EP1092837A2 - Brandschutzvorrichtung für Tunnels - Google Patents
Brandschutzvorrichtung für Tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1092837A2 EP1092837A2 EP00121840A EP00121840A EP1092837A2 EP 1092837 A2 EP1092837 A2 EP 1092837A2 EP 00121840 A EP00121840 A EP 00121840A EP 00121840 A EP00121840 A EP 00121840A EP 1092837 A2 EP1092837 A2 EP 1092837A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire protection
- fire
- wall
- tunnel
- protection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire protection device for accessible and / or passable cavities, in particular Tunnels, with a protective wall that protrudes from the wall of the Cavity is spaced apart, the protective wall a protector from has high thermal conductivity, and a Fire protection wall and one made of fire protection wall modules existing fire protection wall.
- the accessible and / or passable cavities can be in provided above ground or in underground structures be in which there is a potential fire risk and the must be protected against the effects of fire.
- a walkable and / or passable Cavity-forming structure below as an example Referred to as tunnels without this
- the fire protection device according to the invention can also in underpasses, high or underground garages, factories or other structures that can be walked on or driven over by people be applied.
- fires from vehicles in particular Transport vehicles high energies are released, for example, this is 5 MW for a passenger car, for a truck between 20 MW and 30 MW, and at a dangerous goods transport of 100 MW or more.
- a fire Passenger cars are built over a period of 30 to 35 Minutes temperatures of approx. 850 ° C, in a truck over the same duration 1000 ° C and up to 1200 ° C during a fire a dangerous goods transport.
- a generic fire protection device is from the DE 37 31 124 C2 known.
- the protective wall consists of there a self-supporting concrete shell, which on the to Interior facing surface with a ceramic covering is provided.
- This protective wall is attached using steel anchors attached to the tunnel wall, using a fire protection mat and a ceramic fiber mat as an insulating layer between the Tunnel wall and the protective wall are arranged.
- This Construction of a fire protection device for tunnel walls is both in terms of cost and weight very complex.
- Fire protection walls for generic Fire protection devices and from these fire protection walls Fire protection walls formed serve as building parts, such as for example walls, load-bearing parts, steel sheet piling, Cable ducts or pipe ducts, in front of immediate Protect from flame and heat.
- Fire protection walls and fire protection walls exist for example in tunnel construction or in the construction of underpasses, High or underground garages, factory buildings or other from People walkable or passable structures in which the There is a danger that a fire in the building will damage the walls or load-bearing parts etc. of the structure due to the effect of heat damaged, so that the statics of the building immediately endangered is.
- the object of the present invention is a Specify generic fire protection device that the Risk of damaging the wall of the cavity or the tunnel due to the effects of temperature in the case of high-energy fires in the cavity or in the Tunnel minimized and at the same time the available standing escape time for in the cavity or in the tunnel located people maximized.
- a Fire protection device for walk-in and / or drive-over Cavities, especially for tunnels with a protective wall, which is spaced from the wall of the cavity the protective wall is a high temperature resistant material having protectors of high thermal conductivity and the protective wall on its the wall of the cavity ventilated side facing.
- This construction and arrangement of the protective wall leads that a large part of those caused by the fire Heat radiation reflected from the high temperature resistant material is, so that the protectors are heated by the Thermal radiation is reduced. Furthermore, they lead well heat-conducting protectors that are punctual due to the fire occurring heat from the side, so that the selective on the Fire protection device acting on a larger heat Area of the fire protection device is distributed. Though the one behind the fire protection device heats up Wall of the cavity or tunnel also, yet occur due to heat dissipation within the Fire protection device and because of the Rear ventilation did not allow high air convection Temperature peaks in the wall of the cavity.
- the high-temperature-resistant material is preferably a ceramic material, which is preferably fiber-reinforced, the protectors being formed from this material. This creates protectors that can be manufactured in one piece and have high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance as well as high surface hardness.
- the ceramic material can have, for example, silicon caride (SiC), boron nitride (BN), boron carbide (B 4 C) or tungsten carbide (WC).
- the fiber reinforcement can have carbon fibers, glass fibers or fibers made from polymeric halogenated hydrocarbons.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the protectors one Have support body made of metal and at least on one side are provided with a high temperature resistant material, the Melting point of the high temperature resistant material is higher than that of the metal of the metal carrier body of the associated Protectors and where the protectors at least on that of surface facing away from the wall of the cavity with the high temperature resistant material are provided.
- This Fire protection device is simple and also inexpensive to manufacture and easily in already existing tunnels built-in.
- the high temperature resistant material forms one of the become chewy, not flowing and not hot volatilizing layer that is well above the melting point of the Carrier material and beyond their own melting point a liquefaction or scaling of the carrier material prevented.
- the high-temperature resistant material is preferably enamel.
- This enamel surface causes the enamel coating load-bearing metal, for example steel, at high Fire temperatures are not scaled.
- Steel enamel is through that Enameling is a composite material with high resistance to glowing means that the enamelled steel sheet even at extremely high Temperatures above the annealing temperature or the Melting temperature of the steel sheet, does not glow or melts.
- the enamel thickness preferably not 500 ⁇ m exceeds.
- the metal carrier material can be completely enamelled which then made the aforementioned high temperature resistant layer Email is additionally applied.
- Another advantage of The use of enamelled metal plates is the easy cleaning of the protective wall, which at the same time the Inner wall of the tunnel or cavity forms. Another advantage is that the enamel surface does not charge statically.
- the high temperature resistant material can also advantageously Be ceramic.
- the protectors have plate-like shape.
- Such plate-shaped structure of the protective wall enables the simple construction and at the same time fast and inexpensive retrofit option for existing tunnels or cavities.
- Such a retrofit plate-shaped protectors can even be found in a tunnel be carried out if the traffic in it for example continues to flow on one side or with insignificant reduction.
- This thermally conductive lining of the joints improves the Heat dissipation within the protective wall and thus ensures for a further improved heat distribution an area of the protective wall acting on one larger area of the protective wall.
- the thermally conductive Joint material is preferably lead, but it can also Be rock wool.
- the melting ones Seals only in the area of the upper protectors, i.e. in the Area of the tunnel ridge are provided, since there the Flue gases are to be extracted, while in the rest of the area Protective wall non-melting seals are provided, to achieve maximum heat dissipation there.
- Ventilation duct Space between the protective wall and the wall of the Cavity formed a ventilation duct or a room for Ventilation ducts provided.
- a ventilation duct can in the normal operating state of the cavity respectively Tunnels to supply fresh air into the cavity or tunnel, while in case of fire through the Ventilation duct the fire gases are extracted.
- the ventilation duct in normal operating condition also as Cooling air duct serve to cool the protective wall, because especially in very deep mountains Traffic tunnels ambient temperatures up to 55 ° C can rule.
- the back of the protective wall that is the side facing the wall of the cavity, with a Thermal insulation should be provided during normal operation of the tunnel the mountain range surrounding the tunnel Temperature from the protective wall and thus the Cooling load of the bulkhead cooling reduced, and the in In the event of fire, additional thermal insulation for the behind the Protective wall located wall of the tunnel and this before high local temperature peaks.
- the thermal insulation can preferably be on the inside the tunnel wall made of reinforced concrete should be attached, so that in this way the back of the protective wall in Fire trap or to achieve a desired Temperature effects inside the tunnel either through Forced convection or by thermal convection undergoes immediate cooling so that the remaining by further radiation on the tunnel wall (e.g. from Reinforced concrete) transferred heat, which by the No more convection on the back of the protective wall can be removed, not to damage the concrete wall leads.
- Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete
- Some of the protectors of the protective wall can be made from the Protective wall forming composite to form an opening in the protective wall can be at least partially removable.
- This configuration of the protective wall makes it possible for heating the protectors to a predeterminable Tripping temperature, for example to 400 ° C, a local Opening in the protective wall is created, which is a suction of the Fire gases through one connected to the opening Ventilation duct allowed.
- the joints Preferably the joints remain closed between the protectors.
- the detachment the protectors can be thermally triggered Locks under gravity and / or spring force respectively.
- a protector can be used as a flap be formed, the hinge-like on its one edge neighboring protector is articulated and at least another edge by means of heat melting or otherwise (e.g.
- a release effecting bracket is secured.
- the fire protection device ensures that only in the area of the fire an opening in the protective wall for the extraction of the fire gases is formed. All others provided in the fire protection device too opening protectors or ventilation flaps remain closed so that no fumes in others Tunnel sections are sucked and the suction power of the Fans are preserved over the length of the tunnel.
- the melting or triggering by thermal action Locking the flap also ensures a secure and reliable operation since no electrical or electronic controls must be provided in in the event of a fire.
- a storage container for extinguishing agent be provided which automatically under the influence of heat to release the extinguishing agent from the detached Protector formed opening in the cavity opens.
- a such automatic extinguishing device allows that automatic application of extinguishing agents, for example Fire extinguishing powder, directly on the source of the fire.
- the extinguishing agent for example in a plastic tube stored behind the detachable metal projector is appropriate. After removing the protector from the The plastic hose melts under the protective wall Exposure to heat and the fire extinguishing powder falls on the Source of fire down.
- the storage container for extinguishing agent can also be connected to a pressure source in the event of fire possibly triggered thermally and the Applies extinguishing agent under pressure to the source of the fire.
- a preferred fire protection wall for a generic one Fire protection device has an at least two-shell Building from a source of fire or potential source of fire facing front shell and one from the source of the fire or potential fire source facing away from the rear shell, whereby the front shell and the rear shell spaced apart are arranged and form an air space between them, and whereby at least the front shell on the the source of the fire or potential area of fire facing the area high temperature resistant material is provided.
- the front shell ensures for keeping the flames out, and the one in the airspace Air provides effective heat dissipation from that Area of the front shell on which the flames immediately act so that the back shell only on one Heated temperature that is significantly below the temperature of the Front shell in the same area of the fire protection wall lies.
- the fact that the area facing the source of the fire Provide front shell with a high temperature resistant material is the carrier body of the front shell itself, for example one with the high temperature resistant material provided steel sheet, protected from the flames, so that for example, by scaling the steel sheet immediate exposure to flame is avoided.
- the rear shell is preferably also on the Front shell facing surface with a provided high temperature resistant material, which also the Back shell from damage caused by temperature, for example in the case of long-lasting fires.
- the high temperature resistant material is preferably enamel.
- E-mail has a very high fire resistance and will also Temperatures well over 1,000 ° C like this for example in the case of vehicle fires, not or only in one that does not significantly restrict its effect Dimensions damaged.
- the front shell and / or the rear shell with one on the respective to the source of the fire or potential source of fire facing front and / or on the back applied basic enamel on which on the A front enamel is applied.
- the Front is by definition usually that Movement space in the building, e.g. the driving or Facing street space in a tunnel, i.e. then one too possible fire usually facing.
- This structure of the Enamel protects the base metal of the front shell or the rear shell and avoids, for example its corrosion, the ceiling enamelling for a ensures particularly high fire resistance.
- the application of the Enamel layer (s) prevents the steel itself from failing at temperatures, the annealing and melting temperatures represent, it also prevents scaling.
- the front shell and the rear shell are over in the airspace spacers to a "Air sandwich" construction linked together.
- This Sandwich construction enables an industrial or semi-industrial manufacturing, so that on the site itself the prefabricated sandwich modules are only attached and need to be connected.
- thermally insulating material between the spacers and the Rear shell provided a thermally insulating material.
- thermally insulating material between the spacers and the Front shell can be provided and improves the thermal Decoupling the rear shell from the front shell. Is this thermal insulating material only between the Spacers and the rear shell provided, so the Spacer also as a heat sink for the front shell be used.
- the spacer itself can also be made of thermal insulating material or such a material exhibit.
- the air sandwich construction is in a lower section with air inlet openings and in an upper section with Air outlet openings for the air space, so can an air exchange takes place within the airspace, resulting in better heat dissipation from the back of the Front shell due to the then improved thermal Convection occurs.
- This fire protection wall enables the both immediate from a fire Flame and heat from behind the Keep fire protection walls away from building parts.
- the air inlet openings are preferably in a lower one Area of the rear shell formed so that from the Colder air can be drawn in from the rear of the rear shell and not the hot air from the fire room into the air space between the front shell and the rear shell.
- the Air sandwiches can be coupled so that the Shell intermediate areas (air spaces) also laterally through Airspace connections are in fluid communication with each other, so that especially in the area of a large fire from the Pages, i.e. e.g. in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel air can flow to more distant areas, which is used for cooling contributes to the fire protection wall.
- These connections the Airspaces preferably exist among each other, but that Air spaces are preferably not related to the possible Fire area or fire area in fluid communication.
- the air outlet openings are preferably in an upper one Area of the rear shell so that the in Heated air not rising in the air gap Fire room but in the behind the fire protection wall located room exits and from there over an existing Tunnel ventilation system is discharged.
- a fire protection wall is preferably made of the invention Fire protection wall modules formed.
- Such one modular construction of a complete fire protection wall permitted the industrial or semi-industrial prefabrication of the sandwich-like fire protection wall modules that this way prefabricated transported to the construction site and there can be assembled on site to form the fire protection wall.
- Fire protection wall modules connected so that the Air spaces of the individual fire protection wall modules are in fluid communication with each other.
- This fluid connection can be done both horizontally and vertically Direction exist between individual modules, so that a brisk air exchange within neighboring air spaces Fire protection wall modules can take place, whereby the convection-related heat removal from the airspace and from the back of the front shell is improved.
- a structure is preferred in which vertically one above the other arranged fire protection wall modules a vertical Air flow within them in fluid communication allow standing airspaces.
- Fig. 1a is a vertical section through a tunnel profile one with a fire protection device 1 according to the invention equipped tunnels 2 shown.
- the tunnel 2 is as Road tunnel with a carriageway 3 and with a tunnel wall 4 educated. Inside the tunnel 2 there is a cavity 5 formed, the 30 of vehicles 30 Determines the interior of the tunnel and the Street space, lane space or lane space is called.
- the tunnel can also be designed as a train tunnel.
- the fire protection device 1 comprises one from the inside the tunnel wall 4 spaced protective wall 6. Between the Tunnel wall 4 and protective wall 6 is an intermediate space 7 formed by the protective wall 6 from the cavity or Tunnel interior 5 is essentially hermetically separated.
- the protective wall 6 is only by means of FIGS. 1a and 1b schematically illustrated, heat-resistant brackets 8 the tunnel wall 4 anchored.
- the brackets 8 are resistant to high temperatures and designed as thermal insulators, so no heat from the brackets from the Protective wall 6 is passed into the tunnel wall 4.
- Fig. 1b shows an alternative tunnel profile, in which the Protective wall 6 in the upper area essentially horizontally is formed, whereby a space 7 'in the upper tunnel area for ventilation ducts and other installations.
- This figure also shows how one Insulation layer 9 on the back of the protective wall 6 may be appropriate.
- Fig. 2 which is a view of Protective wall 6 in the direction of arrow II in Fig. 1a shows a section of the protective wall 6, the formed from a plurality of plate-like protectors 10 is.
- These protectors 10 are tile-like to the protective wall 6 composed, the contour of the individual protectors 10 is such that it is the curvature of the tunnel wall 4th adapt, as can be seen in Fig. 1a.
- the single ones Protectors 10 are attached by means of loosely attached safety ropes 11 the tunnel wall 4 secured so that the protectors 10 at a fire-related dissolution of the protective wall 6 does not occur the road 3 can fall down.
- the joint material 13 is either lead or another sealing and good heat-conducting material, such as for example rock wool. Will lead as a grout used, this can be an advantage because in the event of a fire the lead melts out of the joints and so in the fire area the joints open as vents through the smoke from the tunnel interior 5 into the space 7 between the Protective wall 6 and the tunnel wall 4 can be suctioned off if the space 7 after a fire occurs Reversal of this space 7 in normal operation Fresh air feeding blower placed under negative pressure becomes.
- the protectors 10 are enamelled on all sides and additionally on their facing away from the tunnel wall 4 Surface, that is, on the surface that corresponds to the Tunnel interior 5 is facing, with a layer 10C a high temperature resistant material 10B, for example Email, provided, as below in connection with the Fig. 5 is explained.
- Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the structure the protective wall 6 ', in which the edges of the individual plate-like protectors 10 'are not butted against each other but rather overlap each other slightly.
- the Joint material 13 ' is in this case between the Tunnel interior 5 facing the front of the upper Protector and the back of the tunnel wall 4 facing underlying protector in the overlap area arranged sealingly. Because of this scale-like overlap of the individual superimposed protectors is from the mountain dripping or flowing water on the side of the Protective wall 6 'derived so that it is not through Leaks in the longitudinal joint area in the tunnel interior 5 can occur. Also in the area of those not shown in FIG. 4 Transverse joints 14 a similar overlap can be provided, the entry of mountain water into the tunnel interior 5 prevented by the transverse joints 14.
- the protector 10 comprises a carrier body 10A made of a load-bearing and good heat-conducting metal, for example made of sheet steel, whose thickness d A is approximately 1.5 to 2 mm .
- the carrier body 10A On its side facing the tunnel interior or cavity 5, the carrier body 10A is provided with a high-temperature-resistant material 10B forming a refractory layer.
- This high temperature resistant material 10B is preferably enamel.
- the thickness d C of this refractory layer 10C made of, for example, enamel is up to 500 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 6 shows an additional equipment of the invention Fire protection device, namely a fire automatically opening exhaust flap 16 and one above arranged storage container 18 for fire extinguishing agent 20.
- a hose-like reservoir 18 is laid, the Contains fire extinguishing agent 20.
- This reservoir 18 has at least in its lower region 18 ' material that melts under the influence of heat, For example, from a plastic that is used in the usual Fire temperatures melt, so that the hose-like Storage container 18 at the fire site in its lower Area 18 'opens and the fire extinguishing agent 20 downwards can fall out.
- a flap-like Protector 16 is provided in the protective wall 6, which in its Construction resembles the firmly anchored protectors 10, especially the refractory layer high temperature resistant material 10B at its the Tunnel interior or cavity 5 facing Surface.
- This protector 16 is also means a loosely attached safety rope 17 on the tunnel wall 4 secured, thereby causing the protector 26 to fold down is allowed, but it is avoided that he is on the Lane 3 falls down.
- the flap-like protector 16 is on one longitudinal edge with a hinge 22 on an adjacent protector 10 articulated so that it can pivot downwards, like the broken line and arrow C in FIG. 6 demonstrate.
- the flap-like protector is in normal operating condition 16 in the solid closed shown in Fig. 6 Position by means of a lock 24 on another adjacent protector 10 held.
- the flap-like Protector 16 surrounding joints are however not with lead closed but only contain one not with the adjacent protectors 10 or the flap-like protector 16 a mechanical connection incoming joint material. For example, the joints are clogged with rock wool 26, so that the flap-like protector 16 can be opened.
- the lock 24 can be exposed to heat (for Example open at a temperature of 300 ° C to 400 ° C), for example by providing a bimetal lock or by providing a section of melting Plastic. This enables the flap-like Protector 16 in the event of warming from a fire due to its own weight downwards automatically pivoted and thus a vent 28 in Releases the ridge area of the protective wall 6 at the location of the fire.
- this can result in the fire Flue gases from the tunnel interior 5 into the intermediate space 7 and be sucked out of this out of the tunnel and on the other hand it can go up from the source of the fire rising heat or upward heat Heat radiation directly onto the lower region 18 'of the reservoir 18 filled with fire extinguishing agent 20 act so that this lower region 18 'can melt and the fire extinguishing agent can fall onto the source of the fire.
- Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a road tunnel along the line VII-VII in Fig. 1a, with only one Tunnel section is shown.
- tunnel 2 there is one Motor vehicle 30 caught fire and the vehicle occupants 32, 34 flee from the scene of the fire. Because of the vehicle fire emerging temperatures have been above the fire site located, formed by flap-like protectors 16, 16 ' Venting flaps opened and the combustion gases as well as the Fires that arise are caused by the smoke that is formed Vent openings 28 in the space 7 and through sucked this outwards.
- FIG. 8a is a vertical section through a tunnel profile one equipped with a fire protection device 100 Tunnels 2 shown an alternative embodiment of a Fire protection wall 106 according to the invention.
- the fire protection device 100 includes one from the inside the tunnel wall 4 spaced double-walled fire protection wall 106. Between the tunnel wall 4 and the fire protection wall 106 a space 7 is formed, which by the Fire protection wall 106 from the cavity or tunnel interior 5 is separated.
- the fire protection wall 106 is by means of in 8a, 8b and 8c shown only schematically, heat-resistant or heat-reducing brackets 8 anchored to the tunnel wall 4.
- the brackets 8 are also in this embodiment high temperature resistant and as thermal insulators designed so that no heat through the brackets from the fire protection wall 106 in the Tunnel wall 4 is passed or at least the introduction of heat occurs with great delay and greatly reduced.
- the fire protection wall 106 is essentially horizontal formed, whereby there, as can be seen in Fig. 8b, a Space for a supply air duct 7 '' and an exhaust air duct 7 '' ' as well as for other installations.
- the fire protection wall 106 is also in the example of FIG. 8c horizontally trained. There are room chambers 7 '', 7 '' 'for Supply air and exhaust air are formed by a reinforced concrete false ceiling and separated from the route area (route area). In this The case is the horizontal fire protection wall 106 or wall modules also protect them due to their reduced thickness in the event of fire, they may be particularly at risk of collapse Concrete construction.
- Fig. 9 is a section of a vertically cut Fire protection wall 106 according to the invention shown.
- the double-shell fire protection wall consists of a to Tunnel interior, where a possible fire may occur, facing front shell 60 and a spaced from it, to the wall 4 facing rear shell 62. Between the Front shell 60 and rear shell 62 is an air space 64 educated.
- the distance between the front shell and the The rear shell is, for example, between 1 cm and 5 cm; in a test example, a distance of 3 cm was chosen.
- the rear shell 62 is somewhat in its lower section 70 shorter than the front shell 60 and not enough like this to the floor below, so that on this A preferably continuous air inlet opening 72 is formed by the cooler air coming from the supply air duct 7 '' also flows into the intermediate space 7, from the intermediate space 7 can enter the air space 64 from below.
- her top Section 74 preferably has the rear shell 62 continuous or several individual air outlet openings 76 on which is an escape of airspace 64 warmed and ascended air from airspace 64 enable.
- the air outlet openings 76 are, as in FIG. 8b, preferably via connecting channels 76 'to the Exhaust duct or the exhaust air chamber 7 '' 'of the tunnel connected.
- FIG Example using spacer 66 for a sandwich construction shows an exemplary structure of a such spacer shown, between the Back of the front shell 60 and the spacer 66 a Layer of thermally insulating material 65 is introduced. A similar layer of thermally insulating material 67 is between the spacer 66 and the front of the Rear shell 62 arranged.
- Riveting is just one example of a fastening. Here can of course all other known mechanical fastening types such as screws or glue are used.
- the spacer 66 consists of in the example shown a metal profile that corresponds to the desired curvature the fire protection wall or the tunnel profile bent and the ventilation and airflow technology required or optimal distance between the front and the rear shell is adapted.
- a horizontal one Cross section of the fire protection wall is shown in Fig. 10 and will be discussed further below in connection with this figure described.
- the front shell 60 is designed as a protector 10, which has a carrier body 10A made of a load-bearing and good heat-conducting metal, for example made of sheet steel, the thickness d A of which is in a range of preferably 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.
- the structure of the front shell 60 corresponds in principle to the structure shown in FIG. 3.
- the carrier body 10A On the front side facing the tunnel interior or cavity 5, ie on the side facing a potential fire, the carrier body 10A is provided with a high-temperature-resistant material 10B forming a refractory layer.
- This high temperature resistant material 10B is preferably enamel.
- the thickness d C of this refractory layer 10C made of, for example, enamel is preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
- Both the front side and the rear side of the carrier body 10A can be provided with a base enamelling, to which a top enamelling is then applied on the front side.
- the rear shell 62 can also be constructed in the same way. However, the rear shell can also be made of stainless steel or of non-enamelled, rust-treated but extremely heat-resistant metal.
- the spacer 66 is a hat profile-like vertical support trained, the two lateral legs with the Rear shell 62 are connected by rivets 63, wherein between the side legs of the hat profile-like carrier 66 and the rear shell 62 a layer 67 made of thermal insulating material is introduced.
- the middle section of the hat profile 66 also with the inclusion of a layer 65 made of thermally insulating material, with the front shell 60 connected by rivets 61.
- hat profile 66 Inside the hat profile 66 is a vertical direction extending air space 64 'is formed, in which also air flow directed from bottom to top for convective Dissipation of the heat introduced from outside can arise. Openings 66 'in the side faces of the hat profile-like Spacers 66 allow lateral air exchange between the air space 64 between the front shell 60 and the Rear shell 62 and the air space 64 'within the Hat profile.
- the arrangement of the hat profile between the front shell 60 and the rear shell 62 is in the form shown in FIG. 10 only by way of example; it is also possible that Hat profile is installed in reverse, that is, the lateral free leg of the hat profile Spacer 66 with the front shell 60 and the Middle section of the hat profile-like spacer with the Rear shell 62 is connected.
- Fig. 11 shows a longitudinal section through a section of a Road tunnels in the direction of arrow XI in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c.
- a motor vehicle 30 is on fire get and the vehicle occupants 32, 34 flee from Place of fire. Due to the temperature that arises during a vehicle fire have located above the location of the fire, of foldable Ventilation flaps formed from fire protection wall elements opened and the combustion gases as well as the resulting from the fire Smoke becomes through the ventilation openings 28 thus formed in the space 7 '' and sucked out through this.
- Fig. 11 it can also be seen that the entire Fire protection wall made of vertical, sheet-like Fire protection wall modules 110 is formed, which together are connected and each have at least one protector plate exhibit.
- Such fire protection wall modules 110 can be used in an exemplary embodiment, a width of 1.2 m and have a height of 4 m or 5 m, for example.
- the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct are in the figures only shown as an example and schematically. Any supply air or Exhaust air routing is said to have convection effect in the Air gaps 64, 7 between the front shell 60 and the Rear shell 62 and behind the rear shell 62 and the Do not hinder convection from these spaces or short-circuit.
- Fig. 12 shows a third embodiment of the Fire protection device according to the invention, the Fire protection device here later in a tunnel free-standing and statically independent and independent of the Tunnel wall 4 is used.
- the protective wall 206 of the Fire protection device 200 is like the embodiment according to 8a, two-shell design with a front shell 260 and a rear shell 262, one between them Form airspace 264. In the area of the rear shell 262 Protective wall 206 on a static independence effecting substructure 280 attached.
- the Substructure 280 includes left and right vertical supports 282 as well as a left and a right vertical support 282 connecting ridge arches 284.
- the vertical supports 282 and the ridge arches 284 are over thermally insulating elements attached to the protective wall 206.
- the vertical supports 282 are anchored on or in the tunnel floor 3 '.
- This design with free-standing fire protection wall has the advantage that the fire protection wall is not on the Tunnel wall must be anchored, at most only to some few uncritical points on the tunnel wall can.
- This embodiment is particularly useful when old tunnels with an inventive Fire protection device should be retrofitted and if the tunnel wall may or may not be attacked can be attacked in very few places.
- Such tunnel walls are brick walls in old tunnels as well Steel sheet piles from underwater tunnels that are not drilled be allowed and not with welded bolts may be provided to damage the sheet steel wall and thus to prevent water from entering.
- the invention is not based on the above embodiment limited, which is only the general explanation of the Core idea of the invention serves. As part of the Rather, the scope of the device according to the invention can also other than the embodiments described above accept.
- the device can, in particular, have features have a combination of the respective Represent individual features of the claims.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1a
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Tunnelprofil eines Tunnels, der mit der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung ausgerüstet ist;
- Fig. 1b
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein alternatives Tunnelprofil eines Tunnels, der mit der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung ausgerüstet ist;
- Fig. 2
- eine Ansicht einer Schutzwandung einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung in Richtung des Pfeiles II in Fig. 1a;
- Fig. 3
- eine vergrößerte geschnittene Ansicht einer Schutzwandung entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2 und Fig. 9;
- Fig. 4
- eine zu Fig. 3 analoge Schnittansicht mit einer alternative Gestaltung der Schutzwandung;
- Fig. 5
- eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Protektors gemäß dem Detail V in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 6
- eine geschnittene Ansicht eines Ausschnitts eines Tunnels mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung und
- Fig. 7
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen Straßentunnel mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung gemäß der Ansicht VII-VII in Fig. 1a.
- Fig. 8a
- einen Querschnitt durch eine mit einer erfindungsgemäßen doppelwandigen Brandschutzwandung ausgestattete Tunnelröhre,
- Fig. 8b
- einen Querschnitt durch eine alternative mit einer erfindungsgemäßen doppelwandigen Brandschutzwandung ausgestattete Tunnelröhre,
- Fig. 8c
- einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere alternative mit einer erfindungsgemäßen doppelwandigen Brandschutzwandung ausgestattete Tunnelröhre,
- Fig. 9
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Brandschutzwandung gemäß der Einzelheit IX in den Fig. 8a, 8b und 8c,
- Fig. 10
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Brandschutzwandung gemäß der Linie X-X in Fig. 9,
- Fig. 11
- eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzwandung in Richtung des Pfeiles XI in den Fig. 8a, 8b und 8c und
- Fig. 12
- eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzvorrichtung mit selbsttragender Brandschutzwandung.
- 1
- Brandschutzvorrichtung
- 2
- Tunnel
- 2'
- Oberer Tunnelbereich
- 3
- Fahrbahn
- 3'
- Tunnelboden
- 4
- Tunnelwand
- 5
- Hohlraum
- 6
- Schutzwandung
- 6'
- Schutzwandung
- 7
- Zwischenraum
- 7'
- Raum für Lüftungskanäle
- 7''
- Zuluftkanal
- 7'''
- Abluftkanal
- 8
- Halterungen
- 9
- Dämmaterialschicht
- 10
- Protektoren
- 10'
- Protektoren
- 10A
- Trägerkörper
- 10B
- Hochtemperaturfestes Material
- 10C
- Schicht aus hochtemperaturfestem Material
- 11
- Fangseil
- 12
- Längsfugen
- 12'
- Längsfugen
- 13
- Fugenmaterial
- 14
- Querfugen
- 14'
- Querfugen
- 16
- Klappenartiger Protektor
- 16'
- Klappenartiger Protektor
- 16''
- Klappenartiger Protektor
- 17
- Fangseil
- 18
- Vorratsbehälter
- 18'
- Unterer Bereich
- 20
- Feuerlöschmittel
- 22
- Scharnier
- 24
- Halterung
- 26
- Steinwolle
- 28
- Entlüftungsöffnung
- 29
- Löschöffnung
- 30
- Kraftfahrzeug
- 32
- Fahrzeuginsassen
- 34
- Fahrzeuginsassen
- 60
- Vorderschale
- 61
- Niete
- 62
- Hinterschale
- 63
- Niete
- 64
- Luftraum
- 64'
- Luftraum
- 65
- thermisch isolierendes Material
- 66
- Abstandhalter
- 66'
- Öffnungen
- 67
- thermisch isolierendes Material
- 70
- unterer Abschnitt
- 72
- Lufteintrittsöffnung
- 74
- oberer Abschnitt
- 76
- Luftaustrittsöffnung
- 76'
- Verbindungskanäle
- 100
- Brandschutzvorrichtung
- 106
- Brandschutzwandung
- 110
- Brandschutzwandungs-Modul
- 200
- Brandschutzvorrichtung
- 206
- Brandschutzwandung
- 260
- Vorderschale
- 262
- Hinterschale
- 264
- Luftraum
- 280
- Unterkonstruktion
- 282
- Vertikalstütze
- 284
- Firstbogen
- dA
- Dicke von 10A
- dC
- Dicke von 10C
Claims (18)
- Brandschutzvorrichtung (1, 100) für begehbare und/oder befahrbare Hohlräume (5), insbesondere für Tunnels, mit einer Schutzwandung (6, 106), die von der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) beabstandet angeordnet ist,
wobei die Schutzwandung (6, 106) ein hochtemperaturfestes Material aufweisende Protektoren (10, 16, 16') von hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Schutzwandung (6, 106) auf ihrer der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) zugewandten Seite hinterlüftet ist. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das hochtemperaturfeste Material ein Keramikmaterial ist, das vorzugsweise faserverstärkt ist, und daß die Protektoren aus diesem Material gebildet sind. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Protektoren (10, 16, 16') einen Trägerkörper (10A) aus Metall aufweisen und zumindest einseitig mit einem hochtemperaturfesten Material (10B) versehen sind, wobei der Schmelzpunkt des hochtemperaturfesten Materials (10B) höher ist als der des Metalls des metallenen Trägerkörpers (10A) des zugehörigen Protektors (10, 16, 16') und wobei die Protektoren (10, 16, 16') zumindest auf der von der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) abgewandten Fläche mit dem hochtemperaturfesten Material (10B) versehen sind, wobeidas hochtemperaturfeste Material (10B) vorzugsweise Email oder Keramikmaterial ist. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Protektoren (10, 16, 16') plattenförmige Gestalt aufweisen, wobei vorzugsweisedie die Schutzwandung (6, 106) bildenden plattenförmigen Protektoren (10, 16, 16') an ihren einander benachbarten Kanten mittels die Fugen (12, 14) zwischen den Protektoren (10, 16) ausfüllendem wärmeleitenden Fugenmaterial (13, 26), wie beispielsweise Blei, wärmeleitend miteinander verbunden sind. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß im Zwischenraum (7) zwischen der Schutzwandung (6, 106) und der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) ein Lüftungskanal gebildet ist oder ein Raum für Lüftungskanäle vorgesehen ist. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß im Zwischenraum (7), vorzugsweise an der Schutzwandung (6, 106) auf deren vom Hohlraum (5) abgewandter Seite, eine Dämmaterialschicht (9) vorgesehen ist. - Brandschutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß in die Schicht (10C) aus Email reflektierende und/oder selbstleuchtende oder nachleuchtende Bestandteile integriert sind. - Brandschutzwandung (106) für eine Brandschutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchemit zumindest zweischaligem Aufbau aus einer einem Brandherd oder potentiellen Brandherd zugewandten Vorderschale (60) und einer vom Brandherd oder potentiellen Brandherd abgewandten Hinterschale (62), wobei die Vorderschale (60) und die Hinterschale (62) voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind und zwischen sich einen Luftraum (64) bilden und wobei zumindest die Vorderschale (60) auf der dem Brandherd oder potentiellen Brandherd zugewandten Fläche (10C) mit dem hochtemperaturfesten Material (10B) versehen ist.
- Brandschutzwandung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Hinterschale (62) auf ihrer der Vorderschale (60) zugewandten Fläche mit dem hochtemperaturfesten Material versehen ist. - Brandschutzwandung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das hochtemperaturfeste Material (10B) Email oder ein Keramikmaterial ist. - Brandschutzwandung nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Vorderschale (60) und/oder die Hinterschale (62) mit einer auf der jeweiligen zum Brandherd oder potentiellen Brandherd weisenden Vorderseite und/oder auf der Rückseite aufgebrachten Grundemaillierung versehen ist beziehungsweise sind, auf die auf der Vorderseite eine Deckemaillierung aufgebracht ist. - Brandschutzwandung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Vorderschale (60) und die Hinterschale (62) über im Luftraum (64) befindliche Abstandhalter (66), die bevorzugt aus thermisch isolierendem Material bestehen oder ein derartiges Material aufweisen, zu einer Luftsandwichkonstruktion miteinander verbunden sind, wobei vorzugsweise zwischen den Abstandhaltern (66) und der Vorderschale (60) und/oder zwischen den Abstandhaltern (66) und der Hinterschale (62) ein thermisch isolierendes Material (65) vorgesehen ist. - Brandschutzwandung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Luftsandwichkonstruktion in einem unteren Abschnitt (70) mit Lufteintrittsöffnungen (72) und/oder in einem oberen Abschnitt (74) mit Luftaustrittsöffnungen (76) für den Luftraum versehen ist, wobei die Lufteintrittsöffnungen (72) bevorzugt in einem unteren Bereich der Hinterschale (62) ausgebildet sind und wobei die Luftaustrittsöffnungen (76) bevorzugt in einem oberen Bereich der Hinterschale (62) ausgebildet sind. - Brandschutzwand bestehend aus Brandschutzwandungs-Modulen (110), die jeweils gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgebildet sind, wobei die Brandschutzwandungs-Module (110) vorzugsweise so miteinander verbunden sind, daß die Lufträume (64) der einzelnen Brandschutzwandungs-Module (110) miteinander in Fluidverbindung stehen.
- Brandschutzwand nach Anspruch 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die jeweiligen Vorderschalen (60) benachbarter Brandschutzwandungs-Module thermisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind und/oder die jeweiligen Hinterschalen (62) benachbarter Brandschutzwandungs-Module thermisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind. - Brandschutzwand nach Anspruch 14 oder 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Vorderschale und die Hinterschale thermisch nichtleitend miteinander verbunden sind. - Brandschutzwand nach Anspruch 14, 15 oder 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Brandschutzwandungs-Module (110) mittels thermisch nichtleitender Halterungen (8) an der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) angebracht sind. - Brandschutzvorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, insbesondere mit einer Brandschutzwandung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Brandschutzvorrichtung eine statisch eigenständige Konstruktion darstellt, die ohne Verankerung an der Wand (4) des Hohlraums (5) freistehend einbaubar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1999148885 DE19948885A1 (de) | 1999-10-11 | 1999-10-11 | Brandschutzvorrichtung |
DE19948885 | 1999-10-11 | ||
DE19948855 | 1999-10-11 | ||
DE2000110185 DE10010185A1 (de) | 2000-03-02 | 2000-03-02 | Brandschutzwandung und Brandschutzwand aus Brandschutzwandungs-Modulen |
DE10010185 | 2000-03-02 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1092837A2 true EP1092837A2 (de) | 2001-04-18 |
EP1092837A3 EP1092837A3 (de) | 2001-04-25 |
EP1092837A9 EP1092837A9 (de) | 2001-06-27 |
EP1092837B1 EP1092837B1 (de) | 2003-08-27 |
Family
ID=27664504
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00121840A Expired - Lifetime EP1092837B1 (de) | 1999-10-11 | 2000-10-06 | Brandschutzvorrichtung für Tunnels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1092837B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE248287T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50003430D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2206122T3 (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1544408A1 (de) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-22 | Vid ApS | System zur Rauchgasabfuhr in Tunneln |
WO2006134408A2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-21 | Robert Planinc | Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining |
WO2007028427A1 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-03-15 | Xella Trockenbau-Systeme Gmbh | Tunnelausbau |
EP1772591A1 (de) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-11 | Georgios Perrakis | Vorrichtung für Feuerschutzisolierung |
KR100942267B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-02 | (주)홍지디씨에스 | 터널 풍도슬래브용 내화성능 피에스씨 패널, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 풍도슬래브 시공방법 |
CN112963773A (zh) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-15 | 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 | 隧道照明系统 |
CN113199824A (zh) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-08-03 | 康庆平 | 一种聚酯材料防火板及其制备方法 |
EP4403720A1 (de) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-24 | Etex Services NV | Wärmeaktivierbare vorrichtung zur verwendung in einem wandverkleidungssystem |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101289472B1 (ko) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-07-24 | 창전이앤시 주식회사 | 터널의 화재시 송풍기 유지 보호장치 |
CN110792451B (zh) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏融鼎建筑科技有限公司 | 一种基于降热阻燃的多态型地铁隧道拱形壁 |
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DE3731124C2 (de) | 1987-08-06 | 1990-09-20 | Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld, De | |
DE29601777U1 (de) | 1996-02-03 | 1996-08-14 | Haack, Alfred, Dr.-Ing., 50933 Köln | Brandschutzdämmung in Tunneln und Bauwerken |
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DE1946984A1 (de) * | 1969-09-17 | 1971-03-25 | Buderus Ind Technik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur sicheren Ableitung von extrem hochtemperierten Abgasmengen aus Tunnelanlagen |
US4898088A (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-02-06 | Norman Lesser | Totally fusible tunnel ventilation damper system |
US5470178A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-11-28 | Weholt; Raymond L. | Insulating tunnel liner system |
-
2000
- 2000-10-06 DE DE50003430T patent/DE50003430D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-06 ES ES00121840T patent/ES2206122T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-06 EP EP00121840A patent/EP1092837B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-06 AT AT00121840T patent/ATE248287T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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DE3731124C2 (de) | 1987-08-06 | 1990-09-20 | Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld, De | |
DE29601777U1 (de) | 1996-02-03 | 1996-08-14 | Haack, Alfred, Dr.-Ing., 50933 Köln | Brandschutzdämmung in Tunneln und Bauwerken |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1544408A1 (de) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-22 | Vid ApS | System zur Rauchgasabfuhr in Tunneln |
WO2007028427A1 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-03-15 | Xella Trockenbau-Systeme Gmbh | Tunnelausbau |
NO338728B1 (no) * | 2005-05-23 | 2016-10-10 | Fermacell Gmbh | Tunnelfôring |
WO2006134408A2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-21 | Robert Planinc | Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining |
WO2006134408A3 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2007-02-22 | Robert Planinc | Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining |
EP1772591A1 (de) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-11 | Georgios Perrakis | Vorrichtung für Feuerschutzisolierung |
KR100942267B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-02 | (주)홍지디씨에스 | 터널 풍도슬래브용 내화성능 피에스씨 패널, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 풍도슬래브 시공방법 |
CN112963773A (zh) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-15 | 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 | 隧道照明系统 |
CN113199824A (zh) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-08-03 | 康庆平 | 一种聚酯材料防火板及其制备方法 |
EP4403720A1 (de) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-24 | Etex Services NV | Wärmeaktivierbare vorrichtung zur verwendung in einem wandverkleidungssystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2206122T3 (es) | 2004-05-16 |
DE50003430D1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
EP1092837A9 (de) | 2001-06-27 |
ATE248287T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
EP1092837A3 (de) | 2001-04-25 |
EP1092837B1 (de) | 2003-08-27 |
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