EP1283281A2 - Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Chlor aus wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Chlor aus wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1283281A2 EP1283281A2 EP02016239A EP02016239A EP1283281A2 EP 1283281 A2 EP1283281 A2 EP 1283281A2 EP 02016239 A EP02016239 A EP 02016239A EP 02016239 A EP02016239 A EP 02016239A EP 1283281 A2 EP1283281 A2 EP 1283281A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- chamber
- pressure
- oxygen
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the electrochemical production of chlorine from aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride in an electrolytic cell.
- Aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride fall for example as By-products in the production of organic chlorine compounds by Chlorination with elemental chlorine. Many of these organic chlorine compounds are intermediates for the large-scale production of plastics.
- the Any aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride must be recycled be supplied. Preferably, the recovery takes place in such a way that from the aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride again chlorine is produced, which then can be used for example for further chlorinations.
- the conversion to chlorine can e.g. by electrolysis of the aqueous solutions of Hydrogen chloride take place on a gas diffusion cathode.
- a corresponding Method is known from US-A-5 770 035.
- the electrolysis is carried out according to US-A-5 770 035 in an electrolytic cell with an anode compartment, with a suitable Anode, e.g. a noble metal coated or doped titanium electrode, with the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is filled.
- the one formed at the anode Chlorine escapes from the anode compartment and becomes suitable treatment fed.
- the anode compartment is from a cathode compartment by a commercially available Cation exchange membrane separated.
- On the cathode side is a gas diffusion electrode on the cation exchange membrane. Behind the gas diffusion electrode there is a power distributor.
- In the cathode compartment is usually an oxygen-containing gas or pure oxygen introduced.
- the anode compartment is maintained at a higher pressure than the cathode compartment.
- the setting of the pressure can e.g. done by a liquid immersion, through which in the anode chamber formed chlorine gas is passed.
- the US-A-5,770,035 known method has the drawback, that at high current densities, including in particular current densities greater than 4000 A / m 2 are understood to be formed on the gas diffusion cathode, a relatively high amount of hydrogen.
- high current densities are necessary in the technical implementation of the method for economic reasons.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for electrochemical Production of chlorine from aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride, using itself When working with high current densities, as little hydrogen as possible is formed and sets the lowest possible voltage.
- the invention relates to a process for the electrochemical production of Chlorine from aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride in an electrolytic cell, comprising at least one anode chamber and a cathode chamber, wherein the Anodenhunt through a cation exchange membrane of the cathode chamber is separated, the anode chamber an anode and the cathode chamber an oxygen-consuming cathode contains, and in the anode chamber, the aqueous solution of Hydrogen chloride and introduced into the cathode chamber, an oxygen-containing gas is, wherein the absolute pressure in the cathode chamber is at least 1.05 bar.
- oxygen-containing gas for example, pure oxygen, a mixture of Oxygen and inert gases, in particular nitrogen, or air are used.
- Preferred oxygen-containing gas is pure oxygen, in particular a purity used by at least 99 vol .-%.
- the indication of the pressure in the cathode chamber are absolute values.
- the pressure in the cathode chamber is preferably 1.05 to 1.5 bar, especially preferably 1.05 to 1.3 bar.
- the adjustment of the pressure in the cathode chamber on the inventive Value of at least 1.05 bar can be done, for example, that the Cathode chamber supplied oxygen-containing gas through a pressure holding device is accumulated.
- a suitable pressure holding device is for example a Fluid compression, through which the cathode space is shut off.
- a throttling About valves also provides a suitable method for adjusting the Pressure in the cathode compartment.
- the pressure in the anode chamber is 50 to 500 mbar, completely more preferably 200 to 500 mbar higher than the pressure in the cathode chamber.
- the process according to the invention is preferably operated at a current density of at least 3500 A / m 2 , more preferably at a current density of at least 4000 A / m 2 , particularly preferably at a current density of at least 5000 A / m 2 .
- the temperature of the supplied aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is preferably 30 to 80 ° C, particularly preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the electrolyzer in the Carrying out the process according to the invention 5 to 20 wt .-%, especially preferably 10 to 15 wt .-%.
- the spent hydrochloric acid in the electrolyser can through a hydrochloric acid supplied to the electrolyzer in the concentration range of 8 to Be supplemented 36 wt .-%.
- the oxygen-containing gas is preferably supplied in such an amount that Oxygen in excess of the theoretically required amount is present. Particularly preferred is a 1.2 to 1.5-fold excess of oxygen.
- the process according to the invention is carried out in an electrochemical cell (electrolysis cell) performed, the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane is separated from the cathode chamber, wherein the cathode chamber a Contains oxygen-consuming cathode.
- the electrolysis cell used may, for example, the following components comprising: an anode in an anode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, which is hydrostatically pressed onto an oxygen-consuming cathode (SVK), which itself in turn supported on a cathode-side power distributor and so electrically is contacted, and a cathode-side gas space (cathode chamber).
- SVK oxygen-consuming cathode
- the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is introduced into the anode chamber, the oxygen-containing gas in the cathode chamber.
- oxygen-consuming cathode is not critical. It can be the well-known and partially commercially available oxygen-consuming cathodes are used. Preferably, however, oxygen-consuming cathodes are used which have a Catalyst of the platinum group, preferably platinum or rhodium.
- Suitable cation exchange membranes are those made of perfluoroethylene, which contain sulfonic acid groups as active centers. They are both Single-layer membranes containing sulfonic acid groups with equal equivalent weights on both sides have, as well as membranes, sulfonic acid groups on both sides with different equivalent weights are suitable. Also Membranes with carboxyl groups on the cathode side are conceivable.
- Suitable anodes are, for example, titanium anodes, in particular with a acid-resistant, chlorine-evolving coating.
- the cathode-side power distributor can be made of titanium expanded metal or made of precious metal coated titanium.
- FIG. 1 A suitable electrolytic cell for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
- the electrolysis cell 1 is divided by a cation exchange membrane 6 into a cathode chamber 2 with an oxygen-consuming cathode 5 and an anode chamber 3 with an anode 4 .
- the oxygen-consuming cathode 5 is located on the cathode side on the cation exchange membrane 6 .
- Behind the Sauerstoffverzehrkathode 5 is a power distributor. 7 Due to the higher pressure in the anode chamber 3 , the cation exchange membrane 6 is pressed onto the oxygen-consuming cathode 5 and this in turn onto the current distributor 7 . In this way, the Sauerstoffverzehrkathode 5 is sufficiently electrically contacted and supplied with power.
- the adjustment of the pressure in the cathode chamber 2 and anode chamber 3 is in each case via a pressure maintenance 8 via an HCl inlet 12 , an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is introduced into the anode chamber 3 , which forms at the anode 4 chlorine, which flows through the pressure maintenance 8 and is discharged from the anode chamber 3 via the Cl 2 outlet 13 .
- oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the cathode chamber 2 , where it reacts with the oxygen-consuming cathode 5 to form water with protons which diffuse out of the anode chamber 3 into the oxygen-consuming cathode 5 .
- the water formed is removed together with the excess oxygen-containing gas via the pressure maintenance 8 from the cathode chamber 2 , wherein the water formed via a H 2 O outlet 11 and the oxygen-containing gas via an O 2 outlet 10 is removed. It is also possible that the oxygen supply is from below and / or that the removal of water formed and oxygen-containing gas is carried out separately via a separate pressure maintenance.
- the electrolysis was carried out in an electrolysis cell 1 divided into a cathode chamber 2 and an anode chamber 3 , as shown schematically in FIG. 1 and explained in greater detail above.
- An activated titanium anode with a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was used as anode 4 .
- the anode chamber 3 was supplied with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride was 60 ° C, the concentration 12-15 wt .-%.
- a gas diffusion electrode of the company E-TEK, type ELAT which was directly on a power distributor 7 in the form of an activated expanded titanium metal.
- Cathode chamber 2 and anode chamber 3 were separated from a cation exchange membrane 6 from DuPont, type Nafion® 324.
- pure oxygen having a content of greater than 99 vol .-% was introduced at a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the electrolysis was at a pressure in the anode chamber 3 of 1 , 4 bar, abs. and a pressure in the cathode chamber 2 of 1 bar, abs., A voltage of 1.67 V and a current density of 6000 A / m 2 operated.
- the excess oxygen-containing gas was removed from the cathode chamber 2 together with the water formed.
- the concentration of hydrogen in this gas was determined by gas chromatography. The hydrogen concentration was 700 ppm after an electrolysis time of 10 minutes, increased steadily during the electrolysis and was 1600 ppm after an electrolysis time of 3 hours.
- Example 1 An electrolysis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride was carried out as described in Example 1.
- the pressure in the anode chamber 3 was 1.4 bar, abs.,
- the pressure in the cathode chamber 2 1 bar, abs.,
- the voltage 1.82 V and the current density 7000 A / m 2 were measured.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Chlor aus wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff in einer Elektrolysezelle, umfassend mindestens eine Anodenkammer und eine Kathodenkammer, wobei die Anodenkammer durch eine Kationenaustauschermembran von der Kathodenkammer getrennt ist, die Anodenkammer eine Anode und die Kathodenkammer eine Sauerstoffverzehrkathode enthält, und in die Anodenkammer die wässrige Lösung von Chlorwasserstoff und in die Kathodenkammer ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas eingeleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck in der Kathodenkammer mindestens 1,05 bar beträgt.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck in der Kathodenkammer 1,05 bis 1,5 bar beträgt.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck in der Anodenkammer 0,01 bis 1000 mbar höher ist als der Druck in der Kathodenkammer.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck in der Anodenkammer 50 bis 500 mbar höher ist als der Druck in der Kathodenkammer.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es bei einer Stromdichte von mindestens 3500 A/m2 betrieben wird.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es bei einer Stromdichte von mindestens 5000 A/m2 betrieben wird.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eingesetzte Sauerstoffverzehrkathode einen Katalysator der Platingruppe, vorzugsweise Platin oder Rhodium enthält.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kationenaustauschermembran aus Perfluorethylen eingesetzt wird, die als aktive Zentren bevorzugt Sulfonsäuregruppen enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10138215A DE10138215A1 (de) | 2001-08-03 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Chlor aus wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff |
DE10138215 | 2001-08-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1283281A2 true EP1283281A2 (de) | 2003-02-12 |
EP1283281A3 EP1283281A3 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
EP1283281B1 EP1283281B1 (de) | 2012-11-14 |
Family
ID=7694329
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02016239A Expired - Lifetime EP1283281B1 (de) | 2001-08-03 | 2002-07-22 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Chlor aus wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6790339B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1283281B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1247818C (de) |
DE (1) | DE10138215A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2397508T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1054575A1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1283281E (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2445578C (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2012-08-28 | Johns Hopkins University | Biological pacemaker comprising dominant-negative kir2.1aaa |
DE10152275A1 (de) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse von wässrigen Lösungen aus Chlorwasserstoff |
EP1577424B1 (de) * | 2002-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Spaltfreie bipolare elektrolysezelle |
DE10342148A1 (de) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse einer wässrigen Lösung von Chlorwasserstoff oder Alkalichlorid |
DE102006023261A1 (de) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor aus Chlorwasserstoff und Sauerstoff |
JP5041769B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2012-10-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | スタートアップ方法 |
DE102008015901A1 (de) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Elektrolysezelle zur Chlorwasserstoffelektrolyse |
CN102395711B (zh) | 2009-04-16 | 2014-09-03 | 氯工程公司 | 采用具有气体扩散电极的两室离子交换膜食盐水电解槽的电解方法 |
DE102009023539B4 (de) * | 2009-05-30 | 2012-07-19 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Elektrolyse einer wässerigen Lösung von Chlorwasserstoff oder Alkalichlorid in einer Elektrolysezelle |
US9175135B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2015-11-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for preparing diaryl carbonates and polycarbonates |
ES2643234T3 (es) | 2010-03-30 | 2017-11-21 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Procedimiento para la preparación de carbonatos de diarilo y policarbonatos |
US8562810B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-10-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | On site generation of alkalinity boost for ware washing applications |
KR101585995B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-10 | 2016-01-22 | 이시후꾸 긴조꾸 고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | 살균수 생성장치 |
HUE043980T2 (hu) * | 2012-06-29 | 2019-09-30 | Australian Biorefining Pty Ltd | Eljárás és berendezés sósav generálására vagy feltárására fémsó oldatokból |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0785294A1 (de) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-23 | De Nora S.P.A. | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse von wassrigen Lösungen von Salzsäure |
US6149782A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-21 | De Nora S.P.A | Rhodium electrocatalyst and method of preparation |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS534796A (en) * | 1976-07-05 | 1978-01-17 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electrolysis of pressurized alkali halide |
US4311568A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1982-01-19 | General Electric Co. | Anode for reducing oxygen generation in the electrolysis of hydrogen chloride |
US6135331A (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2000-10-24 | Davis; Richard Maurice | Snow ski boot remover |
-
2001
- 2001-08-03 DE DE10138215A patent/DE10138215A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-22 EP EP02016239A patent/EP1283281B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-22 PT PT2016239T patent/PT1283281E/pt unknown
- 2002-07-22 ES ES02016239T patent/ES2397508T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 US US10/207,937 patent/US6790339B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-02 CN CNB021274622A patent/CN1247818C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-18 HK HK03106703.2A patent/HK1054575A1/zh unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0785294A1 (de) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-23 | De Nora S.P.A. | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse von wassrigen Lösungen von Salzsäure |
US6149782A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-21 | De Nora S.P.A | Rhodium electrocatalyst and method of preparation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT1283281E (pt) | 2013-01-24 |
HK1054575A1 (zh) | 2003-12-05 |
JP4251432B2 (ja) | 2009-04-08 |
EP1283281A3 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
JP2003049290A (ja) | 2003-02-21 |
EP1283281B1 (de) | 2012-11-14 |
ES2397508T3 (es) | 2013-03-07 |
CN1247818C (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
CN1405357A (zh) | 2003-03-26 |
DE10138215A1 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
US20030024824A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
US6790339B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
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