EP0940565B1 - Pompe à eau pour le circuit de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents
Pompe à eau pour le circuit de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0940565B1 EP0940565B1 EP99101947A EP99101947A EP0940565B1 EP 0940565 B1 EP0940565 B1 EP 0940565B1 EP 99101947 A EP99101947 A EP 99101947A EP 99101947 A EP99101947 A EP 99101947A EP 0940565 B1 EP0940565 B1 EP 0940565B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water pump
- pump
- accordance
- pump housing
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0005—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves
- F04D15/0022—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/406—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for liquid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2070/00—Details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a water pump for a Cooling circuit of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a water pump according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 17 79 921 A. It is is a cooperating with a heating circulation pump Mixing valve. This is in an intake manifold, in the two other nozzles lead, a control body arranged in the form of a rotary valve, which about a planetary gear from an anchor of a Electric motor is driven.
- DE 43 24 749 A1 discloses a control valve for a Cooling circuit described, with a radial inlet and three radial outlets, the distribution of the Coolant is done by a rotary valve.
- From DE 44 38 552 C1 is a temperature control device for the cooling circuit of an internal combustion engine described which with actuators for a switching flap arranged on a switching shaft is provided.
- the switching valve shaft lies in the Area of an imaginary wall line of the radiator return line or pump supply and in the junction area the short-circuit line in the pump supply line.
- the switching flap is a temperature expansion element, a so-called wax cartridge, provided.
- the present invention is based on the object a control device for the cooling circuit a To create internal combustion engine, which in a very compact design several links of the cooling circuit and several functions of setting and switching elements includes.
- control valve according to the invention Due to the integration of the control valve according to the invention in the housing of the water pump becomes a very compact Achieved component, while at the same time by the Control valve with appropriate design several Switch positions are feasible, so that in case of need more control elements in a cooling and optionally a heating circuit of an internal combustion engine can be omitted. Not only can the various functions or switching positions but can also be realized the mechanical parts necessary for a control be received in the pump housing or accordingly be flanged to the pump housing.
- the embodiment of the invention can be practical with a single device the entire circuit to Cooling and possibly also for heating for almost all cases occurring in practice are regulated.
- the control valve are both individual openings controllable as well as mixed operations possible, so that to other control and regulating members in the cooling and heating circuit can be waived.
- control valve Due to the design of the control valve as a rotary valve with the axial supply or discharge of the cooling medium and the inlet or outlet openings on the circumference
- the pump housing results in no resulting Forces on the rotary valve, so that one with small Setting and holding forces for the rotary valve manages.
- control valve only small Pressure losses on, at the same time high speeds.
- the axial opening in the rotary valve is used for supply of cooling medium in its interior when the Rotary slide on the pressure side of the pumping device is arranged, in which case in the peripheral wall the pump housing arranged openings Outlet openings for forwarding the cooling medium represent.
- the discharge takes place from cooling medium through the axial opening to the suction side the pump and, correspondingly, a supply to the rotary valve interior over the control opening through in the Peripheral wall of the pump housing arranged openings.
- One possible embodiment when using a Actuator for the rotary valve is that next to the partial circuit for the radiator line another Partial circuit for a short circuit circulation line and a third subcircuit for a heat exchanger a heating circuit are provided. Alternatively or in combination can also be a partial cycle for an additional heater and / or an exhaust heat exchanger be provided.
- the water pump shown in the figures is basically of known type, which is why only to the essential parts of the invention in more detail will be received.
- the water pump may e.g. as Pumping device arranged in a pump housing 1 Centrifugal pump with one in a spiral channel 2 be arranged impeller 3.
- the impeller 3 is in known manner by a drive motor 4 driven.
- Alternatively to the drive via the drive motor 4 is also a mechanical drive over one of the Internal combustion engine driven belt drive, e.g. With a V-belt, conceivable for the water pump.
- a control valve 5 arranged with a rotary valve 6 in sleeve form, wherein the longitudinal axis of the rotary valve coaxial with Pump longitudinal axis and the impeller 3 is located.
- a axial collecting opening 7 of the rotary valve 6 forms a Inlet opening to the impeller 3 of the water pump.
- a with a radiator not shown connected cooler line 8 opens with an inlet opening 9 in the Peripheral wall of the pump housing 1.
- FIG Peripheral wall of the pump housing 1 additionally with two further inlet openings 10 and 11 are provided, the for further partial circuits of the cooling medium in the Cooling circuit are provided.
- the collection port 7 side facing away from the rotary valve. 6 closed on the front and on this side too with a servomotor 12 for rotating the rotary valve Provided.
- the rotary valve 6 is in its peripheral wall with a Control opening 13 provided. About the control port 13 takes place in dependence on the rotational position of the rotary valve 6 a connection from the inlet opening 9, 10 or 11 to the collection port 7 and thus a connection to the suction side of the impeller 3 of the water pump.
- FIGs 4 to 7 are different control positions the control device 1 shown. So shows Fig. 4 shows the position in normal operation "cooling".
- Fig. 5 is a first mixing operation in the warm-up phase of the engine during simultaneous heating operation, wherein the inlet opening 9 of the radiator line shut off and the inlet openings 10 and 11 for the Short circuit circulation line and for the heating circuit are open.
- Fig. 6 shows a second mixing operation in the phase "warm-up and cooling", where the heating circuit is shut off.
- FIG. 7 shows a third mixing operation in FIG Phase "heating and cooling", wherein the inlet opening 10th is shut off for the short circuit circuit line.
- heating circuit can also be a second Short circuit, e.g. for the cylinder head, provided his.
- the rotary valve 6 can be any circuit switch separately. In addition, between each two circuits set any mixing stages his.
- inlet openings 9, 10 and 11 are all three inlet openings 9, 10 and 11 in the same radial plane, which achieves a very short construction length becomes.
- a circumferential opening can also be used as a partial circuit for an additional heater or an exhaust gas heat exchanger provided his. Also combinations of different subcircuits are self-evident in the context of the invention possible.
- the embodiment is not only the entire control valve in the pump housing 1 of Water pump integrated, but the same applies to one electrical and also an electronic interface, wherein via the electrical interface a central Power supply of the water pump and the servomotor 12 is provided from the electrical system.
- An electronic Interface serves as a central connection for a data exchange, for setpoint specifications and for another exchange of information. You can do this the two interfaces in a common housing 14 sitting on the pump housing 1 and the drive motor 4 is flanged.
- control valve By integrating the control valve in the pump housing 1 offers the possibility of the flow all important partial flows in a cooling circuit turn. By the integration is also continued a compact, cost-saving and reliable design a central working and control organ for the vehicle repair possible. A regulatory organ for The speed of the water pump is thus about the control function extended for the control valve 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
- Sliding Valves (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Pompe à eau pour le circuit de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant un carter de pompe (1) et un dispositif de pompage entraíné dans le carter de pompe (1), une soupape de commande (5) comprenant un tiroir rotatif (6) étant intégrée dans le carter de pompe (1), et le tiroir rotatif (6) présentant la forme du moins approximative d'une douille et étant muni d'un orifice collecteur axial (7) pour amener et évacuer un fluide de refroidissement vers le côté aspiration ou le côté refoulement du dispositif de pompage (3),
caractérisée en ce que dans la paroi périphérique du carter de pompe (1) des orifices d'admission ou d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) sont prévus pour une conduite de radiateur (8) pouvant être reliée au radiateur et pour deux ou plusieurs autres circuits partiels, le tiroir rotatif (6) présentant dans sa paroi périphérique un orifice de commande (13) d'une largeur d'ouverture par laquelle est réalisée une communication depuis l'orifice collecteur (7) vers un orifice d'admission ou d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) unique, ou une communication chevauchante pour un fonctionnement mixte vers deux orifices d'admission ou d'écoulement voisins l'un de l'autre, et dans ou sur le carter de pompe (1) une interface électrique pour une alimentation en énergie centrale depuis le réseau de bord et une interface électronique pour une connexion centrale pour un échange de données, pour des indications de valeurs de consigne ou pour un autre échange d'informations étant prévues. - Pompe à eau selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que les deux interfaces sont disposées dans un carter (14) commun qui est bridé sur le carter de pompe (1). - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2,
caractérisée en ce que le tiroir rotatif (6) est muni d'un moteur de commande (12). - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
caractérisée en ce que le deuxième circuit partiel (10 ou 11) est prévu pour une conduite de circuit court-circuité de l'eau de refroidissement. - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
caractérisée en ce que le troisième circuit partiel (10) est prévu pour un circuit de chauffage. - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
caractérisée en ce que le deuxième ou le troisième circuit partiel (10 ou 11) est prévu pour un chauffage d'appoint et/ou pour un dispositif échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement. - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
caractérisée en ce que les orifices d'admission ou d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) se situent dans un même plan radial du carter de pompe (1). - Pompe à eau selon la revendication 7,
caractérisée en ce que les distances angulaires entre les orifices d'admission et d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) sont réparties régulièrement sur la périphérie du carter de pompe (1). - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
caractérisée en ce que des tubulures de raccordement sont déviées des orifices d'admission ou d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) dans un angle incliné par rapport à la radiale. - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle peut être entraínée électriquement par un moteur d'entraínement (4). - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle peut être entraínée mécaniquement par un mécanisme à courroie entraíné par le moteur à combustion interne. - Pompe à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11,
caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de pompage présente la forme d'une pompe centrifuge.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19809123 | 1998-03-04 | ||
DE19809123A DE19809123B4 (de) | 1998-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | Wasserpumpe für den Kühlkreislauf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0940565A2 EP0940565A2 (fr) | 1999-09-08 |
EP0940565A3 EP0940565A3 (fr) | 2000-03-01 |
EP0940565B1 true EP0940565B1 (fr) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=7859612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99101947A Expired - Lifetime EP0940565B1 (fr) | 1998-03-04 | 1999-01-30 | Pompe à eau pour le circuit de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6257177B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0940565B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3338954B2 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19809123B4 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6887046B2 (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2005-05-03 | Flowork Systems Ii Llc | Coolant pump, mainly for automotive use |
DE19921421A1 (de) * | 1999-05-08 | 2000-11-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Pumpe für einen Kühl- oder Heizkreislauf in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DE19943981A1 (de) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-15 | Behr Thermot Tronik Gmbh & Co | Ventil zum Regeln der Temperatur eines Verbrennungsmotors |
DE19948890A1 (de) * | 1999-10-11 | 2001-04-19 | Reinz Dichtungs Gmbh | Oszillierender Kühlwasserkeislauf |
DE19957145C2 (de) * | 1999-11-27 | 2002-10-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Vorrichtung zum Umwälzen von Kühlflüssigkeit und Steuern von Kühlmittelströmen eines Kühlsystems |
DE10007105A1 (de) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Wilo Gmbh | Elektrisch-Hydraulische Schnittstelle |
DE10007088A1 (de) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Wilo Gmbh | Steuervorrichtung für Pumpe und Ventil |
DE10047387B4 (de) * | 2000-09-25 | 2013-09-12 | GPM Geräte- und Pumpenbau GmbH Dr. Eugen Schmidt, Merbelsrod | Elektrisch angetriebene Kühlmittelpumpe |
US6681805B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2004-01-27 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Automotive coolant control valve |
SE523621C2 (sv) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-05-04 | Saab Automobile | Pumparrangemang för ett kylsystem till en förbränningsmotor |
DE10202086B4 (de) * | 2002-01-21 | 2005-12-08 | Webasto Ag | Kühlmittelpumpe |
US6539899B1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-04-01 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Rotary valve for single-point coolant diversion in engine cooling system |
DE10207653C1 (de) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-25 | Gpm Geraete Und Pumpenbau Gmbh | Elektrische Kühlmittelpumpe mit integriertem Ventil, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Steuerung |
DE10222758A1 (de) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kühlmittelpumpe für einen Kühlkreislauf einer Brennkraftmaschine und Drehschieberventil |
DE10332050B4 (de) * | 2002-07-15 | 2016-07-28 | Tesma International Inc. | Proportionalventil |
DE10314526B4 (de) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-11-29 | Geräte- und Pumpenbau GmbH Dr. Eugen Schmidt | Kühlmittelpumpe, insbesondere strömungsgekühlte elekrische Kühlmittelpumpe mit integriertem Wegeventil |
DE20313360U1 (de) † | 2003-08-27 | 2003-11-06 | Oase Wübker GmbH & Co. KG, 48477 Hörstel | Teichpumpe mit einstellbarem Ansaugvolumen |
ATE376121T1 (de) * | 2003-12-15 | 2007-11-15 | Inergy Automotive Systems Res | Elektronisch gesteuertes elektromagnetisches ventil |
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FR2916479B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-25 | 2012-12-21 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Module pour un circuit de refroidissement d'un moteur de vehicule automobile. |
DE102008006450B4 (de) | 2008-01-29 | 2013-08-08 | Audi Ag | Mehrwegeventil für einen Flüssigkeitskreislauf |
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DE102008007766A1 (de) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-13 | Audi Ag | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
DE102008013675B4 (de) | 2008-03-11 | 2017-12-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Innere Gestaltung des Gehäuses einer Kühlmittelpumpe mit mehreren Auslasskanälen |
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EP3376038B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-14 | 2021-07-28 | Grundfos Holding A/S | Groupe motopompe |
EP3376052B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-15 | 2020-11-04 | Grundfos Holding A/S | Groupe pompe centrifuge |
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DE1779921C3 (de) * | 1965-11-19 | 1982-11-25 | Beteiligungs-AG für Haustechnik, Genève | Mit einer Heizungsumwälzpumpe zusammenarbeitendes Mischventil |
DE2751201C2 (de) * | 1977-11-16 | 1986-04-24 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Flüssigkeitskühlsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
JPS58110808A (ja) | 1981-12-24 | 1983-07-01 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | エンジン冷却水用サ−モスタツト |
JPS58121379A (ja) | 1982-01-13 | 1983-07-19 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | エンジン冷却水用サ−モスタツト |
DE3328028A1 (de) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-02-23 | National Research Development Corp., London | Brennkraftmaschine |
JPS60237116A (ja) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-11-26 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | エンジンの冷却制御方法及び装置 |
JPS6485419A (en) | 1987-09-28 | 1989-03-30 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Photoelectric switch |
JP2767995B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1998-06-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関の冷却装置 |
DE9013459U1 (de) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-01-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kühlsystem für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE4125366C1 (de) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-03-11 | Eberspaecher J | Verwendung von 3/2-Wegeventilen |
DE4324749A1 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-26 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Regelventil |
DE9419818U1 (de) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-03-16 | Lübeck, Tino, 44866 Bochum | Regelbare elektrische Wasserpumpe zur Kühlung von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
DE4416039C1 (de) * | 1994-05-06 | 1995-08-31 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Regelventil |
DE4438552C1 (de) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-03-14 | Daimler Benz Ag | Temperaturregelvorrichtung für den Kühlkreislauf einer flüssigkeitsgekühlten Brennkraftmaschine |
JP3557683B2 (ja) | 1995-01-24 | 2004-08-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用冷却水温度制御システム |
JP3555269B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 2004-08-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用冷却水温度制御システム |
-
1998
- 1998-03-04 DE DE19809123A patent/DE19809123B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-01-30 DE DE59910681T patent/DE59910681D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-30 EP EP99101947A patent/EP0940565B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-03 JP JP09918899A patent/JP3338954B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-04 US US09/262,180 patent/US6257177B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3338954B2 (ja) | 2002-10-28 |
DE19809123A1 (de) | 1999-09-16 |
DE19809123B4 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
DE59910681D1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
US6257177B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
EP0940565A3 (fr) | 2000-03-01 |
JPH11336547A (ja) | 1999-12-07 |
EP0940565A2 (fr) | 1999-09-08 |
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