EP0696336B1 - Dichtungsanordnung für eine durchführung einer welle durch ein gehäuse sowie verfahren zu ihrem betrieb - Google Patents

Dichtungsanordnung für eine durchführung einer welle durch ein gehäuse sowie verfahren zu ihrem betrieb Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0696336B1
EP0696336B1 EP94912461A EP94912461A EP0696336B1 EP 0696336 B1 EP0696336 B1 EP 0696336B1 EP 94912461 A EP94912461 A EP 94912461A EP 94912461 A EP94912461 A EP 94912461A EP 0696336 B1 EP0696336 B1 EP 0696336B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
fluid
chamber
seal arrangement
suction device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94912461A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0696336A1 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang Lehmann
Detlef Friebe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0696336A1 publication Critical patent/EP0696336A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0696336B1 publication Critical patent/EP0696336B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis to pass through a fixed housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a ring surrounding the shaft, adjacent to seals along the axis and by at least one through the seals with the fluid-loaded vapor chamber, which is open to the environment.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a sealing arrangement.
  • the invention relates in particular to a sealing arrangement for use on a steam turbine in order to seal a passage of a rotating shaft from a housing of the steam turbine.
  • Steam that exits the housing through a seal along the shaft is collected in a vapor chamber and released into the environment.
  • This vapor changes into mist due to condensation and is therefore visible on the sealing arrangement as a "vapor flag".
  • a simple function check for the sealing arrangement.
  • Such a simple function check is particularly interesting and in many cases desirable on a steam turbine for industrial purposes, the output of which is usually between approximately 1 MW and approximately 50 MW; In the case of such a steam turbine, the stress on the environment caused by a vapor vane is generally kept within acceptable limits.
  • Sealing arrangements for the passage of shafts are known in various forms in the prior art; in particular, there is a large variety of design options for the individual components of the sealing arrangements, in particular the seals themselves.
  • Sealing arrangements for use on steam turbines emerge from DE 26 43 484 A1 and DE 33 33 530 A1; Various design options for components of the sealing arrangements are also described in these documents.
  • EP 0 463 532 A1 relates to the disposal of steam which emerges from a sealing arrangement, this steam being condensed in a so-called "vapor condenser arrangement".
  • the main focus in this document is on the design of the vapor condenser itself. This is designed in particular as a pressure-less heat exchanger, which means that the vapor condensation takes place in it at about normal atmospheric pressure. Vapors are not released into the environment, but the vapors are fully condensed.
  • GB-PS 1 267 548 also relates to a sealing arrangement on a steam turbine of the type described in EP 0 463 532 A1.
  • the sealing arrangement should not only be usable for the passage of a rotating shaft, in particular an output shaft of a steam turbine, but also for the passage of a valve spindle which is displaceable and not necessarily rotatable along its axis.
  • the term "shaft” is to be interpreted here to include rotatable shafts and displaceable spindles.
  • Seals for sealing arrangements of the type described are described in function and design in the book "Thermal Turbomachinery” by W. Traupel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1977, Vol. 1, Chap. 10. Seals in particular of the type of the labyrinth seals are described in detail; other seals, in particular stuffing box seals, in particular stuffing box seals with carbon rings, are only mentioned in passing and are said to be disadvantageous for steam turbines in power plants. However, this remark obviously does not refer to the use of glands and / or carbon rings in seals for steam turbines intended for industrial purposes; According to DE 26 43 484 A1 and DE 33 33 530 A1, carbon ring seals are very common in such steam turbines.
  • a sealing arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, together with a method for its operation, can be found in DE-PS 567 969.
  • the device described there provides for the application of several vapor chambers in different sealing arrangements with fluid, namely steam, from a single source. This is intended to relieve the environment of vapor from the steam, since in order to ensure a sufficient overpressure in each vapor chamber it is only necessary that fluid flows out of only a single sealing arrangement, namely that sealing arrangement in which the fluid between the vapor chamber and the chimney passes through which the fluid is blown off finds the least resistance.
  • DE-PS 451 680 relates to a differently designed sealing arrangement.
  • This sealing arrangement is characterized in that a vacuum is maintained in a chamber surrounding the shaft, which lies furthest along the shaft, which causes air to be drawn into the chamber along the shaft. This is to ensure that no steam gets into the environment.
  • the negative pressure is produced by an appropriately provided suction device which discharges the mixture of air and steam formed in the chamber into a chimney or into a recovery system.
  • a sealing arrangement of the type described at the outset always has, as already stated, a certain load of vapors in the environment which, under certain circumstances, may require special precautions for air pollution control.
  • the reliability of a function check using a vapor flag is only limited, since minor changes are difficult to detect.
  • the functional check must therefore essentially be limited to determining whether damage to the sealing arrangement has already occurred or not.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sealing arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which both restricts the load on the environment and provides reliable diagnosis, i.e. in particular, it allows a reliable determination that damage is in the offing.
  • a method for operating such a sealing arrangement is also to be specified.
  • a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis is passed through a fixed housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a ring surrounding the shaft, adjacent to and along the axis of seals along the axis one of the seals through which the fluid can be applied to the vapor chamber, which is open to the environment, in which the vapor chamber is additionally connected to a suction device, the suction device being connected upstream of a control valve with which the suction effect can be adjusted.
  • the suction device With the suction device, it is possible to partially extract the fluid from the vapor chamber and thus to reduce the pollution of the environment; In addition, it can be achieved by suitable design and adjustment of the suction device that a well-defined, largely constant portion is sucked off from the fluid delivered to the vapor chamber as a whole, so that fluctuations in the delivery of the fluid through the seal relate solely to the rest released into the environment impact.
  • small fluctuations in the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber can cause large fluctuations in the outflow of the fluid into the environment, which can be detected easily and with the simplest means, in particular by just looking. In this way, a sensitive control of the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber, and thus a sensitive control of the sealing effect, of the sealing arrangement is possible.
  • the vapor chamber is connected to the environment via a vapor tube and the suction device is connected to the vapor tube.
  • the reaction of the suction device to a flow of the fluid in the seals and in the vapor chamber is thus kept low and the mode of operation of the seal arrangement is improved.
  • the control valve is used for sensitive adjustment of the flow balance formed with the suction device.
  • a jet pump in the manner of a steam jet pump is particularly suitable as a suction device, in which the fluid with which the housing is acted on serves as a propellant and is preferably supplied from the interior of the housing.
  • the thus strengthened sealing arrangement works largely independently next to the housing and the device accommodated in the housing, which significantly supports its operational safety.
  • a sealing chamber which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent to the seals on both sides along the axis and which can be supplied with fluid via an associated supply line, is furthermore preferably arranged in the sealing arrangement between the vapor chamber and the interior.
  • a barrier chamber can perform several functions: it can serve to provide defined thermodynamic conditions, in particular a defined pressure, in front of the vapor chamber, regardless of the conditions in the interior, in order to ensure that the seal leading to the vapor chamber is largely independent of the operation.
  • it can be ensured by appropriate adjustment of the pressure in the barrier chamber that the ingress of air into the interior is prevented; For this purpose, a corresponding overpressure must be set in the barrier chamber.
  • the supply line belonging to the barrier chamber is advantageously connected to the interior, in particular to an area of the interior in which there is an appropriate pressure for the barrier chamber. It should be noted that there is always a pressure drop in the interior of the housing of a working steam turbine due to the expansion of the steam along the turbine. According to the respective specification, a connection of the feed line to the inlet, outlet or to a tap of the steam turbine is possible.
  • a leakage chamber which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent along the axis on both sides of seals, from which fluid can be removed via an associated discharge line.
  • This discharge line can in particular be connected to a leakage condenser in which the discharged fluid is condensed.
  • This leakage condenser is preferably designed for condensing the fluid at a pressure which approximately corresponds to normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the leakage chamber can be used to form a defined one Pressure drop along the seal arrangement by maintaining a predetermined pressure in the leakage chamber that meets the requirements.
  • the flow of the fluid that reaches the vapor chamber can be influenced. This is particularly important if the sealing arrangement is subjected to a very high pressure from the interior of the housing, which can be the case, for example, in the area of the inflow of a steam turbine.
  • a sealing arrangement is particularly preferably designed for the simultaneous sealing of two bushings, each bushing having a vapor chamber connected to the suction device. In this way, a particularly good sealing effect can be ensured on each bushing with simple means.
  • a respective control valve is preferably located between each vapor chamber and the suction device, in order thus to enable individual adjustment of the suction effect for each vapor chamber; In this way, differences in the loading of the bushings from the interior can be compensated for. Functional differences determined in terms of production technology can also be compensated for. Larger functional differences are preferably compensated for by means of appropriate blocking and / or leakage chambers.
  • a sealing arrangement of any configuration the fluid being applied to the housing and the fluid flowing into the vapor chamber through at least one of the seals, is carried out according to the invention in such a way that the fluid is sucked out of the vapor chamber except for a remainder which is discharged into the environment is, the proportion of fluid sucked in by the suction device (8) being regulated by means of a control valve (10).
  • a predetermined constant proportion is expediently drawn off from the fluid which has flowed into the vapor chamber, so that the fluctuations in the flow acting on the vapor chamber of the fluid mainly to the rest released into the environment, and thus to the vapors.
  • This rest the can vary greatly in the event of changes in the sealing arrangement, simple inspection measures are accessible and offers an excellent possibility for function control. It is also limited in its quantity, so that it pollutes the environment to a small extent at most.
  • the sealing arrangement of any configuration is particularly suitable for use in a case in which the fluid is a vapor, preferably water vapor.
  • the remainder emerging from the sealing arrangement becomes noticeable as a cloud of fog, which is referred to as a "vapor plume". This is immediately accessible for visual monitoring; a change in the size of the cloud of fog is an immediate indication of a, possibly disadvantageous, change within the sealing arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 The only figure in the drawing shows a schematic representation of a steam turbine 16, which is located in the interior 5 of a housing 4.
  • a steam line 21 steam is supplied to the steam turbine 16, and the steam expanded in the steam turbine 16 is discharged through an exhaust steam line 22. Due to the expansion of the steam, the steam turbine 16 sets the shaft 3 in rotation about its axis 2.
  • the shaft 3 is led out of the housing 4 at two bushings 1.
  • a vapor chamber 7 which surrounds the shaft 3 and is adjacent along the axis 2 by two seals 6 each. This vapor chamber 7 flows along the shaft 3 steam and is discharged through a vapor tube 9.
  • a control valve 10 is included in each suction line 17 in order to be able to regulate the proportion of the vapor extracted from the vapor tube 9 with great care.
  • a control valve 10 it is possible to replace the control valve 10 with a fixed throttle, for example an orifice, in particular if the demands on the sealing arrangement and its monitoring are not too high.
  • a leakage chamber 13 is integrated in the bushing 1, which likewise surrounds the shaft 3 and is adjacent to it by seals 6. Steam that enters the leakage chamber 13 along the shaft 3 through these seals 6 is partially discharged through an associated discharge line 14 and supplied to a leakage condenser 15.
  • the vapor pressure in the leakage condenser 15 can be determined; in this way, in particular an adjustment of the inflow to the vapor chamber 7 is possible.
  • the need for leakage chambers 13 and the leakage condenser 15 is not always given. In particular, if the vapor pressure in the housing 4 remains relatively low, a leakage condenser 15 can be dispensed with; if necessary, steam would then have to be discharged from an optionally available leakage chamber 13 through the exhaust steam line 22.
  • the left bushing 1 is connected to the housing 4 in the vicinity of the feed line 21, so that this bushing 1 is acted upon from the interior with steam which is under very high pressure.
  • a sealing chamber 11, which surrounds the shaft 3 is provided behind a seal 6 and communicates with the exhaust line 22 via a feed line 12, and thus with an area in the interior 5, which is under low pressure is connected.
  • the load on the further components of the left bushing 1, namely the leakage chamber 13 and the vapor chamber 7 is reduced and at least partially adjusted to the load on the components of the right bushing 1, which is connected to the housing 4 in the vicinity of the exhaust pipe 22 and accordingly, the burden is significantly lower. For this reason, no barrier chamber is provided in the right bushing 1.
  • the jet pump 8 which sucks steam out of the vapor pipes 9 via suction lines 17, is operated with steam which is removed from the interior 5 via part of the exhaust steam line 22 and the feed line 12.
  • This is provided in the example shown on the assumption that the steam turbine 16 is a so-called back pressure turbine from which the steam is released under a relatively high pressure.
  • back pressure steam turbines are widely used in industry. If, in another case, the pressure in the steam line 22 is not high enough, depending on the design of the steam turbine 16, steam for the jet pump 8 can be removed at another point, in particular from the inlet or a tap of the steam turbine 16.
  • the sealing arrangement described enables a simple function check of a shaft to be carried out and also allows a significant reduction in the load on its surroundings. It is particularly qualified for use on a steam turbine, in particular on a steam turbine for an industrial purpose with a power output between approximately 1 MW and 40 MW.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP94912461A 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Dichtungsanordnung für eine durchführung einer welle durch ein gehäuse sowie verfahren zu ihrem betrieb Expired - Lifetime EP0696336B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4313805 1993-04-27
DE4313805A DE4313805A1 (de) 1993-04-27 1993-04-27 Dichtungsanordnung für zumindest eine Durchführung einer Welle durch ein Gehäuse
PCT/DE1994/000421 WO1994025738A1 (de) 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Dichtungsanordnung für eine durchführung einer welle durch ein gehäuse sowie verfahren zu ihrem betrieb

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0696336A1 EP0696336A1 (de) 1996-02-14
EP0696336B1 true EP0696336B1 (de) 1997-07-02

Family

ID=6486525

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912461A Expired - Lifetime EP0696336B1 (de) 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Dichtungsanordnung für eine durchführung einer welle durch ein gehäuse sowie verfahren zu ihrem betrieb

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5632492A (ru)
EP (1) EP0696336B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP3573748B2 (ru)
CN (1) CN1054179C (ru)
BR (1) BR9406436A (ru)
CZ (1) CZ286496B6 (ru)
DE (2) DE4313805A1 (ru)
PL (1) PL174278B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2117769C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO1994025738A1 (ru)

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WO1999017000A1 (de) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gehäuse für eine strömungsmaschine
JP4095718B2 (ja) 1998-06-04 2008-06-04 三菱重工業株式会社 蒸気タービン内部のリーク低減構造
DE19919653A1 (de) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Sperrdampfeinspeisung
US6976679B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-12-20 The Boeing Company Inter-fluid seal assembly and method therefor
EP1712816A1 (de) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dichtungssystem zur Abdichtung eines Prozessgasraumes gegen einen Dichtraum
EP1962000A1 (de) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dichtung für eine Strömungsmaschine
EP1961921A1 (de) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dichtung für eine Strömungsmaschine
DE102007037311B4 (de) 2007-08-08 2009-07-09 GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH Wellendichtung für eine Turbine für eine ORC-Anlage, ORC-Anlage mit einer derartigen Turbinenwellendichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer ORC-Anlage
US8113764B2 (en) * 2008-03-20 2012-02-14 General Electric Company Steam turbine and a method of determining leakage within a steam turbine
US8123462B2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2012-02-28 General Electric Company Pressurized sealed chamber between multiple pressurized casings of machine and related method
SG172127A1 (en) 2008-12-15 2011-07-28 Flowserve Man Co Seal leakage gas recovery system
FR2946723B1 (fr) * 2009-06-10 2011-08-05 Snecma Controle non destructif d'une lechette d'etancheite
DE102011005026A1 (de) * 2011-03-03 2012-09-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Teilfugenabdichtung bei einem Gehäuse für eine Fluidmaschine
US8888444B2 (en) * 2011-05-16 2014-11-18 General Electric Company Steam seal system
EP2690258A1 (de) 2012-07-24 2014-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dichtungsanordnung einer Dampfturbine wobei eine Sperrflüssigkeit und eine Wrasendampfabsaugung verwendet wird
DE102012219520A1 (de) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Prozessgasverdichter-Gasturbinenstrang
US20140119881A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 General Electric Company Apparatus for recirculating a fluid within a turbomachine and method for operating the same
DE102014214685A1 (de) * 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Thyssenkrupp Ag Dichtvorrichtung zur Abdichtung einer drehbaren Welle eines Gaskompressors und/oder eines Gasexpanders in einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Salpetersäure
EP3418502A1 (de) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur überprüfung einer strömungsmaschine
CN111335969B (zh) * 2020-04-01 2024-07-16 江苏核电有限公司 一种核电汽轮机高压缸端部漏汽处理装置及漏气处理方法
CN112594013B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2022-03-01 西安交通大学 用于有机工质透平轴端密封及工质回收的装置及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08510307A (ja) 1996-10-29
WO1994025738A1 (de) 1994-11-10
CZ286496B6 (en) 2000-04-12
PL174278B1 (pl) 1998-07-31
DE4313805A1 (de) 1994-11-03
CZ255295A3 (en) 1996-01-17
RU2117769C1 (ru) 1998-08-20
BR9406436A (pt) 1996-01-09
JP3573748B2 (ja) 2004-10-06
EP0696336A1 (de) 1996-02-14
CN1121740A (zh) 1996-05-01
US5632492A (en) 1997-05-27
PL311223A1 (en) 1996-02-05
DE59403257D1 (de) 1997-08-07
CN1054179C (zh) 2000-07-05

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