EP0462529B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyage des substances et appareils contaminés - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyage des substances et appareils contaminés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462529B1
EP0462529B1 EP91109841A EP91109841A EP0462529B1 EP 0462529 B1 EP0462529 B1 EP 0462529B1 EP 91109841 A EP91109841 A EP 91109841A EP 91109841 A EP91109841 A EP 91109841A EP 0462529 B1 EP0462529 B1 EP 0462529B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solvent
appliance
appliances
cleaning
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91109841A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0462529A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Sanders
Werner Petzold
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ABB Patent GmbH
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ABB Patent GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0462529A1 publication Critical patent/EP0462529A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/006—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents of waste oils, e.g. PCB's containing oils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • transformers, chokes, capacitors and the like have been filled with insulating liquids which, although they have good insulating properties and are flame-retardant, are nevertheless highly toxic to humans.
  • insulating liquids which, although they have good insulating properties and are flame-retardant, are nevertheless highly toxic to humans.
  • PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls
  • PCB-containing insulating liquids ascareles, the latter being mixtures of PCBs, triclorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene.
  • the cleaning of the solids can not only be done by rinsing with solvent, because the insulating liquid has penetrated into the pores of the solids and only the surface is cleaned during rinsing, so that deep cleaning is not possible.
  • the fact that large amounts of PCB-containing insulating liquids are still contained in these solid insulating parts is particularly evident when the insulating parts are re-installed in a housing and washed around by a non-PCB-containing replacement insulating liquid. Within a relatively short period of time, the PCB contained in the insulating parts flows into the new insulating liquid, so that the desired release of the electrical device below specified limit values has ultimately not been achieved.
  • EP-PS 0 098 811 describes a method for decontaminating electromechanical devices contaminated with PCB with evaporated solvent for PCB, the device, the device and the like being inserted into a housing which is filled with solvent vapor. The pressure and temperature of the solvent vapor are maintained so that the vapor condenses on the top of the device.
  • the device or device in question and the like can only be treated in a single operation, so that the time required for this is relatively high.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned in which a continuous cleaning of several devices, transformers and the like can be carried out without having to interrupt the cleaning process.
  • the first device or the first two devices are removed from the row of devices and one or two further devices are added downstream, so that a cleaned device is continuously removed at the front and an uncleaned device is added to the rear of the row, each device in moves one or two places forward in the row.
  • At least the first device i. H. that is, the device or devices which are removed from the row are dried after the cleaning step, while the remaining devices which are still in the row continue to be flowed through by solvents.
  • the same principle of multiple solvent use is used as in the cleaning process (first cleaning step) of the devices.
  • the individual inner parts are gradually fed to a further upstream stage in a kind of countercurrent principle from a stage downstream in the flow direction; each of the upstream stages has a cleaner solvent than the previous downstream stage, so that ultimately the purest solvent is present in the upstream first stage and contamination by insulating agent possibly contained in the insulating parts set in the first stage practically no longer exists the case is.
  • a device with which the step cleaning of the insulating parts is carried out is the subject of claim 7.
  • This device has several containers (chambers) which are connected to a distillation device for providing purified solvent.
  • the solvent flows through several chambers, which are separated from one another by means of partition walls serving as weirs or by pipelines with return protection devices, pumps, membranes or the like. This prevents liquid from flowing back from a chamber lying at the back in the direction of flow into a chamber in front of it. After the insulation parts have gone through these cleaning stages, they are so clean that they can be reused or placed in normal landfills.
  • DE-A-39 01 986 discloses a device for cleaning workpieces with a FCK-containing solvent, in particular semiconductors, which is primarily aimed at reducing the consumption of FCK solvents and thus reducing air pollution from FCK solvents. To prevent gas. While the prior art device also includes a number of containers that are fluidly connected to one another to prevent backflow from a container to an upstream container, the further details disclosed show that they are intended for a different purpose.
  • the system which is shown in the figure, serves to clean five transformers 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 arranged in a row one behind the other. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, five transformers are shown; it can of course only be three or more.
  • At the output of each transformer 10 to 14 each connect a line 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.
  • These lines 15 to 19 are connected to a manifold 20 which is connected to a distillation device 21 via a line 41.
  • the distillation device 21 separates the PCB-loaded solvent from PCB and introduces it via a line 22 into a disposal container 23, where it is collected.
  • a line 29 which branches into a line 30 and a line 31, the latter being connected to the transformers 11 to 14 via feed lines 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36.
  • the distillation device 21 supplies, via the lines 29 and 30, cleaning chambers 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, the output of which is connected to the line 41 via a line 43, a line 44 branching off on the line 43 and leading into the line 31 of the feed line 32 opens.
  • Lines 37, 38, 39 and 40 connect to lines 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 and are each connected to the next transformer 11, 12, 13 and 14.
  • a line 42 is connected to the transformer 14 and can be connected to the transformer 10 at its input.
  • Fresh solvent is fed from the distillation device 21 to the transformer 10 via the lines 29, 31 and 32.
  • the fresh solvent is loaded with PCB in the transformer 10.
  • This PCB-loaded solvent is supplied via line 37 to transformer 11, from where it is supplied via line 16/38 to transformer 12, etc. until it is has flowed through the transformer 14 and can be fed via lines 19, 20 and 41 to the distillation device.
  • the first transformer 10 thus receives the cleanest solvent and the solvent is loaded more and more with PCB by the further transformers, so that solvent 14 with the highest PCB concentration or PCB loading emerges from the transformer.
  • the transformer 10 As soon as the transformer 10 is sufficiently cleaned, it is disconnected and a transformer-emptied, solvent-filled transformer takes its place or is connected in its place. This transformer is again given the reference number 10.
  • the cleaning sequence then begins with the transformer 11, so that the clean solvent is supplied to the transformer 11 via the lines 29, 31 and 33. From the transformer 14, the PCB-containing solvent loaded with PCB from the transformers 11, 12, 13 and 14 then flows via the line 42 into the transformer 10 and from there via the manifold 20 into the distillation device 21. When the transformer 11 is clean then another transformer emptied of PCB takes the place of transformer 11 and the clean solvent is now supplied to transformer 12. After flowing through the transformers 12, 13, 14 and 10, the transformer 11 is flowed through with the solvent loaded by the other transformers and the PCB-containing solvent flows via the line 16 to the collecting line 20 and from there into the distillation device 21.
  • the procedure is similar when the cleaned transformers 12, 13, 14 etc. have moved to the first position in the row of treatments.
  • the respective disconnected transformer After the respective disconnected transformer has been dried, it is broken down into its components, such as copper coils, laminated core and connections, etc., which components are either subjected to a second flushing treatment with the same solvent and / or an ultrasound treatment.
  • the parts are suitably placed in closed containers which are provided with inlets and outlets for connection to the solvent.
  • the containers can now either be connected alone to a further branch of line 31 (not shown) or to the first position in the flushing row for transformers, i. H. instead of the transformer 10 or connected to several containers to form a separate cleaning chain that corresponds to the cleaning chain of the transformers 10 to 14.
  • the pre-cleaned parts in particular the solid insulating parts, have been removed from the transformers 10 to 14 or at least initially from the transformer 10. These parts are used in chambers 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28. These chambers are separated from one another by walls (without reference numbers) and are connected to one another in such a way that no liquid can flow back from the downstream chambers into the respective adjacent, upstream chamber. That can e.g. B. can be achieved so that the partitions in the direction of the solvent flow are designed as weirs, wherein - seen in the direction of flow - each downstream downstream partition is formed somewhat lower than the previous partition. The same effect can, however, also be achieved with pipelines in which corresponding backflow prevention devices or membranes are installed.
  • the internal parts made of solid materials and electrically insulating material, which have been removed from the transformer, are first introduced into the chambers 24 to 28, which contain an ultrasound radiation device (not shown), against the solvent flow direction, into the chamber 28, and after a certain time into the chamber 27, inserted into chamber 26, chamber 25 and chamber 24.
  • the parts are exposed to ultrasound for a certain time. They are exposed to sound from five sides in particular, so that the greatest possible cleaning effect is guaranteed.
  • Solvent flows from the distillation device 21 via the line 29 and the line 30 to the chamber 24; it passes through the chambers 24 to 28 in this order and from there reaches the distillation device via the lines 43, 41.
  • the treatment is improved by heating the solvent for ultrasound treatment and rinsing to approximately below its boiling temperature and using it at this temperature, as is also known from DE-PS 36 40 949.
  • Every new transformer is connected to the end of a pre-cleaning chain and continues to advance within this cleaning chain. After the transformer in question has been rinsed at the first point for a certain time, it can be removed from the cleaning chain.
  • the cleaning chain is characterized in that the first transformer 10 is supplied with clean solvent at the beginning of this chain or row, which passes through the various transformers of the chain or row and is thereby increasingly loaded with the pollutant to be removed.
  • the countercurrent principle in the device with the chambers 24 to 28 also saves considerable distillation power.
  • the individual treatment units are designed so that appropriate vapors can be extracted separately. They do not pollute the hall air in which the system is located and avoid high costs for renewing the air at the workplaces.
  • transformers 10 to 14 there is also the possibility of placing the transformers 10 to 14 under a slight positive pressure using inert gas.
  • controllable valves which can be controlled in such a way that a desired solvent flow is generated through the devices, chambers and lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour nettoyer des matériaux et/ou des appareils contaminés par du PCB ou des askarèles, par exemple des appareils électriques remplis de ces produits faisant office de liquide isolant, en particulier de transformateurs, du solvant pour le liquide isolant étant introduit dans l'appareil après vidange de celui-ci et les matériaux et/ou appareils étant soumis à des ultrasons, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs matériaux et/ou appareils disposés les uns à la suite des autres sont parcourus par le solvant dans une première direction, après un démarrage en fonctionnement continu stationnaire, le solvant étant chargé avec la plus faible quantité de liquide isolant dans le premier matériau ou le premier appareil situé en amont, par le fait que dans le dernier matériau ou appareil situé en aval, suite à la circulation dans les appareils ou les matériaux précédents, le solvant est chargé avec la plus forte quantité de liquide isolant et par le fait qu'après le processus de nettoyage, au moins le premier appareil ou le premier matériau est retiré de la série et au moins un autre matériau ou un autre appareil est placé en aval dans la série, de telle sorte que l'appareil ou le matériau qui se trouvait précédemment en deuxième position devient désormais le premier dans la série et ainsi de suite.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'après l'étape de nettoyage, le premier appareil au moins est séché, tandis que le troisième appareil et les appareils suivants continuent à être parcourus par le solvant.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments intérieurs des appareils sont soumis à un nettoyage supplémentaire dans un autre dispositif de nettoyage.
  4. Procédé selon le préambule de la revendication 1 ou selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments intérieurs retirés de l'appareil, en particulier les éléments isolants solides, sont placés dans un dispositif de nettoyage comportant plusieurs étages, par le fait que le dispositif de nettoyage est parcouru par le solvant dans une direction, tandis que les éléments intérieurs à nettoyer passent d'une étape à l'autre dans la direction opposée à la direction d'écoulement, de telle sorte que chaque élément à la fin de son nettoyage se trouve et reste un certain temps dans l'étage qui est alimenté en solvant frais, par le fait qu'après ce temps, l'élément nettoyé dans le premier étage est sorti, par le fait que l'élément qui se trouve dans le deuxième étage est amené dans le premier étage et ainsi de suite.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil retiré de la série ou les appareils retirés de la série sont balayés par de l'air qui circule à travers le ou successivement à travers les appareils dans la direction d'écoulement du solvant.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on évacue éventuellement par pompage les vapeurs de solvant qui se forment à l'intérieur des appareils.
  7. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 4, comportant plusieurs cuves (24) à (28) qui sont connectées à un dispositif de distillation (21) pour la préparation de solvant épuré, par le fait que les cuves sont reliées entre elles de telle sorte que du liquide contenu dans une cuve (28) située en aval ne puisse pas refluer dans la cuve (24) à (27) située en amont et par le fait que la cuve (28) située en dernière position, vu dans la direction d'écoulement, est reliée au dispositif de distillation (21) et reçoit le solvant chargé en impuretés.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le solvant frais entrant est réchauffé à une température qui au maximum est légèrement inférieure au point d'ébullition.
  9. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes 1 à 6, 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'un traitement par ultrasons est opéré en plus dans chaque étage de nettoyage.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le solvant chargé en PCB, après avoir traversé les appareils ou les chambres, est traité dans une installation de distillation.
EP91109841A 1990-06-20 1991-06-15 Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyage des substances et appareils contaminés Expired - Lifetime EP0462529B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4019598 1990-06-20
DE4019598A DE4019598A1 (de) 1990-06-20 1990-06-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von kontaminierten stoffen und geraeten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0462529A1 EP0462529A1 (fr) 1991-12-27
EP0462529B1 true EP0462529B1 (fr) 1994-08-03

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EP91109841A Expired - Lifetime EP0462529B1 (fr) 1990-06-20 1991-06-15 Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyage des substances et appareils contaminés

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EP (1) EP0462529B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4019598A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4320711A1 (de) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-05 Peter Rusbuelt Verfahren zum Reinigen von Transformatoren
DE4408784C3 (de) * 1994-03-15 2000-01-27 Linde Ag Reinigung von Materialien mit verflüssigten oder überkritischen Gasen
DE4420604C2 (de) * 1994-06-13 2003-05-08 Wmv Appbau Gmbh & Co Kg Vakuum-Zentrifugiereinrichtung und Reinigungsverfahren
DE4427748C1 (de) * 1994-08-05 1996-02-29 Peter Rusbuelt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Transformatoren
DE19546602C2 (de) * 1995-12-13 2003-02-20 Wmv Appbau Gmbh & Co Kg Vakuum-Zentrifugiereinrichtung und Vakuum-Reinigungs- und Trocknungsverfahren
CN107065947A (zh) * 2017-02-27 2017-08-18 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 间歇式逆流清洗镀件的智能控水设备及其自动控水方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7908914U1 (de) * 1979-03-29 1979-07-12 Langbein-Pfanhauser Werke Ag, 4040 Neuss Vorrichtung zur entfettung und/oder reinigung von fuer eine oberflaechenbehandlung bestimmten gegenstaende
SE7905806L (sv) * 1979-07-03 1981-01-04 Nordnero Ab Vattenbaserat rengoringssystem
US4375992A (en) * 1980-12-24 1983-03-08 Rca Corporation Apparatus and method for cleaning recorded discs
DE3427878A1 (de) * 1984-07-28 1986-03-06 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur entfernung von polychlorbiphenylen (pcb) aus elektroisolierfluessigkeiten
FR2578759B1 (fr) * 1985-03-18 1987-06-26 Henkel France Procede de nettoyage d'un equipement alimentaire par une solution de nettoyage et de triage en retour de cette solution, ainsi qu'installation permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
IT1190411B (it) * 1985-10-24 1988-02-16 Ecolsir Srl Procedimento per il disinquinamento di apparecchiature o altri materiali contaminati con pcb o altre sostanze tossiche e nocive
DE3615036A1 (de) * 1986-05-03 1987-11-05 Wessling Erwin Chem Lab Verfahren zur wiederverwendbarmachung von mit pcb und anderen umweltschaedlichen rueckstaenden belasteten transformatoren
CH670055A5 (fr) * 1987-03-23 1989-05-12 Ciba Geigy Ag
DE3715235A1 (de) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-24 Micafil Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum extrahieren von oel oder polychloriertem biphenyl aus impraegnierten elektrischen teilen mittels eines loesungsmittels sowie zur destillation des loesungsmittels
DE3823322A1 (de) * 1988-07-09 1990-01-11 Carl Dittmann Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum reinigen und entfetten von behandlungsgut mit loesungsmitteln
DE3901986A1 (de) * 1989-11-06 1990-07-26 Ohtsuka Giken Kogyo Co Vorrichtung zur reinigung von werkstuecken unter verwendung eines chlor-fluor-kohlenstoff-loesungsmittels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59102413D1 (de) 1994-09-08
DE4019598A1 (de) 1992-01-02
EP0462529A1 (fr) 1991-12-27

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