EP1041972B1 - Tablet for instant and prolonged release of one or more active substances - Google Patents

Tablet for instant and prolonged release of one or more active substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1041972B1
EP1041972B1 EP98965814A EP98965814A EP1041972B1 EP 1041972 B1 EP1041972 B1 EP 1041972B1 EP 98965814 A EP98965814 A EP 98965814A EP 98965814 A EP98965814 A EP 98965814A EP 1041972 B1 EP1041972 B1 EP 1041972B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
active substance
copolymers
tablet according
release
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98965814A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1041972A1 (en
Inventor
Olivier Saslawski
Laurence Orlando
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Priority to SI9830282T priority Critical patent/SI1041972T1/xx
Publication of EP1041972A1 publication Critical patent/EP1041972A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Definitions

  • the invention relates to solid galenic forms of the controlled release tablet type for the instant and then prolonged release of one or more active substances.
  • the kinetics of release of the active ingredient depend on many factors, such as the enzymatic activity and the pH conditions which vary substantially from one individual to another and for the same individual, depending on whether they are on an empty stomach or not. Furthermore, the pH conditions vary all along the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it is difficult to predict in vivo, with precision, the profile for the release of a given substance after administration of the prior art instant- and prolonged-release systems.
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem by providing tablets which preserve their characteristics for the release of active substances regardless of the conditions of administration in vivo.
  • the tablets of the invention provide an excellent reproducibility of the results, while allowing an increased control of the rates of release during the phase of prolonged release of the active ingredient.
  • Tablets of the invention are, moreover, advantageous from the point of view of the formulation of the active ingredients since a judicious choice of the excipients leads to tablets with high concentrations of active ingredients.
  • the invention relates to multilayer tablets for the instant and then prolonged release of active substances comprising at least two superposed layers, characterized in that:
  • the second layer which is arranged in contact with the first layer, is either completely enveloped by the first layer, or only partially covered by it.
  • the two layers are concentric.
  • this type of tablet is designated as "containing parallel layers" and the shape of the tablet is unimportant and is in particular ovoidal. It should be understood that in this case, the two layers have one outer surface, their other surface being in contact with one another.
  • the tablets of the invention are preferably bilayered. However, the invention also encompasses multilayer tablets, as long as they comprise the combination of the first and second layers defined above.
  • the kinetics of release of the active ingredient depend, in each case, on the exact composition of the layer considered. It is by adapting the nature and the quantity of the excipients constituting the two layers that the kinetics of release can be modulated.
  • the first layer disintegrates rapidly at the site of administration.
  • the second layer is not biodegradable. Its matrix is inert in the sense that it does not react with the surrounding medium. The matrix of the second layer retains its physical and chemical integrity throughout the prolonged release of the active ingredient, regardless of the pH variations.
  • the first layer disintegrates instantly upon contact with an aqueous medium such as a physiological medium, it is easy to understand why the release of the first active substance is immediate.
  • the release- of the second active substance occurs by lixiviation and diffusion.
  • the surrounding aqueous medium gradually penetrates into the inert porous matrix and then progressively, this aqueous medium dissolves the active substance dispersed in the inert matrix.
  • the mechanism of diffusion being slow in essence, it can be understood why the release of the active ingredient is prolonged in this case.
  • each layer may contain a different active ingredient.
  • the first and second layers comprise the same active substance.
  • the active substances may be chosen in particular from any of the following groups (to designate the active substances, the international nonproprietary names have been adopted):
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the salifiable active ingredients listed above may also be selected as active ingredient.
  • the content of active ingredient in the first layer will be determined according to the pathology to be treated.
  • This content may be high, it being possible for the active substance to represent up to 99.0% of the total weight of the first layer, and for example from 1 to 99.0% by weight, preferably from 85 to 95% of the total weight of the first layer.
  • the second layer may contain up to 98.5% by weight of active ingredient, for example from 1 to 95% by weight, better still from 60 to 80%.
  • disintegrating agents are normally included in the said layer in an amount of from 0 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2 to 5% by weight.
  • examples of such disintegrating agents are: alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, anhydrous colloidal silica, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, guar gum, magnesium and aluminium silicate, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, potassium polacrilin, cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, starch sodium glycolate, starch and the effervescent mixtures known in the art for their disintegrating action.
  • the effervescent mixtures form part of the substances capable of rapidly causing the disintegration of the first layer, especially when the latter comes into contact with the gastric acids.
  • These mixtures generally contain alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal carbonates or bicarbonates or sodium glycine carbonate.
  • additives may be incorporated into the immediate-release layer, such as diluents, binders, lubricants, antioxidants, colourings, sweeteners, flavourings and acidulants, wetting agents, hydrophilizing agents such as sorbitol and cyclodextrins, osmotic agents such as mannitol, pH correctors, stabilizing agents such as trehalose and mannitol, adsorbants, chelating and sequestering agents and gastroresistant film-coating excipients of the type including cellulose acetylphthalate and polymethacrylates.
  • hydrophilizing agents such as sorbitol and cyclodextrins
  • osmotic agents such as mannitol, pH correctors
  • stabilizing agents such as trehalose and mannitol
  • chelating and sequestering agents and gastroresistant film-coating excipients of the type including cellulose acetylphthalate and polymeth
  • any one of the following diluents or alternatively a combination thereof calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sucrose, dextrates, dextrin, dextrose, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, starches, pregelatinized starch, talc, tricalcium phosphate and lactose.
  • binders there may be mentioned: gum arabic, gum tragacanth, guar gum, alginic acid, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, liquid glucose, magnesium and aluminium silicate, maltodextrin, povidone, pregelatinized starch, starch and zein.
  • the lubricants are glidants (such as anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium silicate, cellulose, starch, talc or tricalcium phosphate) or alternatively antifriction adhering agents (such as calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, paraffin, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, fumaric acid, stearic acid or zinc stearate and talc).
  • glidants such as anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium silicate, cellulose, starch, talc or tricalcium phosphate
  • antifriction adhering agents such as calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, paraffin, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lau
  • antioxidants persons skilled in the art may select any of the following compounds: ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, fumaric acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate and sodium metabisulfite, alpha-tocopherol, malic acid, BHA and BTH.
  • Preferred wetting agents are:
  • pH regulators there are acidifying agents of the type including citric acid, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, as well as alkalinizing agents of the type including monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine, potassium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate dihydrate.
  • adsorbents examples include bentonite, anhydrous colloidal silica, kaolin, magnesium and aluminium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose.
  • citric acid monohydrate edetic acid, disodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, potassium citrate, tartaric acid and sodium citrate dihydrate.
  • the binder may represent from 0.5 to 25% by weight, better still from 2 to 5% by weight of the said first layer.
  • the lubricants are preferably incorporated into this first layer in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight.
  • the quantity of gastroresistant film-coating excipients varies between 0.5 and 9% by weight.
  • the prolonged-release layer may, in addition, contain diluents chosen from glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polymethacrylates, potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
  • binders such as carbomer, ethyl cellulose, hydrogenated vegetable oils, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methyl cellulose and polymethacrylates may be incorporated into the prolonged-release layer.
  • the essential constituents of the second prolonged-release layer are polymeric materials which confer on it its inert and nonbiodegradable character.
  • the polymeric materials in question are polymers or copolymers insoluble in water (but not forming a gel either upon immersion in an aqueous medium) which are discharged intact by the body.
  • These polymers may play the role of binder in the composition of the second layer.
  • Such materials are in particular polyvinyl chlorides, vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride copolymers, acrylonitrile/vinylidene chloride copolymers, polydimethylsiloxanes and copolymers derived from (meth)acrylic acids.
  • the copolymers derived from (meth)acrylic acids comprise the copolymers of derivatives of methacrylic acid and the copolymers of derivatives of acrylic acid and of derivatives of methacrylic acid.
  • esters are preferred.
  • the nonbiodegradable inert polymeric material is chosen from the groups consisting of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylammonium methacrylate and methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylammonium methacrylate and ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylammonium methacrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylammonium methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate copolymers, methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymers, methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate copolymers.
  • ethylammonium is understood to mean a radical chosen from the ammonioethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )altylammonioethyl, di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylammonioethyl and tri (C 1 -C 4 )alkylammonioethyl groups.
  • ethylammonium designates a trimethylammonioethyl radical.
  • the copolymer NE 30 D® has proved particularly advantageous.
  • the copolymers of esters of methacrylic acid and of esters of acrylic acid are used in preference to any other type of inert matrix.
  • the molecular mass of the polymeric material used may vary to a large extent depending on the nature of the monomers constituting the material.
  • the average molecular mass is between 100,000 and 1,000,000, preferably between 130,000 and 800,000.
  • the quantity of inert polymeric materials does not exceed 25% of the total weight of the second layer, and is not less than 1% of the total weight of this layer.
  • the quantity of polymeric materials varies between 2.5% and 12% of the total weight of the second layer.
  • the whole tablet may be coated with a gastroresistant or enterosoluble polymeric film, such that the active ingredient is released only in the duodenal tract.
  • the polymeric substances generally used for the production of the gastroresistant systems are cellulose acetophthalate, cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose trimellitate or polymers and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acids.
  • the tablets of the invention are conventionally prepared by a method including the steps of granulation, followed by compression.
  • the method of preparation which is the subject of the invention, comprises the steps consisting in:
  • the first step (step a)) is designed to provide a granule based on the first active substance, which will lead, through compression, to the first layer, called immediate-release layer.
  • the second step (step b)) is designed to provide a granule based on the same active substance or on a different active substance, which will lead, through compression, to the second layer, called prolonged-release layer.
  • the constituents of this layer are those of the nonbiodegradable inert polymeric matrix defined above.
  • Step c) leads to the formation of the tablet through successive compression of the granules obtained in the preceding steps a) and b).
  • Steps a) and b) involve the granulation of powders of amorphous or crystallized particles. This granulation is carried out in a manner known per se and, for example, by a wet granulation method.
  • the method of granulation comprises five essential steps: (i) dry-mixing of its various constituents, (ii) wetting, (iii) granulation proper, (iv) drying, and then (v) sizing.
  • the dry-mixing consists in mixing the pulverulent excipients entering into the composition of the granule.
  • the wetting consists in adding to the pulverulent mixture various constituents, a wetting liquid which may be water, a (C 1 -C 4 )alkanol, an aqueous solution of binder or an alcoholic solution of binder.
  • a wetting liquid which may be water, a (C 1 -C 4 )alkanol, an aqueous solution of binder or an alcoholic solution of binder.
  • the expression "alcoholic solution of binder” includes both the alcoholic and aqueous-alcoholic solutions in which the solvent is a mixture of one or more (C 1 -C 4 )alkanols or a mixture of water and of one or more (C 1 -C 4 )alkanols.
  • a preferred (C 1 -C 4 )alkanol is isopropanol. It is carried out in a kneading, planetary, mixing pan, projection or whirling-type mixer-blender or a rapid-type mixer-granulator
  • the appropriate wetting liquid is water, a (C 1 -C 4 )alkanol, an aqueous solution of binder or an alcoholic solution of binder as defined above, and as generally recommended in the art.
  • step b) it is possible to use an aqueous dispersion or an organic solution of the nonbiodegradable polymeric material(s) as wetting liquid. Better homogeneity of distribution of the matrix is thus obtained.
  • Organic solution is understood according to the invention to mean a solution of the nonbiodegradable polymeric material(s) in an organic solvent which is either a mixture of one or more (C 1 -C 4 )alkanols, or a mixture of one or more ((C 1 -C 4 )alkyl)((C 1 -C 4 )alkyl)ketones and of one or more (C 1 -C 4 )alkanols.
  • isopropanol is the preferred (C 1 -C 4 )alkanol.
  • the mixture of isopropanol and acetone is preferred.
  • the dispersion or the solution will preferably have a viscosity of between 10 and 300 mPa.s, better still between 15 and 200 mPa.s.
  • the sizing is carried out by passing over a screen with a mesh opening of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, preferably of between 0.8 and 1.5 mm.
  • the preferred value of the mesh opening is 1.25 mm in each of steps a) and b).
  • the invention is not limited to carrying out a wet granulation method.
  • persons skilled in the art will also be able to use the other existing granulation methods, such as the dry granulation method.
  • step c) leads to the formation of the tablet.
  • the combination of the granules is carried out in a conventional manner using the granules obtained in steps a) and b).
  • this step involves (i) compression, in a first compression chamber, of the entire prolonged-release granule obtained in step b) for the production of a core tablet; (ii) the compression, in a second compression chamber, of a portion, preferably 50% by weight, of the immediate-release granule obtained in step a) above; (iii) the introduction and the positioning of the core tablet resulting from step (i) above in the said second compression chamber; (iv) the application of a gentle compression with centring of the core in the said second compression chamber; (v) the addition of the remainder of the immediate-release granule to the said second granulation chamber; and (vi) the conjoint compression of the immediate-release granule on the tablet formed in step iv) above.
  • step c) comprises: (i) a gentle compression of the entire prolonged-release granule in a compression chamber; and then (ii) the addition of the entire immediate-release granule to the said compression chamber and its positioning on the tablet resulting from step i) above; and (iii) the final compression of the tablet.
  • the tablets of the invention may be administered by the oral or vaginal route. They allow the immediate release of a first active substance, and then the release of a second active substance, which is optionally identical to the first, over a period of 2 to 12 h.
  • the multilayer tablets of the invention are particularly advantageous since their method of preparation is simple, the excipients constituting them being customary. Furthermore, it is possible, by appropriately selecting the nonbiodegradable inert polymeric materials, to vary the dissolution profiles to a very large extent and with precision, depending on the needs.
  • the polymeric materials belong to the Eudragit series marketed by the company Röhm, which are copolymers derived from methacrylic and/or acrylic acid. Because of the diversity of the properties of these copolymers, it is possible to obtain modulation of the release profile of the active ingredients.
  • copolymers confer on the resulting tablets excellent formulation capacity (possibility of incorporating high levels of active ingredients) and compression capacity.
  • these copolymers are absolutely inert in relation to the body, which ensures release of the active ingredient independently of the influence of the body (and in particular of pH variations) and therefore reliability, safety, quality, reproducibility and better tolerance of the effects linked to the administration of the tablets of the invention.
  • the active ingredient is 2-ethoxymethyl-4(3H)-pteridinone, designated as EMP in the text which follows.
  • GLI-1 The constituents for the preparation of the immediate-release granule, designated as GLI-1 in the text which follows, were used in the following proportions by weight: EMP 94.12% Polyvinylpyrrolidone 30 2.94% Cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose 2.94% Total 100.00%
  • the active ingredient, polyvinylpyrrolidone 30, and the carboxymethylcellulose are introduced into a mixer-granulator for a 3-minute mixing.
  • the wetting liquid, osmosed water is then introduced into the mixer-granulator until well-formed grains and agglomerates are obtained.
  • the whole is dried (oven or fluidized air bed) and sized on a screen with a mesh opening of 1.25 mm.
  • the active ingredient is that used in Example 1.
  • the nonbiodegradable polymeric material used is Eudragit NE 30 D® marketed by the company Röhm.
  • GLP-1 The constituents for the preparation of the prolonged-release granule, designated as GLP-1 in the text which follows, were used in the following proportions by weight: EMP 71.70% Fine lactose powder 17.20% Eudragit NE 30 D® 8.80% Talc 1.10% Magnesium stearate 1.20% Total 100.00%
  • the active ingredient and the lactose are introduced into a mixer-granulator for a 3-minute mixing.
  • the Eudragit NE 30 D® which is an aqueous dispersion of a neutral copolymer of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, is then gradually introduced into the mixture, as wetting liquid. Purified water is added, if necessary, in order to obtain well-formed granules comprising agglomerates. Next, the granule is dried in a fluidized air bed and sized on a screen with a mesh opening of 1.25 mm. The lubricants (talc and magnesium stearate) are then mixed with the granule obtained above for 40 seconds.
  • Table 1 below indicates, for each tablet, the respective quantities of granules used.
  • Tablet reference
  • Quantity of GLI granules (mg)
  • Quantity of GLP granules (mg)
  • Unit weight of the tablet (mg)
  • a 425.0 558.0 983.0 B 531.2 697.5 1228.7 C 318.7 976.3 1295.0
  • D 318.7 697.5 1016.2 E 531.2 558.0 1089.2
  • the dissolution profiles for the tablets manufactured in the preceding example were determined by UV spectrometry.
  • the tablet to be tested is introduced into a reactor previously charged with one litre of osmosed water, at 37°C, and provided with a temperature-regulating system and with an effective stirring system.
  • the reactor is kept stirring at 37°C.
  • samples of the medium contained in the reactor are collected, filtered on a filter with a porosity of 0.45 ⁇ m, and analysed by UV spectrometry.
  • optical density of the samples collected, diluted in a known volume of osmosed water, is measured at 313 nm.
  • the quantity of active ingredient q present in the sample is determined by comparison with the optical density of a control solution of the active ingredient, EMP, of known concentration. A simple calculation makes it possible to find the total quantity of active ingredient released in the reactor at the instant t.
  • the dissolution profile for a tablet tested is obtained by plotting, on a curve, the calculated quantities of active ingredient as a function of the time of collection.
  • the tablets containing parallel layers F to I in the following Table 2 are prepared: Tablet Type of immediate-release granules Quantity of immediate-release granules (mg) Type of prolonged -release granules Quantity of prolonged-release granules (mg) F GLI-2 327.9 GLP-2 836.8 G GLI-2 546.4 GLP-3 697.35 H GLI-2 327.9 GLP-4 697.35 I GLI-2 437.15 GLP-4 557.9
EP98965814A 1997-12-23 1998-12-11 Tablet for instant and prolonged release of one or more active substances Expired - Lifetime EP1041972B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9830282T SI1041972T1 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-11 Tablet for instant and prolonged release of one or more active substances

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9716402A FR2772615B1 (fr) 1997-12-23 1997-12-23 Comprime multicouche pour la liberation instantanee puis prolongee de substances actives
FR9716402 1997-12-23
PCT/EP1998/008100 WO1999033448A1 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-11 Tablet for instant and prolonged release of one or more active substances

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1041972A1 EP1041972A1 (en) 2000-10-11
EP1041972B1 true EP1041972B1 (en) 2002-09-04

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US (1) US6372255B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP1041972B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP4451563B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100574207B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1163220C (pt)
AR (1) AR017897A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE223207T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU743195B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9814345A (pt)
CA (1) CA2316277C (pt)
CZ (1) CZ291884B6 (pt)
DE (1) DE69807747T2 (pt)
DK (1) DK1041972T3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2182397T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2772615B1 (pt)
HU (1) HU226069B1 (pt)
ID (1) ID26313A (pt)
NO (1) NO20003289L (pt)
PT (1) PT1041972E (pt)
RU (1) RU2212885C2 (pt)
SK (1) SK283236B6 (pt)
UA (1) UA55503C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO1999033448A1 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA9811799B (pt)

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