EP1112403A1 - Verfahren zur vorbehandlung und zum reaktivfärben von celluloseware - Google Patents
Verfahren zur vorbehandlung und zum reaktivfärben von cellulosewareInfo
- Publication number
- EP1112403A1 EP1112403A1 EP99955683A EP99955683A EP1112403A1 EP 1112403 A1 EP1112403 A1 EP 1112403A1 EP 99955683 A EP99955683 A EP 99955683A EP 99955683 A EP99955683 A EP 99955683A EP 1112403 A1 EP1112403 A1 EP 1112403A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pretreatment
- goods
- cellulose
- per
- ware
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
- D06L1/14—De-sizing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
- D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
- D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/002—Locally enhancing dye affinity of a textile material by chemical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/93—Pretreatment before dyeing
- Y10S8/931—Washing or bleaching
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for pretreatment, namely for desizing and boiling and optionally bleaching, of cellulose ware, in which a treatment liquor with a pretreatment agent containing per compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide, is applied to the cellulose ware and brought into effect in the goods in the sense of the pretreatment becomes. It also relates to a method for applying the treatment agents in the reactive dyeing and color fixing of cellulose goods, in which the goods are pretreated before the color fixing, namely desized, boiled and / or bleached.
- a web-shaped "cellulose ware” is understood to mean textile fabrics made of cellulose - including cotton, viscose, regenerated cellulose and their blends with one another and / or with synthetic fibers.
- the process is primarily intended to be used for textile fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics in In principle, however, use with threads or sets of threads is also possible.
- suitable Per compounds - "Per” for short - which release oxygen in solution, preferably by decomposing hydrogen peroxide are, for example Perborates or percarbonates.
- the respective treatment agent is preferably applied by dipping in a treatment agent fleet.
- Desizing and boiling and, if necessary, bleaching are part of the preparatory steps, the so-called "pretreatment" in textile finishing.
- the purpose of desizing is to remove all substances applied to the fibers during sizing.
- Starch-containing sizing agents can be desized with the aid of enzymes.
- oxidative desizing is required.
- the natural contaminants in cotton, such as fat, waxes, pectins, etc. make this cellulose product hydrophobic, they are therefore removed as "dirt" in a generally alkaline boiling process, for example with sodium hydroxide.
- a combined desizing, washing and bleaching process for raw cotton textiles, which is to be carried out continuously, is described in CH 560 789.
- the cellulose ware is moistened with an aqueous solution which contains an alkali metal hydroxide and per compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxidiphosphate as essential components.
- the goods are heated to a treatment temperature of approximately 80 to 135 ° C.
- the treatment room contains 100 vol.% Steam.
- At the lower temperature limit of 80 ° C and normal pressure provided in the known almost 100 vol.% Steam is also reached in the treatment room. After the heat treatment, the goods are washed.
- DE 39 08 769 A1 proposes adding glyoxal or glyoxylic acid to the bath intended for dyeing. These substances are intended to neutralize per-compounds that have remained on the goods from the peroxide bleaching - if possible without intermediate washing. The additional chemicals lead to a corresponding waste water pollution.
- a very similar process for dyeing in reactive colors following a bleaching process is disclosed in US 53 78 245.
- the treatment liquor used for bleaching contains hydrogen peroxide. It is applied to the goods at 70 to 120 ° C for 45 to 60 minutes.
- DE 31 24 961 A1 describes a batch process for simultaneous dyeing and desizing. It is a cold retention process in which color and desizing agent (amylase) and soda are added to the treatment bath. After dipping and squeezing and a liquor absorption of about 70%, the textile goods are rolled up and - wrapped with a plastic film - stored for 24 hours at approx. 20 ° C and slow rotation. The goods are then passed through a boiling soap bath, among other things. If the goods are to be bleached, the soap bath can contain the bleaching hydrogen peroxide.
- the simultaneous dyeing and desizing process cannot be combined with bleaching because the bleaching agent would damage the color.
- the fabric soaked with a dye liquor containing the reactive dye is treated in an air dryer with atypically moist drying air.
- the moisture content and the residence time of the goods in the air dryer are set so that the desired reaction of the dye with the cellulose fibers takes place in the dryer all the way.
- the air dryer is operated with the considerably steam-laden drying air in order to achieve an optimal color yield with minimal use of chemical aids.
- the invention has for its object to provide a pretreatment process which allows a continuous, continuous mode of operation, which essentially combines the pretreatment in a treatment unit or unit type, does not require special neutralizing agents for removing any residues of per-compounds and - without excess pressure - compared to the prior art Technology requires shorter throughput times for the treated textile goods.
- Another object is to reduce the consumption of the total amount of chemical auxiliaries, in particular alkali substances, required for pretreatment and color fixing during reactive dyeing, without impairing the success of the pretreatment or the color yield.
- the water content in the textile goods during drying is reduced to approximately the same extent at approximately the same rate as the proportion of per-compounds, in particular hydrogen peroxide, - at the respective treatment temperature - decomposes or is consumed.
- concentration of the per-compounds in the fleet still present in the goods should remain approximately constant according to the invention.
- control the disintegration rate of the per-compounds for example in accordance with their respective task and / or the treatment temperature, for example by adding stabilizers or de-stabilizers, in such a way that the disintegration and drying rates are close to almost complete Decay or consumption of the per-connections run roughly in sync.
- the relative effect of the Per compounds - due to their almost constant concentration on the goods - changes during the whole actual pretreatment process practically not.
- the actual pretreatment process which can be followed by further drying of the goods, can be considered complete when the per-compounds have fulfilled their task.
- the amount of the per-compounds used can be such that the latter - with (initially) approximately constant concentration on the goods - are consumed to an absolutely imperceptible level at the end of the pretreatment process. Because of any residues of the Per compound, washing, e.g. before dyeing, not necessary. In the known, on the other hand, washing or neutralization had to be carried out because the concentration of per-compounds in the treatment liquor within the goods decreased continuously and - if an effect should be noticeable towards the end of the process - the per-compounds (initially) had to be supplied in excess.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out if moist-hot - not wet-hot - drying air is used.
- the drying air used according to the invention should only contain so much moisture that an approximate synchronization of the drying speed of the goods and the rate of disintegration of the per-compound used is achieved.
- drying air which fulfills these conditions is referred to as “moist and hot”.
- the pretreatment according to the invention is preferably to be carried out in an air dryer operated with circulating air, the “moist-hot” drying air of which is one Drying speed at increasing steam content, in particular of the order of about 30 vol.% Steam.
- This measure can vary considerably, for example by ⁇ 10% by volume.
- An atypically operated air dryer is therefore provided which is not operated - as usual - with the lowest possible water vapor content, but with a relatively high water vapor content in the circulating air.
- the water vapor content should be so low that permanent drying takes place during the treatment process and a residence time in the circulating air of 2 to 5 minutes is sufficient for drying if the temperature of the circulating air is in the order of 100 ° C and more.
- the aforementioned lower limit of the treatment time is defined by the time in which the proportion of Per compounds, e.g. Hydrogen peroxide, depending on the treatment temperature, has been consumed to a non-disturbing level or has chemically decayed.
- the upper limit of the duration of treatment is determined by the quality, especially the severity, of the treated goods. In the case of light goods, a total treatment time which is approximately equal to the consumption or disintegration time of the per compounds can suffice.
- the actual pretreatment is completed after the aforementioned minimum time. If further drying of the goods is not necessary, this pretreatment can be ended.
- cellulose ware loaded with a treatment liquor containing pretreatment agents (generally after immersion in the pretreatment bath) is continuously passed through the hot, humid drying air and is desized there by the action of the moist heat on the pretreatment agents - despite the moisture continuously drying the goods - boiled and bleached if necessary.
- All reactions aimed for in the pretreatment for the various types of pretreatment, if any, can be carried out simultaneously in the hot, humid drying air. It has proven to be advantageous if all the pretreatment agents are applied to the goods simultaneously in a single treatment agent bath.
- the cellulose ware can be fully prepared in the hot, humid drying air for continuous dyeing.
- the liquor containing the respective pretreatment agents can also be applied to the cellulose ware in several passes.
- a dwell section for example an air passage, in particular with a dwell time of a few tens of seconds, can be switched on between two foulards, for example for better wetting.
- the squeezing effect can be set so that the goods reach the air dryer with the usual residual moisture values.
- An advantageous device for carrying out the pretreatment method according to the invention comprises at least one treatment pad, an air dryer and washing and drying systems.
- an air dryer that is to say as a pretreatment unit, a chamber with goods inlet and outlet as well as with controllable exhaust air volume, controllable circulation fan and an adjustable steam injection can be provided.
- a climate measuring device connected to control means of the exhaust air volume and steam injectors is to be provided for regulating a predetermined steam content in the circulating air.
- drying chamber or the air dryer is also spoken of when two or more individual units of this type are connected in series, but which ultimately act like a single device.
- Operation according to the invention in the air defined as moist and hot can be referred to as "steam drying". This steam drying is carried out according to a preferred solution in a so-called hot flue.
- the basis of the method of pretreating cellulose ware according to the invention is that the goods, after being loaded with the respective treatment liquor, preferably in a foulard, for a few minutes, for example 2 to 3 minutes 110 ° to 150 ° C (depending on the weight of the goods) and with an order of magnitude of 30 vol.% Steam content in the dryer air (with continuous further transport). This is sufficient for a complete pre-treatment of cellulose goods. Because of this relatively low water content, a pressure vessel is not necessary, so that work can always be carried out continuously.
- the reactive color fixing device described in WO 97/14839 mentioned above can essentially be used to carry out the pretreatment process according to the invention.
- the known reactive dyeing device as a pretreatment device.
- This solution is extremely remarkable in that the numerous pre-treatment systems known between foulard and washing machine, some of which work discontinuously, are replaced by a single machine type, the air dryer. Thereby - temperature-related - much faster than ever known and consistently work continuously.
- the amount of the per-compounds used acts practically up to the last moment of the actual pretreatment with (in relation to the goods) absolutely almost unchanged reaction rate. Neutralizing agents (against the Per compounds) are not required.
- a process for applying the treatment agents in the reactive dyeing and color fixing of cellulose goods in which the goods are desized and boiled before the color fixing and optionally bleached - briefly pretreated - in that the goods coming from the pretreatment are impregnated with reactive dye liquor and unwashed the dye is then fixed.
- This part of the invention can - to distinguish it from the first part, the "pretreatment part" - be referred to as a "color part".
- the pretreatment part according to the invention and the color part according to the invention are used in a system with continuous goods pass combined.
- the paint section can be placed between the air dryer and the washing system of the pre-treatment section.
- independent use can also be advantageous within the scope of the invention.
- the goods can be washed after the pretreatment part and possibly dried and further processed or treated in any (known) way.
- the color part of the invention can also be connected to any conventional pretreatment system and make use of the alkali which has remained before, provided that there are no annoying per-residues (in the goods to be colored).
- the chemical substances supplied for the pretreatment in particular alkali, which are still present in the goods when they leave the pretreatment system, are used for the reaction mechanism in reactive dye fixing.
- the substances and excess treatment agent detached from the goods in the pretreatment part of the invention can remain on the goods and - insofar as they are not used during color fixing - can only be washed out after the color fixing process has ended.
- the goods coming from the pretreatment, as they are, are to be passed continuously and immediately into the reactive dye liquor, if appropriate also undried.
- the liquor carried by the pretreatment in the goods may no longer contain any per-quantities that damage the dyes.
- the essence of the color part of the solution according to the invention is that the chemical substances already applied for or during the pretreatment - apart from the per-compounds - are not only used for the physicochemical process during the pretreatment, but a second time during color fixing of the reactive dye used.
- the (pretreated and unwashed) goods already contain the alkali required for the chemical process of color fixing in the device according to the aforementioned WO 97/14839 when they come into contact with the reactive dye liquor, etc. action in the goods have been diluted, but even a weak alkali is sufficient for the color fixing process.
- the wash cycle following the reactive dye fixing usually with subsequent drying
- the excess treatment agent and reaction products such as dirt - including remaining alkali amounts - are separated from both the pretreatment and the dyeing.
- the amounts of alkali or the like used in the pretreatment part of the invention also have an effect on fixing the color, the amount of chemical auxiliaries to be added to the respective dye liquor is considerably reduced. Because of this double function, the amount of alkali etc. polluting the wastewater is considerably reduced.
- the color part of the invention has an additional advantage: if not only the laundry that conventionally follows the pretreatment but also the drying can be dispensed with, the corresponding investment in energy and energy is saved. A common washing and drying system is then assigned to the pre-treatment and dyeing. Surprisingly, there is also the advantage of reduced amounts of alkali and reduced wastewater pollution, as well as the advantage of reduced plant expenditure (a complete washing and drying plant is no longer required) and the correspondingly reduced energy expenditure.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall pretreatment system according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a modification of the system of Fig. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a pretreatment plant with a continuous dyeing plant.
- a system according to the invention for pretreating cellulose goods e.g. terry goods
- the web-shaped cellulose ware 5 to be treated in each case is intended to continuously run through the aforementioned units 1 to 4 in the transport direction 6.
- the goods 5 are immersed in the foulard 1 in a pretreatment liquor 7 which is customary for desizing, boiling or bleaching and is located in the liquor trough 8. From the fleet 7, the goods 5 reach the hot flue 2 via a squeezer 9. There, with the help of known measures, such as those specified in WO 97/14839, care is taken to ensure that, after leaving the squeezer, the Residual moisture-loaded goods 5 from the goods inlet 10 to the goods outlet 11 of the chamber 12 of the hot flue are kept so "moist-hot" that the goods system and the applied pretreatment liquor on the other hand remain reactive for the desizing, boiling and bleaching task, that is - during the actual pretreatment - the drying speed of the goods is approximately equal to the disintegration speed of the per-compounds.
- Fig. 1 in principle, it can be advantageous to carry out the method according to the invention to equip the chamber 12 of the air dryer 2 with a controllable suction channel 14 and with controllable steam injectors 15, and in the chamber on the control means of the suction channel 14 (for the exhaust air volume) and steam injectors 15 switched climate measuring device 16. In this way, a predetermined minimum steam content of the hot and hot circulating air can be regulated.
- FIG. 3 A web-shaped cellulose ware 22 which is moved in the transport direction 21 is passed through a pretreatment agent application device symbolized as a foulard 23 with subsequent squeeze 24.
- This device like the pretreatment part according to the invention, e.g. 1 or 2, but also in a conventional manner and then consist of one or more stages for applying the respective pretreatment agent 25 to the goods 22.
- pretreatment agents which contain alkali, in particular in the form of sodium hydroxide or the like alkali compound.
- An alkali additive is usually required for the physico-chemical system of pretreatment.
- the goods 22 loaded in the foulard 23 in the manner described arrive in a pretreatment system 26 according to the invention which is configured in one or more stages, but preferably in one.
- the product 22 which has been pretreated in the system 26 or the like system is fed into a paint application device which is symbolized in the drawing as a padder 27 with a dye liquor 28 and a subsequent squeezer 29.
- the dyeing liquor 28 should contain reactive dye (and, if appropriate, wetting agent) in the color part of the process according to the invention.
- New alkali is not necessary.
- the alkali required for the reaction in the downstream color fixing system 30 (possibly finally, other chemical aids), the goods 22 should already be brought back from the pretreatment system 26 as a (conventionally washable) reaction residue. Remains of per connections should no longer be present in the goods.
- the goods 22 leave the second foulard 27 via the squeezer 29 in the direction of the dye fixing system 30, they are loaded with the reactive dye liquor (metered) in addition to the substances which have remained from the pretreatment or which have arisen thereby.
- the color is fixed accordingly using the alkali used previously (during the pretreatment) etc.
- the goods 22 cleaned in the washing system 31 can finally run through a dryer 32 and then be fed or stored for further processing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843047 | 1998-09-19 | ||
DE19843047 | 1998-09-19 | ||
DE19843046 | 1998-09-19 | ||
DE19843046 | 1998-09-19 | ||
PCT/DE1999/002903 WO2000017437A1 (de) | 1998-09-19 | 1999-09-09 | Verfahren zur vorbehandlung und zum reaktivfärben von celluloseware |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1112403A1 true EP1112403A1 (de) | 2001-07-04 |
EP1112403B1 EP1112403B1 (de) | 2005-12-28 |
Family
ID=26048958
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99955683A Expired - Lifetime EP1112403B1 (de) | 1998-09-19 | 1999-09-09 | Verfahren zur vorbehandlung und zum reaktivfärben von celluloseware |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6582478B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1112403B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE314516T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19942963A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000017437A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10303328B4 (de) * | 2003-01-28 | 2007-04-26 | A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co.Kg | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen enzymatischen Entschlichten |
WO2011095944A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-11 | Delta Galil Industries Ltd. | Laundry-resistant sock, and system and method for producing such sock |
CN106521923B (zh) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-12-04 | 江苏联发纺织股份有限公司 | 一种tblc活化过氧化氢体系棉织物轧蒸漂白方法 |
CN106381679B (zh) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-02-01 | 江南大学 | 一种基于tblc活化过氧化氢体系的织物轧蒸漂白方法 |
CN109402921B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-08-03 | 诸暨信顺机电科技有限公司 | 一种布匹纺织用印染设备 |
DE102019116681A1 (de) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Behandeln einer flächigen Textilie, nämlich einer flächigen Fadenschar ggf. und einer Warenbahn |
CN110965240A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-07 | 福建福能南纺新材料有限公司 | 一种薄型干法革基布浅色品种一步法染色生产线及工艺 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2627517B1 (fr) * | 1988-02-24 | 1990-10-12 | Sandoz Sa | Procede de blanchiment des matieres textiles avec destruction enzymatique de l'exces de peroxyde |
DE3906769A1 (de) | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-06 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum faerben von textilen materialien aus cellulosefasern im anschluss an eine peroxidbleiche |
JP3165475B2 (ja) | 1991-09-04 | 2001-05-14 | 化薬アクゾ株式会社 | 繊維の漂白染色法 |
FR2694310B1 (fr) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-09-30 | Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq | Perfectionnement au procédé de teinture par des colorants réactifs avec blanchiment préalable. |
US5885305A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-03-23 | A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co. | Device for fixing dye in reactive dyeing |
-
1999
- 1999-09-09 AT AT99955683T patent/ATE314516T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-09 EP EP99955683A patent/EP1112403B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-09 US US09/787,563 patent/US6582478B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-09 WO PCT/DE1999/002903 patent/WO2000017437A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-09 DE DE19942963A patent/DE19942963A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-09 DE DE59912990T patent/DE59912990D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0017437A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6582478B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
ATE314516T1 (de) | 2006-01-15 |
EP1112403B1 (de) | 2005-12-28 |
WO2000017437A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
DE19942963A1 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
DE59912990D1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
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