EP1092837B1 - Dispositif de protection contre l'incendie pour un tunnel - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre l'incendie pour un tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1092837B1
EP1092837B1 EP00121840A EP00121840A EP1092837B1 EP 1092837 B1 EP1092837 B1 EP 1092837B1 EP 00121840 A EP00121840 A EP 00121840A EP 00121840 A EP00121840 A EP 00121840A EP 1092837 B1 EP1092837 B1 EP 1092837B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire protection
wall
fire
protection device
tunnel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00121840A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1092837A3 (fr
EP1092837A2 (fr
EP1092837A9 (fr
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Liederer
Jürgen Dr. Rauch
Hermann Pedit
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Liederer and Partner GmbH
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Liederer and Partner GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE1999148885 external-priority patent/DE19948885A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2000110185 external-priority patent/DE10010185A1/de
Application filed by Liederer and Partner GmbH filed Critical Liederer and Partner GmbH
Publication of EP1092837A2 publication Critical patent/EP1092837A2/fr
Publication of EP1092837A3 publication Critical patent/EP1092837A3/fr
Publication of EP1092837A9 publication Critical patent/EP1092837A9/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire protection device for accessible and / or passable cavities, in particular Tunnels, with a protective wall that protrudes from the wall of the Cavity is spaced apart, the protective wall a protector from has high thermal conductivity, and a Fire protection wall and one made of fire protection wall modules existing fire protection wall.
  • the accessible and / or passable cavities can be in provided above ground or in underground structures in which there is a potential fire risk and the must be protected against the effects of fire.
  • a walkable and / or passable Cavity-forming structure as an example below Referred to as tunnels without this
  • the fire protection device according to the invention can also in underpasses, high or underground garages, factory buildings or other structures that can be walked on or driven over by people be applied.
  • a generic fire protection device is from the DE 37 31 124 C2 known.
  • the protective wall consists of there a self-supporting concrete shell, which on the to Interior facing surface with a ceramic covering is provided.
  • This protective wall is attached using steel anchors attached to the tunnel wall, using a fire protection mat and a ceramic fiber mat as an insulating layer between the Tunnel wall and the protective wall are arranged.
  • This Construction of a fire protection device for tunnel walls is both in terms of cost and weight very complex.
  • Fire protection walls for generic Fire protection devices and from these fire protection walls Fire protection walls formed serve as building parts, such as for example walls, load-bearing parts, steel sheet piling, Cable ducts or pipe ducts, in front of immediate Protect from flame and heat.
  • Fire protection walls and fire protection walls exist for example in tunnel construction or in the construction of underpasses, High or underground garages, factory buildings or other from People walkable or passable structures in which the There is a risk that a fire in the building will damage the walls or load-bearing parts etc. of the structure due to heat damaged, so that the statics of the building immediately endangered is.
  • the object of the present invention is a Specify generic fire protection device that the Risk of damaging the wall of the cavity or the tunnel due to the effects of temperature in high-energy fires in the cavity or in Tunnels minimized and at the same time the available ones standing escape time for in the cavity or in the tunnel located people maximized.
  • This construction and arrangement of the protective wall leads that a large part of those caused by the fire Heat radiation reflected from the high temperature resistant material is, so that the protectors are heated by the Thermal radiation is reduced. Furthermore, they lead well heat-conducting protectors which are punctual due to the fire occurring heat from the side, so that the selective on the Fire protection device acting on a larger heat Area of the fire protection device is distributed. Though the one behind the fire protection device heats up Wall of the cavity or tunnel also, yet occur due to heat dissipation within the Fire protection device and due to the by the Rear ventilation did not allow high air convection Temperature peaks in the wall of the cavity.
  • the high-temperature-resistant material is preferably a ceramic material, which is preferably fiber-reinforced, the protectors being formed from this material. This creates protectors that can be manufactured in one piece and have high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance as well as high surface hardness.
  • the ceramic material can have, for example, silicon caride (SiC), boron nitride (BN), boron carbide (B 4 C) or tungsten carbide (WC).
  • the fiber reinforcement can have carbon fibers, glass fibers or fibers made from polymeric halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the protectors Have carrier body made of metal and at least on one side are provided with a high temperature resistant material, the Melting point of the high temperature resistant material is higher than that of the metal of the metal carrier body of the associated Protectors and where the protectors at least on that of surface facing away from the wall of the cavity with the high temperature resistant material are provided.
  • This Fire protection device is simple and also inexpensive to manufacture and easily in existing tunnels mountable.
  • the high temperature resistant material forms one of the become chewy, not flowing and not hot volatilizing layer that is well above the melting point of the Carrier material and beyond its own melting point a liquefaction or scaling of the carrier material prevented.
  • the high-temperature resistant material is preferably enamel.
  • This enamel surface causes the enamel coating load-bearing metal, for example steel, at high Fire temperatures are not scaled.
  • Steel enamel is through that Enameling is a composite material with high resistance to glowing means that the enamelled steel sheet even at extremely high Temperatures above the annealing temperature or the Melting temperature of the steel sheet, does not glow or melts.
  • the enamel thickness preferably not 500 ⁇ m exceeds.
  • the metal carrier material can be completely enamelled which then made the aforementioned high temperature resistant layer Email is additionally applied.
  • Another advantage of The use of enamelled metal plates is the easy cleaning of the protective wall, which at the same time the Inner wall of the tunnel or cavity forms. Another advantage is that the enamel surface does not charge statically.
  • the high temperature resistant material can also advantageously Be ceramic.
  • the protectors have plate-like shape.
  • Such plate-shaped structure of the protective wall enables the simple construction and at the same time fast and inexpensive retrofit option for existing tunnels or cavities.
  • Such a retrofit plate-shaped protectors can even be found in a tunnel be carried out if the traffic in it for example continues to flow on one side or with insignificant reduction.
  • This thermally conductive lining of the joints improves the Heat dissipation within the protective wall and thus ensures for a further improved heat distribution an area of the protective wall acting on one larger area of the protective wall.
  • the thermally conductive Joint material is preferably lead, but it can also Be rock wool.
  • the melting ones Seals only in the area of the upper protectors, i.e. in the Area of the tunnel ridge are provided, since there the Flue gases are to be extracted, while in the rest of the area Protective wall, non-melting seals are provided, to achieve maximum heat dissipation there.
  • the Space between the protective wall and the wall of the Cavity formed a ventilation duct or a room for Ventilation ducts provided.
  • a ventilation duct can in the normal operating state of the cavity respectively Tunnels for the supply of fresh air into the cavity or tunnel, while in case of fire through the Ventilation duct the fire gases are extracted.
  • the ventilation duct in normal operating condition also as Cooling air duct serve to cool the protective wall, because especially in very deep mountains Traffic tunnels ambient temperatures up to 55 ° C can rule.
  • the back of the protective wall that is the side facing the wall of the cavity, with a Thermal insulation should be provided during normal operation of the tunnel the mountain range surrounding the tunnel Temperature from the protective wall and thus the Cooling load of bulkhead cooling is reduced, and that in Fire additional insulation for the rear of the Protective wall located wall of the tunnel and this before high local temperature peaks.
  • the thermal insulation can preferably be on the inside the tunnel wall made of reinforced concrete should be attached, so that in this way the back of the protective wall in Fire trap or to achieve a desired Temperature effects inside the tunnel either through Forced convection or by thermal convection undergoes immediate cooling so that the remaining by further radiation onto the tunnel wall (e.g. from Reinforced concrete) transferred heat, which by the No more convection on the back of the protective wall can be removed, not to damage the concrete wall leads.
  • Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete
  • Some of the protectors of the protective wall can be made from the Protective wall forming composite to form an opening in the protective wall can be at least partially removable.
  • This design of the protective wall enables that at heating the protectors to a predeterminable Tripping temperature, for example to 400 ° C, a local Opening in the protective wall is created, which is a suction of the Fire gases through one connected to the opening Ventilation duct allowed.
  • the joints can preferably remain closed between the protectors.
  • the detachment the protectors can be triggered thermally Locks under gravity and / or spring force respectively.
  • a protector can be used as a flap, for example be formed, the hinge-like at its one edge neighboring protector is articulated and at least another edge by means of heat melting or otherwise (e.g.
  • a release effecting bracket is secured.
  • the fire protection device ensures that only in the area of the fire an opening in the protective wall for the extraction of the fire gases is formed. All others provided in the fire protection device too opening protectors or ventilation flaps remain closed so that no fumes in others Tunnel sections are sucked and the suction power of the Fans are preserved over the length of the tunnel.
  • the melting or triggering by thermal action Locking the flap also ensures a secure and reliable operation since no electrical or electronic controls must be provided in in the event of a fire.
  • a storage container for extinguishing agent that automatically under the influence of heat to release the extinguishing agent from the detached Protector formed opening in the cavity opens.
  • a such automatic extinguishing device allows that automatic application of extinguishing agents, for example Fire extinguishing powder, directly on the source of the fire.
  • the extinguishing agent for example in a plastic hose stored behind the detachable metal projector is appropriate. After removing the protector from the The plastic hose melts under the protective wall Exposure to heat and the fire extinguishing powder falls on the Source of fire down.
  • the storage container for extinguishing agent can also be connected to a pressure source in the event of fire optionally triggered thermally and the Applies extinguishing agent under pressure to the source of the fire.
  • a preferred fire protection wall for a generic one Fire protection device has an at least two-shell Building from a source of fire or potential source of fire facing front shell and one from the source of the fire or potential fire source facing away from the rear shell, whereby the front shell and the rear shell spaced apart are arranged and form an air space between them, and whereby at least the front shell on the the source of the fire or potential area of fire facing the area high temperature resistant material is provided.
  • the front shell ensures for keeping the flames out, and the one in the airspace Air provides effective heat dissipation from that Area of the front shell on which the flames immediately act so that the back shell only on one Temperature warmed significantly below the temperature of the Front shell in the same area of the fire protection wall lies.
  • the fact that the area facing the source of the fire Front shell with a high temperature resistant material is the carrier body of the front shell itself, for example one with the high temperature resistant material provided steel sheet, protected from the flames, so that for example, scaling of the steel sheet immediate exposure to flame is avoided.
  • the rear shell is preferably also on it Front shell facing area with a provided high temperature resistant material, which also the Back shell from damage caused by temperature, for example in the case of long-lasting fires.
  • the high temperature resistant material is preferably enamel.
  • E-mail has a very high fire resistance and will also Temperatures well over 1,000 ° C like this for example in the case of vehicle fires, not or only in one that does not significantly restrict its effect Dimensions damaged.
  • the Front is, by definition, usually that Movement space in the building, e.g. the driving or Facing street space in a tunnel, i.e. then one too possible fire usually facing.
  • This structure of the Enamel protects the base metal of the front shell or the rear shell and avoids, for example its corrosion, the ceiling enamelling for a ensures particularly high fire resistance.
  • the application of the Enamel layer (s) prevents the steel itself from failing at temperatures, the annealing and melting temperatures represent, it also prevents scaling.
  • the front shell and the rear shell are over in the airspace spacers to a "Air sandwich" construction linked together.
  • This Sandwich construction enables an industrial or semi-industrial manufacturing, so that on the site itself the prefabricated sandwich modules just attached and need to be connected.
  • thermally insulating material is provided for the rear shell. This can alternatively or in addition to that thermally insulating material between the spacers and the Front shell can be provided and improves the thermal Decoupling of the rear shell from the front shell. Is this thermal insulating material only between the Spacers and the rear shell provided, so the Spacer also as a heat sink for the front shell be used.
  • the spacer itself can also be made of thermal insulating material or such a material exhibit.
  • the air sandwich construction is in a lower section with air inlet openings and in an upper section with Provide air outlet openings for the air space, so an air exchange takes place within the airspace, resulting in better heat dissipation from the back of the Front shell due to the then improved thermal Convection occurs.
  • This fire protection wall enables the both immediate from a fire Flame and heat from behind the Keep fire protection walls away from building parts.
  • the air inlet openings are preferably in a lower one Area of the rear shell formed so that from the Colder air can be drawn in from the rear of the rear shell and not the hot air from the fire room into the air space between the front shell and the rear shell.
  • the Air sandwiches can be coupled so that the Shell intermediate areas (air spaces) also laterally through Airspace connections are in fluid communication with each other, so that especially in the area of a large fire from the Pages, i.e. e.g. in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel air can flow to more distant areas, which is used for cooling contributes to the fire protection wall.
  • These connections the Airspaces preferably exist among each other, but that Air spaces are preferably not related to the possible Fire area or fire area in fluid communication.
  • the air outlet openings are preferably in an upper one Area of the rear shell so that the im Air that rises, warmed air does not enter the Fire room but in the behind the fire protection wall located room exits and from there over an existing Tunnel ventilation system is discharged.
  • a fire protection wall is preferably made of the invention Fire protection wall modules formed.
  • Such one modular construction of a complete fire protection wall permitted the industrial or semi-industrial prefabrication of the sandwich-like fire protection wall modules that this way prefabricated transported to the construction site and there can be assembled on site to form the fire protection wall.
  • the Fire protection wall modules connected so that the Air spaces of the individual fire protection wall modules are in fluid communication with each other.
  • This fluid connection can be done both horizontally and vertically Direction exist between individual modules, so that a brisk air exchange within neighboring air spaces Fire protection wall modules can take place, whereby the convection-related heat removal from the air space and from the back of the front shell is improved.
  • a structure is preferred in which vertically one above the other arranged fire protection wall modules a vertical Air flow within them in fluid communication allow standing airspaces.
  • Fig. 1a is a vertical section through a tunnel profile one with a fire protection device 1 according to the invention equipped tunnels 2 shown.
  • Tunnel 2 is as Road tunnel with a carriageway 3 and with a tunnel wall 4 educated.
  • Inside the tunnel 2 there is a cavity 5 formed, which is accessible by vehicles 30 Determines the interior of the tunnel and the Street space, lane space or lane space is called.
  • the tunnel can also be designed as a train tunnel.
  • the fire protection device 1 comprises one from the inside the tunnel wall 4 spaced protective wall 6. Between the Tunnel wall 4 and protective wall 6 is an intermediate space 7 formed by the protective wall 6 from the cavity or Tunnel interior 5 is essentially hermetically separated.
  • the protective wall 6 is only in FIGS. 1a and 1b schematically illustrated, heat-resistant brackets 8 the tunnel wall 4 anchored.
  • the brackets 8 are resistant to high temperatures and designed as thermal insulators, so no heat from the brackets from the Protective wall 6 is passed into the tunnel wall 4.
  • Fig. 1b shows an alternative tunnel profile, in which the Protective wall 6 in the upper area essentially horizontally is formed, whereby a space 7 'in the upper tunnel area for ventilation ducts and other installations.
  • This figure also shows how one Insulation layer 9 on the back of the protective wall 6 may be appropriate.
  • Fig. 2 which is a view of Protective wall 6 in the direction of arrow II in Fig. 1a shows a section of the protective wall 6, the formed from a plurality of plate-like protectors 10 is.
  • These protectors 10 are tile-like to the protective wall 6 composed, the contour of the individual protectors 10 is such that it is the curvature of the tunnel wall 4th adapt, as can be seen in Fig. 1a.
  • the single ones Protectors 10 are attached by means of loosely attached safety ropes 11 the tunnel wall 4 secured so that the protectors 10 at a fire-related dissolution of the protective wall 6 does not occur the road 3 can fall down.
  • the joint material 13 is either lead or another sealing and good heat-conducting material, such as for example rock wool. Will lead as a grout used, this can be an advantage because in the event of a fire the lead melts out of the joints and so in the fire area exposes the joints as vents through the smoke from the tunnel interior 5 into the space 7 between the Protective wall 6 and the tunnel wall 4 can be suctioned off if the space 7 after a fire occurs Reversal of this space 7 in normal operation Fresh air feeding blower placed under negative pressure becomes.
  • the protectors 10 are enamelled on all sides and additionally on their facing away from the tunnel wall 4 Surface, that is, on the surface that corresponds to the Tunnel interior 5 is facing, with a layer 10C a high temperature resistant material 10B, for example Email, provided, as below in connection with the Fig. 5 is explained.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the structure the protective wall 6 ', in which the edges of the individual plate-like protectors 10 'are not butted against each other but rather overlap each other slightly.
  • the Joint material 13 ' is in this case between the Tunnel interior 5 facing the front of the upper Protector and the back of the tunnel wall 4 facing the underlying protector in the overlap area arranged sealingly. Because of this scale-like overlap of the individual superimposed protectors is from the mountain dripping or flowing water on the side of the Protective wall 6 'derived so that it is not through Leaks in the longitudinal joint area in the tunnel interior 5 can occur. Also in the area of those not shown in FIG. 4 Transverse joints 14 a similar overlap can be provided, the entry of mountain water into the tunnel interior 5 prevented by the transverse joints 14.
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a protector 10 according to section V in FIG. 3.
  • the protector 10 comprises a carrier body 10A made of a load-bearing and good heat-conducting metal, for example made of sheet steel, the thickness d A of which is approximately 1.5 to 2 mm ,
  • the carrier body 10A On its side facing the tunnel interior or cavity 5, the carrier body 10A is provided with a high-temperature-resistant material 10B forming a refractory layer.
  • This high temperature resistant material 10B is preferably enamel.
  • the thickness d C of this refractory layer 10C made of, for example, enamel is up to 500 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 6 shows an additional equipment of the invention Fire protection device, namely a fire automatically opening exhaust flap 16 and one above arranged storage container 18 for fire extinguishing agent 20.
  • a hose-like reservoir 18 is laid, the Contains fire extinguishing agent 20.
  • This reservoir 18 has at least in its lower region 18 ' material that melts under the influence of heat, For example, from a plastic that is used in the usual Fire temperatures melt, so that the hose-like Storage container 18 at the fire site in its lower Area 18 'opens and the fire extinguishing agent 20 downwards can fall out.
  • a flap-like Protector 16 is provided in the protective wall 6, which in its Construction resembles the firmly anchored protectors 10, especially the refractory layer high temperature resistant material 10B at its the Tunnel interior or cavity 5 facing Surface.
  • This protector 16 is also means a loosely attached safety rope 17 on the tunnel wall 4 secured, thereby causing the protector 26 to fold down is allowed, but it is avoided that he is on the Lane 3 falls down.
  • the flap-like protector 16 is on one longitudinal edge with a hinge 22 on an adjacent protector 10 articulated so that it can pivot downwards like the broken line and arrow C in FIG. 6 demonstrate.
  • the flap-like protector is in normal operating condition 16 in the solid closed shown in Fig. 6 Position by means of a lock 24 on another adjacent protector 10 held.
  • the flap-like Protector 16 surrounding joints are not with lead closed but only contain one not with the adjacent protectors 10 or the flap-like protector 16 a mechanical connection incoming joint material. For example, the joints are blocked with rock wool 26, so that opening the flap-like protector 16 is possible.
  • the lock 24 can be exposed to heat (for Example open at a temperature of 300 ° C to 400 ° C), for example by providing a bimetal lock or by providing a section of melting Plastic. This enables the flap-like Protector 16 in the event of warming from a fire due to its own weight downwards automatically pivoted and thus a vent 28 in the Releases the ridge area of the protective wall 6 at the fire site.
  • this can result in the fire Flue gases from the tunnel interior 5 into the intermediate space 7 and be sucked out of this out of the tunnel and on the other hand it can go up from the source of the fire rising heat or upward heat Heat radiation directly onto the lower region 18 'of the reservoir 18 filled with fire extinguishing agent 20 act so that this lower region 18 'can melt and the fire extinguishing agent can fall onto the source of the fire.
  • Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a road tunnel along the line VII-VII in Fig. 1a, only one Tunnel section is shown.
  • tunnel 2 there is one Motor vehicle 30 caught fire and the vehicle occupants 32, 34 flee from the scene of the fire. Because of the vehicle fire emerging temperatures have been above the fire site located, formed by flap-like protectors 16, 16 ' Ventilation flaps opened and the combustion gases and the Fires that arise are caused by the smoke that is formed in this way Vents 28 in the space 7 and through sucked this out.
  • the in the space 7 above the flap-like protector 16 arranged tubular Storage hose or reservoir 18 for that Fire extinguishing agent 20 due to the heat generated during the fire opened and the fire extinguishing agent 20 falls through Vent and extinguishing opening 29 down on the burning Vehicle 30.
  • Due to the effects of fire temperature also some of the longitudinal and transverse joints 12 ', 14' in the upper one Area of the protective wall above the source of the fire Melt the joint material open, so that too through these open joints 12 ', 14' fire gases and smoke in the space 7 are suctioned off. In the area far from the fire the flap-like protectors 16 "and the joints remain tightly closed.
  • FIG. 8a is a vertical section through a tunnel profile one equipped with a fire protection device 100 Tunnels 2 shown an alternative embodiment of a Fire protection wall 106 according to the invention.
  • the fire protection device 100 includes one from the inside the tunnel wall 4 spaced double-shell fire protection wall 106. Between the tunnel wall 4 and the fire protection wall 106 an intermediate space 7 is formed which is formed by the Fire protection wall 106 from the cavity or tunnel interior 5 is separated.
  • the fire protection wall 106 is by means of in 8a, 8b and 8c only shown schematically, heat-resistant or heat-reducing brackets 8 anchored to the tunnel wall 4.
  • the brackets 8 are also in this embodiment high temperature resistant and as thermal insulators designed so that no heat through the brackets from the fire protection wall 106 in the Tunnel wall 4 is passed or at least the introduction of heat occurs with great delay and greatly reduced.
  • the fire protection wall 106 is essentially horizontal formed, whereby there, as can be seen in Fig. 8b, a Space for a supply air duct 7 "and an exhaust air duct 7 '' ' as well as for other installations.
  • the fire protection wall 106 is also in the example of FIG. 8c horizontally trained. There are room chambers 7 ", 7" 'for Supply air and exhaust air are formed by a reinforced concrete false ceiling and separated from the route area (route area). In this The case is the horizontal fire protection wall 106 or wall modules also protect them due to their reduced thickness in the event of fire, they may be particularly at risk of collapse Concrete structure.
  • Fig. 9 is a section of a vertically cut Fire protection wall 106 according to the invention shown.
  • the double-shell fire protection wall consists of a to Tunnel interior, where a possible fire may occur, facing front shell 60 and a spaced from it, to the tunnel wall 4 facing rear shell 62. Between the Front shell 60 and rear shell 62 is an air space 64 educated.
  • the distance between the front shell and the The rear shell is, for example, between 1 cm and 5 cm; in a test example, a distance of 3 cm was chosen.
  • the rear shell 62 is somewhat in its lower section 70 shorter than the front shell 60 and not enough like this to the floor below, so that on this A preferably continuous air inlet opening 72 is formed by the cooler air coming from the supply air duct 7 "also flows into the intermediate space 7, from the intermediate space 7 can enter the air space 64 from below.
  • her top Section 74 preferably has the rear shell 62 continuous or several individual air outlet openings 76 on which is an escape of airspace 64 warmed and ascended air from airspace 64 enable.
  • the air outlet openings 76 are, as in FIG. 8b, preferably via connecting channels 76 'to the Exhaust air duct or the exhaust air chamber 7 '' 'of the tunnel connected.
  • the front shell 60 and the rear shell 62 are shown in FIG Example using spacer 66 for a sandwich construction summarized.
  • 9 is an exemplary structure of a such spacer shown, between the Back of the front shell 60 and the spacer 66 a Layer of thermal insulating material 65 is introduced.
  • a similar layer of thermally insulating material 67 is between the spacer 66 and the front of the Rear shell 62 arranged.
  • For attachment is the Spacer 66 with the front shell 60 and the rear shell 62 connected by rivets 61, 63.
  • Riveting is just one example of a fastening. Here can of course all other known mechanical fastening types such as screws or glue are used.
  • the spacer 66 consists of in the example shown a metal profile that corresponds to the desired curvature the fire protection wall or the tunnel profile bent and the ventilation and air flow technology required or optimal distance between the front and the rear shell is adapted.
  • a horizontal one Cross section of the fire protection wall is shown in Fig. 10 and will be discussed further below in connection with this figure described.
  • the front shell 60 is designed as a protector 10, which has a carrier body 10A made of a load-bearing and good heat-conducting metal, for example made of sheet steel, the thickness d A of which is in a range from preferably 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.
  • the structure of the front shell 60 corresponds in principle to the structure shown in FIG. 3.
  • the carrier body 10A On the front side facing the tunnel interior or cavity 5, that is to say on the side facing a potential fire, the carrier body 10A is provided with a high-temperature-resistant material 10B forming a refractory layer.
  • This high temperature resistant material 10B is preferably enamel.
  • the thickness d C of this refractory layer 10C made of, for example, enamel is preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
  • Both the front side and the rear side of the carrier body 10A can be provided with a base enamelling, to which a top enamelling is then applied on the front side.
  • the rear shell 62 can also be constructed in the same way. However, the rear shell can also be made of stainless steel or of non-enamelled, rust-treated but extremely heat-resistant metal.
  • the spacer 66 is a hat profile-like vertical support trained, the two lateral legs with the Rear shell 62 are connected by rivets 63, wherein between the side legs of the hat profile-like carrier 66 and the rear shell 62 a layer 67 made of thermal insulating material is introduced.
  • the middle section the hat profile 66 also with the inclusion of a layer 65 made of thermally insulating material, with the front shell 60 connected by rivets 61.
  • hat profile 66 Inside the hat profile 66 is a vertical direction extending air space 64 'is formed in which also air flow directed from bottom to top for convective Dissipation of the heat introduced from outside can arise. Openings 66 'in the side faces of the hat profile-like Spacers 66 enable lateral air exchange between the air space 64 between the front shell 60 and the Rear shell 62 and the air space 64 'within the Hat profile.
  • the arrangement of the hat profile between the front shell 60 and the rear shell 62 is in the form shown in FIG. 10 only by way of example; it is also possible that Hat profile is installed in reverse, that is, the lateral free leg of the hat profile-like Spacer 66 with the front shell 60 and the Middle section of the hat profile-like spacer with the Rear shell 62 is connected.
  • Fig. 11 shows a longitudinal section through a section of a Road tunnels in the direction of arrow XI in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c.
  • a motor vehicle 30 is on fire come and the vehicle occupants 32, 34 flee from Fire scene. Due to the temperature that arises during a vehicle fire have located above the fire site, of foldable Vent flaps formed from fire protection wall elements opened and the combustion gases as well as the resulting from the fire Smoke becomes through the ventilation openings 28 thus formed in the space 7 "and sucked out through this.
  • Fig. 11 it can also be seen that the entire Fire protection wall made of vertical, sheet-like Fire protection wall modules 110 is formed, which together are connected and each have at least one protector plate exhibit.
  • Such fire protection wall modules 110 can be used in an exemplary embodiment, a width of 1.2 m and have a height of, for example, 4 m or 5 m.
  • the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct are in the figures only shown as an example and schematically. Any supply air or Exhaust air routing is said to have convection effect in the Air gaps 64, 7 between the front shell 60 and the Rear shell 62 and behind the rear shell 62 and the Do not hinder convection from these spaces or short-circuit.
  • Fig. 12 shows a third embodiment of the Fire protection device according to the invention, the Fire protection device here later in a tunnel free-standing and statically independent and independent of the Tunnel wall 4 is used.
  • the protective wall 206 of the Fire protection device 200 is like the embodiment according to 8a, two-shell design with a front shell 260 and a rear shell 262, one between them Form airspace 264. In the area of the rear shell 262 Protective wall 206 on a static independence effecting substructure 280 attached.
  • the Substructure 280 includes left and right vertical supports 282 as well as a left and a right vertical support 282 connecting ridge arches 284.
  • the vertical supports 282 and the ridge arches 284 are over thermally insulating elements attached to the protective wall 206.
  • the vertical supports 282 are anchored on or in the tunnel floor 3 '.
  • This design with free-standing fire protection wall has the advantage that the fire protection wall is not on the Tunnel wall must be anchored, at most only to some few uncritical points on the tunnel wall can.
  • This embodiment is particularly useful when old tunnels with an inventive Fire protection device should be retrofitted and if the tunnel wall may or may not be attacked can be attacked in very few places.
  • Such tunnel walls are brick walls in old tunnels as well Steel sheet piles from underwater tunnels that are not drilled be allowed and not with welded bolts may be provided to damage the sheet steel wall and thus to prevent water from entering.
  • the invention is not based on the above embodiment limited, which is only the general explanation of the Core idea of the invention serves. As part of the Rather, the scope of the device according to the invention can also other than the embodiments described above accept.
  • the device can, in particular, have features have a combination of the respective Represent individual features of the claims.

Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie (1) pour des cavités (5) accessibles à des personnes et/ou à des véhicules, en particulier pour des tunnels, comprenant une paroi de protection (6, 106) agencée à distance du mur (4) de la cavité (5),
    caractérisé en ce que :
    la paroi de protection (6, 106) comprend des protecteurs (10, 16, 16') qui contiennent un corps porteur (10A) en métal, lequel est doté au moins sur un côté d'un matériau (10B) résistant à haute température, et
    la paroi de protection (6, 106) est agencée à distance du mur (4) de la cavité (5) en formant un espace intermédiaire (7),
    ladite paroi de protection (6, 106) est ancrée au mur (4) de la cavité (5) au moyen de supports (8) résistants à haute température, qui empêchent un apport de chaleur dans le mur (4), ou qui tout au moins retardent fortement et réduisent fortement un tel apport.
  2. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le point de fusion du matériau (10B) résistant à haute température est supérieur à celui du métal du corps porteur métallique (10A) du protecteur associé (10, 16, 16'), et en ce que les protecteurs (10, 16, 16') sont pourvus du matériau (10B) résistant à haute température, au moins sur la surface détournée du mur (4) de la cavité (5).
  3. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau résistant à haute température (10B) comporte une couche (10C) réfractaire en émail ou en matériau céramique.
  4. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des composants réfléchissants et/ou auto-luminescents ou post-luminescents sont intégrés dans la couche (10C) en émail.
  5. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau résistant à haute température est un matériau céramique de préférence renforcé par des fibres.
  6. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de protection (6, 106) est dotée d'une couche de matériau isolant (9) sur son côté détourné de la cavité (5) pour assurer une isolation thermique.
  7. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de protection (6, 106) reçoit une aération postérieure sur ses côtés tournés vers le mur (4) de la cavité (5).
  8. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les protecteurs (10, 16, 16') présentent une structure composée par au moins deux coques, formées par une coque antérieure (60) tournée vers un foyer d'incendie ou un foyer d'incendie potentiel, et par une coque postérieure (62) détournée du foyer d'incendie ou du foyer d'incendie potentiel, ladite coque antérieure (60) et ladite coque postérieure (62) étant agencées à distance l'une de l'autre et formant entre elles un intervalle d'air (64), ladite coque antérieure (60) au moins étant pourvue du matériau résistant à haute température (10B) sur sa surface (10C) tournée vers le foyer d'incendie ou le foyer d'incendie potentiel.
  9. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la coque postérieure (62) également est pourvue du matériau résistant à haute température sur sa surface tournée vers la coque antérieure (60).
  10. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la coque antérieure (60) et/ou la coque postérieure (62) est/sont pourvu(e)s d'une couche d'émail de base appliquée sur la face antérieure respective tournée vers le foyer d'incendie ou vers le foyer d'incendie potentiel et/ou sur la face postérieure, sur laquelle est appliquée une couche d'émail de couverture sur la face antérieure.
  11. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coque antérieure (60) et la coque postérieure (62) sont reliées l'une à l'autre pour former une construction sandwich incluant de l'air, au moyen d'entretoises (66) qui se trouvent dans l'intervalle d'air (64) et qui soit sont réalisées en un matériau thermiquement isolant soit contiennent un tel matériau, et en ce qu'un matériau thermiquement isolant (65) est de préférence prévu entre les entretoises (66) et la coque antérieure (60) et/ou entre les entretoises (66) et la coque postérieure (62).
  12. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la construction sandwich incluant de l'air est dotée d'ouvertures d'entrée d'air (72) dans un tronçon inférieur (70) et/ou d'ouvertures de sortie d'air (76) dans un tronçon supérieur (74) pour l'intervalle d'air, les ouvertures d'entrée d'air (72) étant réalisées de préférence dans une zone inférieure de la coque postérieure (62) et les ouvertures de sortie d'air (76) étant réalisées de préférence dans une zone supérieure de la coque postérieure (62).
  13. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les protecteurs (10, 16, 16') présentent une forme en plaque, et en ce que les protecteurs (10, 16, 16') en forme de plaque qui constituent la paroi de protection (6, 106) sont de préférence reliés les uns aux autres de manière thermoconductrice au niveau de leurs arêtes mutuellement voisines, au moyen d'un matériau de jointoiement thermoconducteur (13, 26), comme par exemple du plomb, qui remplit les jointures (12, 14) entre les protecteurs (10, 16).
  14. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'espace intermédiaire (7) entre la paroi de protection (6, 106) et le mur (4) de la cavité (5), il est formé un canal d'aération ou il est prévu un espace pour des canaux d'aération.
  15. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les protecteurs (10, 16, 16') sont réalisés sous forme de modules de paroi anti-incendie (110), lesdits modules de paroi anti-incendie (110) pouvant être de préférence reliés les uns aux autres de telle façon que les intervalles d'air (64) des modules de paroi anti-incendie (110) individuels communiquent les uns avec les autres vis-à-vis des fluides.
  16. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les coques antérieures respectives (60) de modules de paroi anti-incendie voisins sont susceptibles d'être reliées les unes aux autres de manière thermoconductrice et/ou en ce que les coques postérieures respectives (62) de modules de paroi anti-incendie voisins sont susceptible d'être reliées les unes aux autres de manière thermoconductrice.
  17. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les coques antérieures et les coques postérieures sont reliées les unes aux autres d'une manière non thermoconductrice.
  18. Dispositif de protection anti-incendie (1) pour des cavités (5) accessibles à des personnes et/ou à des véhicules, en particulier pour des tunnels, comprenant une paroi de protection (206) agencée à distance du mur (4) de la cavité (5), caractérisé en ce que :
    la paroi de protection (206) comprend des protecteurs (10, 16, 16'), qui contiennent un corps porteur (10A) en métal et qui sont dotés au moins sur un côté d'un matériau (10B) résistant à haute température, et
    la paroi de protection (206) est agencée à distance du mur (4) de la cavité (5) en formant un espace intermédiaire (7),
    ladite paroi de protection (206) est fixée sur une sous-structure (280) et forme ainsi une structure autonome sur le plan statique, susceptible d'être érigée de manière autoportante sans ancrage sur le mur (4) de la cavité (5).
EP00121840A 1999-10-11 2000-10-06 Dispositif de protection contre l'incendie pour un tunnel Expired - Lifetime EP1092837B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19948885 1999-10-11
DE19948855 1999-10-11
DE1999148885 DE19948885A1 (de) 1999-10-11 1999-10-11 Brandschutzvorrichtung
DE10010185 2000-03-02
DE2000110185 DE10010185A1 (de) 2000-03-02 2000-03-02 Brandschutzwandung und Brandschutzwand aus Brandschutzwandungs-Modulen

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1092837A2 EP1092837A2 (fr) 2001-04-18
EP1092837A3 EP1092837A3 (fr) 2001-04-25
EP1092837A9 EP1092837A9 (fr) 2001-06-27
EP1092837B1 true EP1092837B1 (fr) 2003-08-27

Family

ID=27664504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00121840A Expired - Lifetime EP1092837B1 (fr) 1999-10-11 2000-10-06 Dispositif de protection contre l'incendie pour un tunnel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1092837B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE248287T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50003430D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2206122T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101289472B1 (ko) 2013-03-06 2013-07-24 창전이앤시 주식회사 터널의 화재시 송풍기 유지 보호장치
CN110792451A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-02-14 江苏融鼎建筑科技有限公司 一种基于降热阻燃的多态型地铁隧道拱形壁

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602004013260T2 (de) * 2003-12-16 2009-06-25 Vid Aps System zur Rauchgasabfuhr in Tunneln
DE202005008250U1 (de) * 2005-05-23 2005-09-01 Xella Trockenbau-Systeme Gmbh Tunnelausbau
HRP20050537A2 (en) * 2005-06-13 2007-03-31 Planinc Robert System for placing preformed secondary lining for tunnels
DE102005048356B4 (de) * 2005-10-05 2008-01-10 Perrakis, Georgios Vorrichtung für Feuerschutzisolierungen
KR100942267B1 (ko) * 2009-09-24 2010-03-02 (주)홍지디씨에스 터널 풍도슬래브용 내화성능 피에스씨 패널, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 풍도슬래브 시공방법
CN112963773A (zh) * 2021-02-18 2021-06-15 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 隧道照明系统
CN113199824B (zh) * 2021-04-01 2023-04-18 杭州苏歌建筑科技有限公司 一种聚酯材料防火板及其制备方法

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DE1946984A1 (de) * 1969-09-17 1971-03-25 Buderus Ind Technik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur sicheren Ableitung von extrem hochtemperierten Abgasmengen aus Tunnelanlagen
DE3731124A1 (de) * 1987-08-06 1989-02-16 Buchtal Gmbh Brandschutzsystem fuer bauten, insbesondere fuer tunnelbauwandungen
US4898088A (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-02-06 Norman Lesser Totally fusible tunnel ventilation damper system
US5470178A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-28 Weholt; Raymond L. Insulating tunnel liner system
DE29601777U1 (de) * 1996-02-03 1996-08-14 Krause Rudolf Dr Ing Brandschutzdämmung in Tunneln und Bauwerken

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101289472B1 (ko) 2013-03-06 2013-07-24 창전이앤시 주식회사 터널의 화재시 송풍기 유지 보호장치
CN110792451A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-02-14 江苏融鼎建筑科技有限公司 一种基于降热阻燃的多态型地铁隧道拱形壁

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2206122T3 (es) 2004-05-16
EP1092837A3 (fr) 2001-04-25
EP1092837A2 (fr) 2001-04-18
EP1092837A9 (fr) 2001-06-27
DE50003430D1 (de) 2003-10-02
ATE248287T1 (de) 2003-09-15

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