EP0548606A2 - Résistance à comportement PTC - Google Patents
Résistance à comportement PTC Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0548606A2 EP0548606A2 EP92120542A EP92120542A EP0548606A2 EP 0548606 A2 EP0548606 A2 EP 0548606A2 EP 92120542 A EP92120542 A EP 92120542A EP 92120542 A EP92120542 A EP 92120542A EP 0548606 A2 EP0548606 A2 EP 0548606A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- varistor
- ptc
- contact
- resistor according
- ptc material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
Definitions
- the invention is based on an electrical resistance with a resistance body arranged between two contact connections, which contains a PTC behavior material that forms at least one electrically conductive path between the two contact connections below a material-specific temperature.
- a resistor of the aforementioned type has long been state of the art and is described for example in DE 2 948 350 C2 or US 4 534 889 A.
- a resistor contains a resistor body made of a ceramic or polymeric material which exhibits PTC behavior and conducts electrical current well below a material-specific limit temperature.
- PTC material is, for example, a ceramic based on doped barium titanate or an electrically conductive polymer, such as a thermoplastic, semicrystalline polymer such as polyethylene, with, for example, carbon black as the conductive filler. If the limit temperature is exceeded, it increases the specific resistance of the resistance based on a PTC material jumps by many orders of magnitude.
- PTC resistors can therefore be used as overload protection for circuits. Because of their limited conductivity, carbon-filled polymers, for example, have a specific resistance greater than 1 ⁇ cm, their practical application is generally limited to nominal currents up to approx. 8 A at 30 V and up to approx. 0.2 A at 250 V.
- PTC resistors based on a polymer filled with borides, silicides or carbides with very high specific conductivity at room temperature, which should also be used as current-limiting elements in power circuits with currents of, for example, 50 to 100 A at 250 V.
- resistors are not commercially available and can therefore not be implemented without considerable effort.
- the thickness of the resistance material between the contact terminals determines the magnitude of the voltage held by the resistor in the high-resistance state.
- large overvoltages are induced, particularly in circuits with high inductance. These can only be effectively dismantled if the PTC resistor is large. This inevitably leads either to a significant reduction in its current carrying capacity or to an unacceptably large component.
- the PTC resistor becomes hotter at locally predefined locations, such as in the middle between the contact connections, than at other locations and therefore earlier at these locations switches to the high-resistance state than at the unheated locations.
- the entire voltage applied to the PTC resistor then drops over a relatively small distance at the location of the highest resistance. The associated high electrical field strength can then lead to breakdowns and damage to the PTC resistor.
- the invention as specified in claim 1, is based on the object of creating a resistor with PTC behavior which is simple and inexpensive and is nevertheless distinguished by high nominal current carrying capacity and high dielectric strength.
- the resistor according to the invention consists of commercially available elements, such as at least one varistor based on ZnO, SrTiO3, SiC or BaTiO3, and at least one element made of PTC material, and is simply constructed. It can therefore not only be manufactured comparatively inexpensively, but can also be of small dimensions. This is due to the fact that the overvoltages induced by a switching-off process of the resistor according to the invention are derived from the varistor, and therefore the PTC element inducing the overvoltages only has to be designed for the breakdown voltage of the varistor.
- the varistor In addition, locally occurring overvoltages are derived by the varistor. It is particularly advantageous here that due to the intimate contacting of the varistor and PTC material, the varistor over a small distance has lower breakdown voltage than over its entire length.
- the relatively high thermal conductivity of the ceramic located in the varistor ensures a homogenization of the temperature distribution in the resistor according to the invention. This effectively counteracts the risk of local overheating and significantly increases the nominal current carrying capacity despite the small dimensions.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 each show a top view of a section through one of seven preferred embodiments of the resistor according to the invention with PTC behavior.
- the resistors shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 each contain a resistance body 3 arranged between two contact connections 1, 2.
- the resistance body 3 is made up of two or more planar elements, preferably each designed as a plate.
- One of these elements is a varistor 4, which is preferably made of a ceramic based on a metal oxide, such as ZnO, or a titanate, such as SrTiO3 or BaTiO3, or a carbide, such as SiC, is formed.
- the varistor 4 is contacted with both connections 1, 2 and has a breakdown voltage which is above the nominal voltage of the electrical system in which the resistor is used.
- the other 5 of the two elements consists of PTC material and can be formed from a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or else from a ceramic.
- the PTC element 5 is also contacted with both connections 1, 2.
- Varistor 4 and PTC element 5 have a common contact surface over their entire areal extension. Both elements are brought into intimate electrical contact with one another on this contact surface.
- resistors are preferably produced as follows: First, approximately 0.5 to 2 mm thick plates are produced from a varistor ceramic using a process customary in varistor technology, such as by pressing or casting and subsequent sintering. With a shear mixer, epoxy resin and an electrically conductive filler, such as TiC, are used to produce PTC material based on a polymer. This is poured with a thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm onto a previously made plate-shaped varistor ceramic. If necessary, it is possible to cover the cast layer with a further varistor ceramic and to repeat the previously described process steps successively. This leads to a stack in which layers of varistor and PTC material are alternately arranged in succession in accordance with a multilayer arrangement. The epoxy resin is then cured at temperatures between 60 and 140 ° C to form the resistance body 3.
- thermosetting PTC polymer a thermoplastic PTC polymer can also be used. This is first extruded into thin plates or foils which, after assembly with the plate-shaped varistor ceramic, are subsequently hot-pressed to form the resistance body 3.
- the planar elements 4, 5 made of varistor and PTC ceramic can be connected to one another by gluing using an electrically anisotropically conductive elastomer.
- this elastomer should have high adhesive strength.
- this elastomer should only be electrically conductive in the direction of the normal to the flat elements.
- Such an elastomer is known for example from J.Applied Physics 64 (1984) 6008.
- the resistance bodies 3 can subsequently be cut up by cutting.
- the resistance bodies produced in this way can have, for example, a length of 0.5 to 20 cm and end faces of, for example, 0.5 to 10 cm2.
- the end faces of the resistance structure 3 having a sandwich structure are smoothed, for example by lapping and polishing, and can be connected to the contact connections 1, 2, for example, by soldering with a low-melting solder or by gluing with a conductive adhesive.
- the resistor according to the invention normally conducts current during the operation of a system receiving it.
- the current flows here in an electrically conductive path of the PTC element 5 running between the contact connections 1 and 2. If the PTC element 5 heats up to such an extent because of an overcurrent that the PTC element suddenly increases its resistance by many orders of magnitude the overcurrent is suddenly interrupted and an overvoltage is induced in the PTC element 5.
- the varistor 4 is connected in its entire length parallel to the entire PTC element 5 and thus also to its current path carrying the overcurrent. As soon as the overvoltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the varistor 4, the overcurrent is dissipated in parallel through the varistor 4, thus limiting the overvoltage.
- the PTC element 5 therefore only has to be designed for the breakdown voltage of the varistor 4.
- the varistor 4 which has a correspondingly reduced breakdown voltage over small distances.
- the comparatively high thermal conductivity of the varistor ceramic also ensures that the temperature distribution in the PTC element 5 is homogenized, as a result of which local overheating is avoided in this element.
- the high heat dissipation in the varistor helps to significantly increase the nominal current carrying capacity of the resistor according to the invention compared to a PTC resistor according to the prior art.
- FIG. 3 shows a tube-shaped resistor cut along its tube axis according to the invention.
- This resistor contains a varistor 4 and two PTC elements 5.
- the varistor 4 and the PTC elements are each hollow cylinders and, together with ring-shaped contact connections, form a tubular resistor.
- This resistance can advantageously be produced from a hollow cylindrical varistor ceramic, which is coated in a cylindrical casting mold on the inner and on the outer surface with a polymeric PTC casting compound, for example based on an epoxy resin.
- a fully cylindrical varistor ceramic can also be used.
- a resistor equipped with such a varistor is particularly easy to manufacture, whereas a resistor designed as a tube has particularly good heat dissipation by convection and particularly well with a liquid can be cooled. If a thermoplastic polymer is used as the PTC material instead of a thermoset polymer, the PTC material can be extruded directly onto the cylinder or the hollow cylinder.
- the resistance body 3 each has the shape of a solid cylinder with varistors and PTC elements stacked one on top of the other.
- the varistors are designed as circular disks 40 or as ring bodies 41 and the PTC elements in a congruent manner as ring bodies 50 or as circular disks 51.
- contact disks 6 are additionally provided.
- Each varistor in the form of a disk 40 or ring body 41 is in intimate electrical contact along its entire circumference with a PTC element 5 in the form of a ring body 50 or disk 51.
- Each varistor and each PTC element 5 in contact with it is either connected to one of the two contact connections 1, 2 and a contact plate 6 or with two contact plates 6 contacted.
- the varistors or the PTC elements are thus connected in series in each of the embodiments 4 to 6 between the contact connections 1, 2.
- the resistors according to FIGS. 4 to 6 can be manufactured as follows:
- the disks 40 and ring bodies 41 used as varistor 4 can be produced from powdered varistor material, such as from suitable metal oxides, by pressing and sintering.
- the diameters of the disks can be, for example, between 0.5 and 5 cm and those of the ring bodies between 1 and 10 cm with a thickness of, for example, between 0.1 and 1 cm.
- the varistors 4 designed as disks 40 are stacked one above the other with the contact disks 6 lying between them.
- the contact disks 6 can be any in the edge area have shaped holes 7 and may even be designed as a grid.
- the stack is placed in a mold.
- the free space between the contact disks 6 is then poured out with polymeric PTC material to form the ring bodies 50 and the cast stack is cured.
- the top and bottom of the stack are then contacted.
- the metal contact disks 6 ensure a low contact resistance in a current path formed by the disks 40 or ring bodies 50 connected in series. Overvoltages that occur can be derived over the entire circular cross section of the disks 40.
- the holes 7 filled with PTC material reduce the total resistance in the current path of the PTC elements designed as ring bodies 50. Local overvoltages in the event of overheating in the resistor are avoided particularly well in this embodiment, since the resistance is divided into sections by the contact disks 6, and since in each section a varistor designed as a disk 40 is parallel to a PTC element designed as an annular body 50 and thus parallel is connected to a section of the current path causing the local overvoltages.
- the PTC ring bodies 50 can also be sintered from ceramic. There is then no need to punch the contact disks 6. In this case, the contact resistance can be kept low by pressing or soldering.
- the varistors can be designed as ring bodies 41 and the PTC elements as circular disks 51.
- the holes 7 it is advisable to provide the holes 7 in a central area of the contact disks 6.
- the varistors 4 are built into the PTC element 5.
- Such an embodiment of the resistor according to the invention can be achieved in that in addition to an electrically conductive component, such as e.g. C, TiB2, TiC, WSi2 or MoSi2, also in sufficient quantity, for example 5 to 30 percent by volume, varistor material is mixed in powder form.
- the particle size and the breakdown voltage of the added varistor material marked by squares in FIG. 7 can be adjusted over a wide range and is matched to the particle size of the conductive filler of the PTC element 5 marked by circles in FIG.
- the varistor material can e.g. by sintering a spray granulate, as occurs as a sub-step in varistor production.
- the particle diameters are typically between 5 and a few hundred microns.
- the breakdown voltage of a single varistor particle can be varied between 6 V and a few hundred volts.
- the composite can be shaped to form the resistance body 3 by hot pressing or by casting with subsequent curing at elevated temperature. Subsequent application of the contact connections 1, 2 to the resistance body 3 finally leads to the resistance.
- the conductive filler forms current paths through the resistance body during normal operation of the resistor and at the same time brings about the PTC effect.
- the varistor material on the other hand, depending on the amount added, forms percolating paths locally or through the entire resistance body 3, which can dissipate overvoltage.
- a composite structure can also be produced by mixing sintered or ground granulate particles of a PTC ceramic with ceramic varistor particles.
- the mutual bonding and the electrical contacting can be ensured by a metallic solder.
- the volume fraction of this solder must be below the percolation limit, since this is the only way to guarantee the PTC and varistor behavior of the resistor at the same time.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4142523 | 1991-12-21 | ||
DE4142523A DE4142523A1 (de) | 1991-12-21 | 1991-12-21 | Widerstand mit ptc - verhalten |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0548606A2 true EP0548606A2 (fr) | 1993-06-30 |
EP0548606A3 EP0548606A3 (fr) | 1994-04-06 |
EP0548606B1 EP0548606B1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 |
Family
ID=6447845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92120542A Expired - Lifetime EP0548606B1 (fr) | 1991-12-21 | 1992-12-02 | Résistance à comportement PTC |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5313184A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0548606B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3342064B2 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4142523A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0640995A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-03-01 | Abb Research Ltd. | Résistance électrique et application de cette résistance dans un limiteur de courant |
EP0642199A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-08 | ABB Management AG | Circuit de protection pour un circuit avec des condensateurs |
EP0649150A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-04-19 | Abb Research Ltd. | Matériau composite |
DE19542162C2 (de) * | 1995-11-11 | 2000-11-23 | Abb Research Ltd | Überstrombegrenzer |
Families Citing this family (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5521383A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-05-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Corona discharge device |
KR19990008423A (ko) * | 1995-05-10 | 1999-01-25 | 데이비드 제이. 크루거 | 양의 온도 계수 회로 보호 디바이스 및 그 제조 방법 |
US5663702A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-09-02 | Littelfuse, Inc. | PTC electrical device having fuse link in series and metallized ceramic electrodes |
US5614881A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-03-25 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device |
US5742223A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1998-04-21 | Raychem Corporation | Laminar non-linear device with magnetically aligned particles |
DE19548741A1 (de) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-06-26 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Materials für PTC-Widerstände |
DE19612841A1 (de) * | 1996-03-30 | 1997-10-02 | Abb Research Ltd | Strombegrenzender Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten |
US6023403A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 2000-02-08 | Littlefuse, Inc. | Surface mountable electrical device comprising a PTC and fusible element |
DE19702094B4 (de) * | 1997-01-22 | 2008-01-24 | Abb Research Ltd. | Leistungsschaltvorrichtung |
US5929744A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-07-27 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with at least one flexible electrode |
US6535103B1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 2003-03-18 | General Electric Company | Current limiting arrangement and method |
US5977861A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1999-11-02 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with grooved electrode structure |
DE19727009B4 (de) * | 1997-06-25 | 2009-02-12 | Abb Research Ltd. | Strombegrenzender Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten |
US6191681B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2001-02-20 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with electrically conductive composite and method of manufacturing the electrically conductive composite |
US6373372B1 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2002-04-16 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with conductive composite material and method of manufacturing the conductive composite material and the current limiting device |
DE19800470A1 (de) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-15 | Abb Research Ltd | Widerstandselement |
US6128168A (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2000-10-03 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker with improved arc interruption function |
US6282072B1 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2001-08-28 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Electrical devices having a polymer PTC array |
US6290879B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2001-09-18 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device and materials for a current limiting device |
US6124780A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-09-26 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device and materials for a current limiting device |
DE19833609A1 (de) | 1998-07-25 | 2000-01-27 | Abb Research Ltd | Elektrisches Bauteil mit einer Einschnürung in einem PTC-Polymerelement |
US6094128A (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-07-25 | Maida Development Company | Overload protected solid state varistors |
US6133820A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-10-17 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device having a web structure |
US6582647B1 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2003-06-24 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Method for heat treating PTC devices |
US6144540A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-11-07 | General Electric Company | Current suppressing circuit breaker unit for inductive motor protection |
US6157286A (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2000-12-05 | General Electric Company | High voltage current limiting device |
US6519129B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2003-02-11 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Surge arrester module with bonded component stack |
US6323751B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2001-11-27 | General Electric Company | Current limiter device with an electrically conductive composite material and method of manufacturing |
US6483685B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-11-19 | Mcgraw Edison Company | Compliant joint between electrical components |
US6628498B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2003-09-30 | Steven J. Whitney | Integrated electrostatic discharge and overcurrent device |
US7180719B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2007-02-20 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Integrated overvoltage and overcurrent device |
DE10058908C1 (de) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-08-08 | Siemens Ag | Anordnung zum Abbau von Überspannungen mit mehreren Varistoren |
US7015786B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2006-03-21 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Mechanical reinforcement to improve high current, short duration withstand of a monolithic disk or bonded disk stack |
DE10306634A1 (de) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze, insbesondere Niedervolt-Glühstiftkerze für Verbrennungsmotoren |
TWI254503B (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-05-01 | Polytronics Technology Corp | Over-current protection apparatus and manufacturing method thereof |
US7436283B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2008-10-14 | Cooper Technologies Company | Mechanical reinforcement structure for fuses |
US8117739B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2012-02-21 | Cooper Technologies Company | Manufacturing process for surge arrester module using pre-impregnated composite |
US7075406B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-07-11 | Cooper Technologies Company | Station class surge arrester |
US7633737B2 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2009-12-15 | Cooper Technologies Company | Liquid immersed surge arrester |
US7999363B2 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2011-08-16 | Alpha & Omega Semiconductor, Ltd | Structure and method for self protection of power device |
US20090027821A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Integrated thermistor and metallic element device and method |
US20090108980A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-30 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Fuse providing overcurrent and thermal protection |
KR101222926B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-02-05 | 주식회사 아모텍 | 바리스터 모듈 |
CN103632784B (zh) * | 2013-11-23 | 2016-04-13 | 华中科技大学 | 一种叠层片式热压敏复合电阻器及其制备方法 |
JP6652003B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2020-02-19 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体チップおよび半導体装置 |
US11894166B2 (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | Richards Mfg. Co., A New Jersey Limited Partnership | Manufacturing process for surge arrestor module using compaction bladder system |
CN117393253A (zh) | 2022-07-04 | 2024-01-12 | 国巨电子(中国)有限公司 | 抗浪涌电阻器及其制造方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3707503A1 (de) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-04-28 | Nippon Mektron Kk | Ptc-zusammensetzung |
JPH01152704A (ja) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 複合電子部品 |
JPH01158702A (ja) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-21 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 複合機能電子部品 |
US4910389A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-03-20 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions |
EP0363746A1 (fr) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-18 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Dispositif de protection contre les surintensités pour réseaux électriques et appareils |
WO1991012643A1 (fr) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-08-22 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges du moteur et contre les courts-circuits |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE851987C (de) * | 1944-12-17 | 1952-10-09 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von pumpenlosen Metalldampfentladungs-gefaessen mit metallener Gefaesswand |
DE851087C (de) * | 1950-10-11 | 1952-10-02 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrischer Regelwiderstaende mit nichtlinearer Charakteristik |
DE1143259B (de) * | 1953-08-13 | 1963-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Von der Aussentemperatur unabhaengiger elektrischer Halbleiterwiderstand |
BE668892A (fr) * | 1964-09-11 | |||
JPS549294B2 (fr) * | 1972-02-16 | 1979-04-23 | ||
US3805022A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1974-04-16 | Texas Instruments Inc | Semiconducting threshold heaters |
CH581377A5 (fr) * | 1975-02-11 | 1976-10-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
US4534889A (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1985-08-13 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Compositions and devices comprising them |
US4271446A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1981-06-02 | Comstock Wilford K | Transient voltage suppression system |
US4152743A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-05-01 | Comstock Wilford K | Transient voltage suppression system |
JPS5480547A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-06-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ceramic varister |
US4237441A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-12-02 | Raychem Corporation | Low resistivity PTC compositions |
US4347539A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-08-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electrical equipment protective apparatus with energy balancing among parallel varistors |
DE3231066A1 (de) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-02-23 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Bauelementekombination fuer eine schaltungsanordnung zum kombinierten schutz eines verbrauchers vor ueberspannung und ueberstrom |
DE3231781A1 (de) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Gluehkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
US5064997A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1991-11-12 | Raychem Corporation | Composite circuit protection devices |
US4780598A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1988-10-25 | Raychem Corporation | Composite circuit protection devices |
US4583146A (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-04-15 | General Electric Company | Fault current interrupter |
US4656555A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1987-04-07 | Harvey Hubbell Incorporated | Filament wrapped electrical assemblies and method of making same |
DE3823698A1 (de) * | 1988-07-13 | 1990-01-18 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Nichtlinearer spannungsabhaengiger widerstand |
-
1991
- 1991-12-21 DE DE4142523A patent/DE4142523A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-12-02 DE DE59205492T patent/DE59205492D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-02 EP EP92120542A patent/EP0548606B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-11 US US07/989,555 patent/US5313184A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-14 JP JP33329092A patent/JP3342064B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3707503A1 (de) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-04-28 | Nippon Mektron Kk | Ptc-zusammensetzung |
JPH01152704A (ja) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 複合電子部品 |
JPH01158702A (ja) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-21 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 複合機能電子部品 |
US4910389A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-03-20 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions |
EP0363746A1 (fr) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-18 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Dispositif de protection contre les surintensités pour réseaux électriques et appareils |
WO1991012643A1 (fr) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-08-22 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges du moteur et contre les courts-circuits |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE Bd. 26 , 1991 , LONDON GB Seiten 145 - 154 SHROUT ET AL. 'Composite PTCR thermistors utilizing conducting borides, silicides, and carbide powders.' * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 413 (E-820)12. September 1989 & JP-A-01 152 704 (MURATA MFG) 15. Juni 1989 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 429 (E-823)25. September 1989 & JP-A-01 158 702 (MURATA MFG) 21. Juni 1989 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0640995A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-03-01 | Abb Research Ltd. | Résistance électrique et application de cette résistance dans un limiteur de courant |
US5602520A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1997-02-11 | Abb Research Ltd. | Electrical resistance element and use of this resistance element in a current limiter |
EP0642199A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-08 | ABB Management AG | Circuit de protection pour un circuit avec des condensateurs |
EP0649150A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-04-19 | Abb Research Ltd. | Matériau composite |
US5858533A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1999-01-12 | Abb Research Ltd. | Composite material |
DE19542162C2 (de) * | 1995-11-11 | 2000-11-23 | Abb Research Ltd | Überstrombegrenzer |
US6166619A (en) * | 1995-11-11 | 2000-12-26 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Overcurrent limiter having inductive compensation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59205492D1 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
US5313184A (en) | 1994-05-17 |
DE4142523A1 (de) | 1993-06-24 |
JP3342064B2 (ja) | 2002-11-05 |
JPH05267006A (ja) | 1993-10-15 |
EP0548606B1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 |
EP0548606A3 (fr) | 1994-04-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0548606B1 (fr) | Résistance à comportement PTC | |
EP0576836B1 (fr) | Dispositif limitant le courant | |
EP0640995B1 (fr) | Résistance électrique et application de cette résistance dans un limiteur de courant | |
EP0590347B1 (fr) | Résistance à comportement PTC | |
DE3231118C1 (de) | Kombinierte Schaltungsanordnung mit Varistor und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE2804617C2 (fr) | ||
DE2948281C2 (de) | Elektrische Schaltung und Schaltungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP0649150B1 (fr) | Matériau composite | |
DE19727009B4 (de) | Strombegrenzender Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten | |
DE3000394C2 (fr) | ||
EP3577662B1 (fr) | Élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif (ctp) à courant d'appel réduit | |
DE1961314A1 (de) | Geschuetztes Halbleiterbauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
DE60028360T2 (de) | Ptk-chipthermistor | |
CH663491A5 (en) | Electronic circuit module | |
DE19935176A1 (de) | Elektrische Vorrichtung für Oberflächenmontage mit mehreren PTC-Elementen | |
DE102016107931A1 (de) | Elektronisches Bauelement zur Einschaltstrombegrenzung und Verwendung eines elektronischen Bauelements | |
EP1355327B1 (fr) | Limiteur de surtension et méthode de fabrication d' un tel limiteur de surtension | |
DE2853134C2 (de) | Keramikvaristor | |
WO2013182276A1 (fr) | Élément de contact pour varistor | |
EP0696036A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'une résistance PTC et résistance obtenue par ce procédé | |
DE1287683B (de) | Sicherung gegen Überspannungen | |
DE10146947B4 (de) | Elektrisches Bauelement | |
WO2018167133A1 (fr) | Composant varistance à capacité accrue d'absorption de courant de surcharge | |
DE102016108604A1 (de) | Vielschichtbauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vielschichtbauelements | |
WO2007099020A1 (fr) | Varistance avec un élément de protection |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940905 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950302 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59205492 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19960404 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: DE DOMINICIS & MAYER S.R.L. |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19960513 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: ABB SCHWEIZ AG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (CH-LC/IP) Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Free format text: ASEA BROWN BOVERI AG TRANSFER- ABB SCHWEIZ HOLDING AG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CA |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUE Owner name: ABB SCHWEIZ AG Free format text: ABB SCHWEIZ HOLDING AG#BROWN BOVERI STRASSE 6#5400 BADEN (CH) -TRANSFER TO- ABB SCHWEIZ AG#BROWN BOVERI STRASSE 6#5400 BADEN (CH) |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20081215 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20081223 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20081212 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20081216 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20091222 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20091202 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20100831 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091231 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091231 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091202 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091202 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 59205492 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110701 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110701 |