EP0918120A2 - Grabkammer mit einem einen Hohlraum bildenden Unterteil - Google Patents
Grabkammer mit einem einen Hohlraum bildenden Unterteil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0918120A2 EP0918120A2 EP98710018A EP98710018A EP0918120A2 EP 0918120 A2 EP0918120 A2 EP 0918120A2 EP 98710018 A EP98710018 A EP 98710018A EP 98710018 A EP98710018 A EP 98710018A EP 0918120 A2 EP0918120 A2 EP 0918120A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grave
- chamber according
- cover
- digging
- seal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H13/00—Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
- E04H13/005—Ventilation systems therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H13/00—Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H13/00—Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
- E04H13/001—Accessories for grave sites, e.g. liners, covers, vault lowering devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a burial chamber with a cavity forming lower part, a one-part or multi-part cover, one Gravestone foundation and preferably at least one air opening.
- Such burial chambers which are preferably cast from concrete, are well known. They are buried in the area of the burial ground and covered with earth.
- the floor of the burial chamber is open or closed and in its upper area an air opening is usually provided through the gases generated in the burial chamber are fed to a filter and the air flows in and out in the event of atmospheric pressure fluctuations leaves.
- the invention has for its object such a burial chamber to further develop that it no longer has to be deeply buried, but can be placed relatively close to the surface of the earth.
- the invention is based on the finding that burial chambers are not only relatively deep in the ground for aesthetic and traditional reasons be arranged, but also between the lid and cavity escaping gases through an earth structure of sufficient layer height need to be filtered.
- burial chambers have an air opening reusable seal between burial chamber and Grave chamber cover was not possible, and therefore the Burial chambers sunk relatively deep into the ground. This leads to elaborate Excavation work and difficult support work in the area of mostly relatively narrow grave field.
- the solution according to the invention enables the burial chamber directly to be placed below the surface of the earth, the upper part of the Burial chamber can even lie above the surface of the earth.
- the necessary Excavation work is thus greatly reduced and in areas with high levels Groundwater is a burial in burial chambers without expensive Allows drainage work.
- the solution according to the invention also allows the Form the burial chamber cover as a grave slab or directly on the Grave chamber cover to arrange a grave slab.
- the grave slab can also a provisional grave slab that will only be used during burial covers the area underneath odor-tight. This is particularly the case with double occupancy is an advantage.
- a preferred embodiment of the burial chamber provides that the Seal is arranged horizontally. Preferably on one A horizontal seal is arranged through the the cover lying thereon is subjected to surface pressure and thus seals.
- the seal can understandably on both the lid and Lower burial chamber part can be arranged.
- the seal is essentially vertical Seals direction. Especially in areas where there is a horizontal Area for placing the seal is not possible, can with a in vertical direction seal, such as one Lip seal, a sufficient sealing effect can be achieved.
- the lower part partially over the lid arranged element.
- One pulled around the lid like this Element allows you to slide the lid underneath to get a good one To achieve a seal between the lid and the cavity.
- the lower part has a gravestone base, which is undercut. This allows the element arranged above or behind the cover as Use gravestone base.
- the above element facilitates the positioning of the lid because the protruding element prevents damage to the headstone.
- the above element allows, under the above Element to provide a support for a seal.
- the Burial chamber which is a maximum length of 2.40 m 2.45 m, have the largest possible reduction dimension.
- Under The length of the cavity arranged in the burial chamber is the measure of reduction Roger that.
- That which is at least partly arranged over the lid Element is preferably designed and can be a gravestone base either cast in during the manufacture of the burial chamber or can be retrofitted.
- the design of the burial chamber with undercut Plinth also enables many to be installed Grave chambers side by side in a confined space.
- a special embodiment of the burial chamber provides that the Lower part has a tombstone base and the seal in this Seals area essentially in the horizontal direction.
- the cover is made of several parts, it is proposed that also seals are arranged between the cover parts.
- a sealed line or a filter housing is arranged. This makes possible it to arrange the air opening anywhere in the burial chamber.
- the burial chamber is therefore sufficiently thick at any point Bore that allows filter material to be filled in or a filter cartridge to use.
- This hole or opening is on the inside of the burial chamber preferably closed by an open-pore filter pad and for A perforated rain cap is provided on the outside, one Allows air exchange and moisture penetration into the Prevented burial chamber.
- a filter is arranged so that it from the grave area can be filled.
- the filling opening can either lead to the burial chamber cavity be open or preferably above the burial chamber cover in order to refill filter material even after closing the burial chamber or to be able to exchange.
- the filter is in a tombstone base is arranged.
- a preferred embodiment provides that the lid as Plant trough is formed.
- the Cover at least one drainage opening above the Plant trough bottom to prevent backwater in the plant trough.
- the cover can also be assigned to the tombstone Part of the area can be designed as a plant trough or planted area and the rest Be walkable or passable area.
- An embodiment variant provides that the cover is a partition arranged so that two plant troughs are formed.
- the cover can have a tombstone foundation.
- the lid which can also be designed as a plant trough, lighter to stand out from the lower part, it is suggested that it be in its upper Area has a larger cross-sectional area than in its lower area having.
- a stepped side wall makes it easier Lift out the lid, because the lid is easy to use Lifting tools can be gripped and on the other hand the friction between the lid and the earth while lifting the lid is reduced.
- At least one side wall of the cover in it Extent is arranged obliquely upwards.
- Such a weird one Arrangement for example 3 - 5 °, leads to at least one of the side walls to a conical burial chamber cover that is particularly easy to remove from the Soil has to be lifted out and the earth has slipped Removing the lid prevented.
- the Has lid attachment means for lifting tools.
- special anchors or simple gradations can be provided in the cover his.
- the lids - especially if they are designed as a plant trough - are relatively heavy, they must be crane-like in the cemetery area Tools are lifted. These tools need to be relatively tight Grabfeld Scheme be supported to the weight of the lid to be able to record. Because of the loose earth in the grave field area need particularly large areas as a support for these tools be provided. Because this is more difficult in the cemetery area caused, it is proposed that the lower part support for a Has lifting device.
- the lower part is firmly in the ground and is made of one preferably made of hard material, so that for example Cast-on lower part is an ideal support for a lifting device Lift off the lid.
- the Bearings have a horizontal surface.
- the supports are different Arrange positions of the lower part. It has proven to be advantageous the supports in the area of the center of gravity of the cover on the long sides to arrange the lower part. This allows the use of a relative simple lifting tool because of the close arrangement of The center of gravity of the cover and the support only result in short lever arms.
- An alternative embodiment provides that the supports in the area of the longitudinal end, preferably in the region of the tombstone base are. Because larger lifting tools, especially at the longitudinal ends of the Grave chamber can be arranged, enables one in the area of the longitudinal end arranged support the positioning of the load lifting tool outside the grave field area.
- Figures 1 and 2 show a burial chamber 1 from the lower part 2 and cover 3.
- an air opening 4 for the Filter housing provided, and above that is a headstone base 5 arranged.
- the lower part of the burial chamber 2 is a trough-like container with a large one Bottom opening 6 (which can also be omitted), towards which the bottom 7 of the lower part 2 is slightly sloping.
- the inside or foundations 6 ', 6' 'molded or cast on the outside are dimensioned in such a way that they take the loads out of the chamber and any traffic loads remove safely.
- the foundations can point inwards or towards be arranged on the outside. Pointing inwards becomes a space-saving one They can be set up and pointing outwards as Spacers and buoyancy protection serve.
- the walls 8 and 9 can be conical and are arranged perpendicular to the ground and on the top of the side walls (not shown) and that of the headstone base 5 opposite end wall 9 is a circumferential seal 10 hung up.
- This circumferential seal 10 is in the range of Gravestone base or foundation 5 on a paragraph 15, which as horizontal flat surface above the wall 8 is formed in that the gravestone foundation 5 is arranged somewhat offset.
- the tombstone foundation 5 is supported by two ribs 16 that are on both sides of the air opening 4 are arranged.
- a bore 17 on the The top of the base foundation 5 is used to position the tombstone (not shown) on the tombstone foundation.
- the lid 3 is designed as a planting trough in the present case and it has therefore a bottom 12 and side walls 13, 14, which are a trough-like Limit containers.
- the burial chamber When using the described burial chamber, the burial chamber sunk in the ground or placed on the ground and all around the site filled so that the gravestone base 5 is underground or slightly out protrudes from the earth. Then the cover 3 on the circumferential Seal 10 placed so that the wall 13 of the lid 3 with intermediate seal 11 abuts the gravestone base 5.
- the seals 10 and 11 can be plastic or elastic. It is essential that a good seal between the lower part 2 and the lid 3 is effected so that the gases arising in the burial chamber 1 leave the burial chamber only via the air opening 4. Gases that leave the burial chamber via the bottom opening 6 are less critical, because they first have to flow through the earth to reach the surface reach.
- the soil serves as a biofilter, the Odor nuisance prevented.
- FIGS Burial chamber 20 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS Burial chamber 20 shown.
- This burial chamber 20 in turn consists of a lower part 21 and a cover 22.
- the lower part 21 is in essentially as in the burial chamber according to FIG. 1. in the Gravestone base 23, however, a recess 24 is provided, into which a engage the above element 25 on the end face 26 of the cover 22 can.
- a recess 24 is provided, into which a engage the above element 25 on the end face 26 of the cover 22 can.
- the cover 22 is used as a planting trough educated. For drainage, it has drainage openings 28, 29 on, and lifting the lid is done by attachment means 30, 31 for a Load lifting tool (not shown) relieved.
- Gases generated in the area of the burial chamber 20 are thus by the Seals 27 and 34 prevented from escaping and get only in the tube 33 leading to a filter (not shown).
- the described burial chamber covers 3 and 22 can be in their Cross section have different shapes. Examples of this are in the Figures 5 and 6 shown and are different depending on the application Cross-sectional shapes are an advantage.
- the bottom of the burial chamber cover can easily protruding elements can be arranged that centering the lid or Lighten plant troughs.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of a planting trough trained burial chamber cover has one assigned to the tombstone Part of the area for planting and the rest of the area is accessible or designed to be drivable.
- Cross sections for such training are shown in Figure 7.
- FIG. 8 This trained as a plant trough Grave chamber cover 35 consists of a first trough part 36 and a second trough part 37, which is also designed as a walking or driving surface can be arranged side by side. The point of contact between the plant trough halves is sealed by a seal 38.
- Figures 9 and 10 show two options, directly in the Arrange a filter housing in the burial chamber. This is in the area of Grave chamber base 42 has a bore 43 arranged from the rear of the gravestone base 42 leads to the cavity formed by the lower part.
- FIG. 11 shows the structure of a simple burial chamber lower part 40.
- a seal is on a circumferential upper contact surface 41 can be arranged and a gravestone base 42 is provided on one end face.
- Embodiment of a burial chamber lower part 50 shown on both Side surfaces of the lower part 50 each have a support 51, 52 with a horizontal surface 53, 54 provided. These supports 51 and 52 serve to support a lifting device that a burial chamber cover touches down or removed. The supports 51 and 52 are therefore in the area of Center of gravity of the lid on the long sides 55, 56 of the Grave chamber lower part 50 attached.
- FIG Figure 14 Another embodiment of a burial chamber lower part 70 is shown in FIG Figure 14.
- the supports 71, 72 are on both sides of the gravestone base 73 arranged.
- FIG. 15 An example of a load lifting tool for putting on and removing Figure 15 shows the burial chamber lids.
- the lifting tool 80 consists of a front part 81 with front axle 82 and a rear Vehicle frame 83 with a rear axle 84.
- In the area of the rear axle 84 are two in the direction of the vehicle about a horizontal axis 85 pivotably arranged lever arms 86, 87 arranged in the in the present case supported on the supports 71, 72 of a burial chamber 70 are.
- the vehicle 80 is supported against lateral tipping over.
- the lifting arm 88 is either as a telescopic arm or as bent arm executed so that it easily on the Point 89 can grab the burial chamber cover 90.
- the load lifting tool is used to lift off a burial chamber cover 90 80 first arranged transversely to the burial chamber 70. Then be the support lever 86, 87 lowered on the support 71, 72 to the Stabilize lifting tool 80. Finally, the telescopic arm 88 led to the cover 90, around the cover 90 by means of the telescopic arm lift off, swivel to the vehicle and on a loading area 91 of the To drop vehicle 80.
- FIG. 16 shows a burial chamber 92 arranged in the ground 91 Grave chamber 92 is so far covered by soil 91 that only the top of the gravestone base 93 looks out of the ground 91.
- An air line 94 arranged in the burial chamber wall houses one Filter and the air line 94 leads to a gravel bed 95 as there is one Air exchange between the atmosphere and the cavity 96 of the Burial chamber 92 allowed.
- the cavity 96 of the burial chamber 92 has one Lid from individual cover plates 97 on each other and for Grave chamber walls are sealed.
- the bottom of the burial chamber 92 has a larger foundation 98 for intercepting the burial chamber load and the weight of the gravestone placed on it and a smaller one Foundation 99, which is arranged opposite the foundation 98.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- einen Schnitt durch ein Grabkammerunterteil,
- Figur 2
- einen Schnitt durch einen zum in Figur 1 gezeigten Grabkammerunterteil passenden Pflanztrog,
- Figur 3
- einen Schnitt durch ein Grabkammerunterteil mit unterschnittenem Grabsteinsockel,
- Figur 4
- einen Schnitt durch einen zum in Figur 3 gezeigten Grabkammerunterteil passenden Pflanztrog,
- Figur 5
- einen Schnitt durch einen anderen Pflanztrog,
- Figur 6
- einen Schnitt durch einen Pflanztrog im Bereich der Entwässerungsöffnung,
- Figur 7
- Schnitte durch einen Pflanztrog mit begehbarer Fläche,
- Figur 8
- einen Schnitt durch einen zweiteiligen Pflanztrog,
- Figur 9
- einen Schnitt durch einen Grabkammersockel mit Filteröffnung,
- Figur 10
- einen Schnitt durch einen Grabkammersockel mit von der Grabfläche befüllbarer Filteröffnung,
- Figur 11
- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer einfachen Ausführungform eines Grabkammerunterteils,
- Figur 12
- eine Darstellung eines Grabkammerunterteils mit mittig angeordneten Auflagern,
- Figur 13
- eine Ansicht eines Grabkammerunterteils mit endseitig angeordneten Auflagern,
- Figur 14
- eine Ansicht eines Grabkammerunterteils mit Auflagern im Bereich eines Grabsteinsockels,
- Figur 15
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Lasthebewerkzeuges und
- Figur 16
- Schnitte durch eine in der Erde angeordnete Grabkammer.
Claims (24)
- Grabkammer (1) mit einem einen Hohlraum bildenden Unterteil (2), einem ein- oder mehrteiligen Deckel (3), einem Grabsteinfundament (5) und vorzugsweise mindestens einer Luftöffnung (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Unterteil (2) und dem Deckel (3) eine Dichtung (10) angeordnet ist, die im Bereich des Grabsteinfundamentes (5) auf einem Absatz (15) aufliegt.
- Grabkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtung (10) horizontal verlaufend angeordnet ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtung (10) im wesentlichen in vertikaler Richtung abdichtet.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (2) ein zum Teil über dem Deckel (3) angeordnetes Element (5) aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (2) einen Grabsteinsockel (5) aufweist, der unterschnitten ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (2) einen Grabsteinsockel (5) aufweist und die Dichtung (11) in diesem Bereich im wesentlichen in horizontaler Richtung abdichtet.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (35) mehrteilig ausgebildet ist und zwischen den Deckelteilen (36, 37) Dichtungen (38) angeordnet sind.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Luftöffnung (32) eine abgedichtete Leitung (33) oder ein Filtergehäuse angeordnet ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der Grabkammer ein Filtergehäuse bildet.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Filter von der Grabflache her befüllbar angeordnet ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Filter in einem Grabsteinsockel angeordnet ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) als Pflanztrog ausgebildet ist.
- Grabkammer nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) eine Trennwand aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, daß zwei Pflanztröge gebildet werden.
- Grabkammer nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) mindestens eine Entwässerungsöffnung (28, 29) oberhalb des Trogbodens aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) ein Grabsteinfundament (5) aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel eine begehbare oder befahrbare Zone aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) in seinem oberen Bereich eine größere Querschnittsfläche als in seinem unteren Bereich aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Seitenwand (14) des Deckels (3) in ihrer Erstreckung nach oben schräg angeordnet ist.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) und oder das Unterteil (2) Ansatzmittel für Lasthebewerkzeuge (80) ausweist.
- Grabkammer nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ansatzmittel (30, 31) entfernbar angeordnet sind.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (2) Auflager (51, 52) für ein Hebegerät (80) aufweist.
- Grabkammer nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflager (51, 52) waagerechte Oberflächen (53, 54) aufweisen.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflager (51, 52) im Bereich des Schwerpunkts des Deckels (3) an den Längsseiten (55, 56) des Unterteils (50) angeordnet sind.
- Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflager (71, 72) im Bereich eines Längsendes, vorzugsweise im Bereich des Grabsteinsockels (73) angeordnet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19751753 | 1997-11-21 | ||
DE19751753 | 1997-11-21 | ||
DE19850083 | 1998-10-30 | ||
DE19850083 | 1998-10-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0918120A2 true EP0918120A2 (de) | 1999-05-26 |
EP0918120A3 EP0918120A3 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=26041820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98710018A Withdrawn EP0918120A3 (de) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-11-20 | Grabkammer mit einem einen Hohlraum bildenden Unterteil |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0918120A3 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2034633A (en) * | 1935-07-01 | 1936-03-17 | Josiah H Roberts | Vault |
US3464171A (en) * | 1967-11-20 | 1969-09-02 | Wilbert Inc | Burial vaults |
DE2059547A1 (de) * | 1970-12-03 | 1972-06-08 | Freinecker Karl | Gruft |
FR2552807B2 (fr) * | 1983-09-29 | 1987-09-11 | Bourachot Antoine | Caveau funeraire industrialise, comportant un dispositif d'epuration, utilisable en souterrain ou aerien |
FR2577965A1 (fr) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-08-29 | Kauric Ivan | Tombeau complet prefabrique et pret a la pose instantanee |
DE19613380C1 (de) * | 1996-04-03 | 1997-05-15 | Reinhard Martin | Belüftungssystem für eine Grabkammer |
-
1998
- 1998-11-20 EP EP98710018A patent/EP0918120A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0918120A3 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
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