (cs)
AU (1) AU2001281643A1 (cs)
CH (1) CH694338A5 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ304980B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE50115090D1 (cs)
HR (1) HRP20030159B1 (cs)
WO (1) WO2002020921A1 (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016156915A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Mathur Utsav Formwork and method for constructing family of dome-like shell structures

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9194122B2 (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-11-24 Carlos Alberto Henriques DaCosta Dome enclosure
US20240287807A1 (en) * 2023-02-27 2024-08-29 Nephi Price Robotics dome construction system and method
AT527289B1 (de) 2023-06-01 2026-02-15 Ge Projekterrichtungsgmbh Bogenhaus

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016156915A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Mathur Utsav Formwork and method for constructing family of dome-like shell structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HRP20030159B1 (en) 2010-07-31
ATE441767T1 (de) 2009-09-15
EP1315873A1 (de) 2003-06-04
CZ304980B6 (cs) 2015-03-04
US20040099977A1 (en) 2004-05-27
HRP20030159A2 (en) 2005-02-28
DE50115090D1 (de) 2009-10-15
WO2002020921A1 (de) 2002-03-14
CZ2003638A3 (cs) 2003-10-15
CH694338A5 (de) 2004-11-30
AU2001281643A1 (en) 2002-03-22

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