EP0408912B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des piles de papier - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des piles de papier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0408912B1 EP0408912B1 EP90111612A EP90111612A EP0408912B1 EP 0408912 B1 EP0408912 B1 EP 0408912B1 EP 90111612 A EP90111612 A EP 90111612A EP 90111612 A EP90111612 A EP 90111612A EP 0408912 B1 EP0408912 B1 EP 0408912B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- suction
- laying
- rollers
- gripping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H45/00—Folding thin material
- B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
- B65H45/24—Interfolding sheets, e.g. cigarette or toilet papers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H45/00—Folding thin material
- B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
- B65H45/16—Rotary folders
- B65H45/162—Rotary folders with folding jaw cylinders
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for producing U or. Zig-zag-shaped single sheets or cloths stacked one inside the other and overlapping in a stack with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- a device of the type mentioned is known from US-A-4 778 441 and has two sets of rollers for processing two material webs, two further depositing rollers, which cooperate to form stacks and folds, are arranged and driven in a machine frame and have a strip-like crease on their circumference - And fold cutting as well as suction elements. Furthermore, at least one knife roller with a separating knife as well as transport, pull or. Deflection rollers provided.
- the depositing rollers of this known device show as Kink and rebate cutting edges in cross-section of wedge-shaped elements which engage in correspondingly wedge-shaped recesses in the other laying roller and thereby form the material to be processed accordingly.
- the papers or cloths prepared in this way are also deposited on a stack in the correct position.
- the fold edge formation is unsatisfactory, since it is dependent on the relatively large wedge angle of the fold and fold cutting edge.
- the stacks are usually very airy and have a large height with the same number of parts deposited. It is also difficult to identify production errors immediately.
- DE-C-178 663 Another device for zigzag-shaped depositing of paper webs or the like is known from DE-C-178 663.
- folding devices are attached to rollers running against one another and have grippers or jaws, with the aid of which the paper is folded.
- the paper is pressed with the aid of insertion knives into a gap in the respective counter-roller and then folded relatively sharply with the aid of the grippers or jaws and then placed alternately on the right and left.
- This known device is only able to reliably detect the material of a single material layer during the fold formation.
- the processing of two layers of material is not possible, so that this device can, for example, only process endless, perforated material webs and cannot be used for processing material webs which consist of a sequence of separated single sheets. This also applies in particular because the single sheets must have a small distance of up to 5 mm during processing for manufacturing reasons.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device of the type mentioned which permits reliable and precise fold formation and furthermore the storage of folded individual sheets in a mutually interlocking stack position. This should also be possible if the single sheets are at a short distance from each other during processing.
- the device according to the invention has laying rollers which, in addition to the suction elements, are provided with at least one gripping element which is movable relative to the laying roller.
- the position and arrangement of the suction elements also play an important role, according to the invention at least one suction element in the gripping element and one suction element next to the gripping element and a third suction element in each case being arranged next to the associated folding and folding blade on the circumference of the depositing roller.
- the movable gripping element is arranged in a recess which is open towards the circumference of the laying roller and forms a gripping gap with a trailing or leading, fixed edge of the laying roller.
- the gripping gap and those immediately in front or behind and on the movable gripping element suction elements arranged on the fixed edge are also designed so that both the single sheet to be folded or folded and the ends of the two adjacent single sheets lying inside these can be gripped safely and reliably. Due to the position of the suction elements, this is also ensured if the ends of the inner sheets are at a short distance from one another during processing.
- the single sheets are gripped when the folding and folding blade on the other laying roller has pressed the single sheet into the gripping nip and the suction elements fix the exact position and position of the single sheet to be folded and folded and the ends of the adjacent single sheets lying in it. As this enables good fold formation, guidance and safe transport of the individual sheets, it is also possible to work at a high working speed.
- a device 1 for U-shaped or zigzag-shaped folding and for the production of folded cloths which are overlapping or interlocking and which are stored in a stack 2 or of single sheets 3 comprises, according to FIG. 1, two sets of rolls 4 and 5 for each Material web 6, 7 and in each case one depositing roller 8, 9 which cooperates in the formation of the stack, directly at the stacking point 10.
- each roller set 4, 5 has at least one knife roller 11 with a separating knife 12 as well as transport, pulling and / or deflecting rollers 13, 14. All rollers are stored in a machine frame 15 (Fig. 3). The respective direction of rotation of the rollers results from the arrows in FIG. 1.
- the U-shaped or zigzag-shaped depositing of the individual sheets 3 and the insertion of the next individual sheet 3 between the parts or halves of the single sheet 3 to be folded is carried out with the aid of the two depositing rollers 8, 9, each of which is arranged on the one depositing roller 8 and 9 folding and rebating blades 16 and on the other laying roller 9 and 8 assigned and initially open gripping gaps 17 and gripping elements 18.
- the endless web of material 6 or 7 is first cut into individual sheets 3 with the aid of the separating knife 12 on the cutter roller 11, then the individual sheets 3 are separated somewhat, for example up to 5 mm, and then they become the laying roller 8 or 9 in this way supplied that a single sheet 3 transported from the depositing roller 8 to the stacking point 10 by half a sheet length or by a partial length to one of the other depositing roller 9 fed single sheet 3a is offset.
- the leading end 19 of the single sheet 3a meets at the nip 57 of the two laying rollers 8, 9 on the center of the single sheet 3 fed by the other laying roller 8, provided that the single sheet has a fold.
- the leading end 19 of the single sheet 3a also meets at the nip 57 at a fold to be formed in the other single sheet 3.
- the individual sheet 3a extends or extends on the laying roller 9, as does the single sheet 3 on the laying roller 8 in the corresponding working position from a folding and folding cutter 16 to the next folding and folding cutter 20 in the circumferential direction and afterwards.
- the gripping gaps 17 and gripping elements 18 are arranged on the two laying rollers 8 and 9, in each case halfway between two folding and folding blades 16 and 20 or 16 and 21 or 20 and 21.
- a single sheet 3 for example located on the depositing roller 8, in the position according to FIG. 1 is pressed by the folding and folding blade 16 of the depositing roller 9 into the gripping gap 17 of the depositing roller 8 and then there with the aid of the gripping element 18 positionally fixed, the single sheet 3 is gripped on the laying roller 8 in the middle with simultaneous buckling or fold formation.
- the leading end 19 of the next single sheet 3a transported on the depositing roller 9 to the stacking point 10 and the trailing end 22 of the last, already deposited single sheet 3 by means of suction elements 23, 24 to be explained in more detail and acting through the folded single sheet 3.
- the suction elements 23, 24 release the leading end 19 of the single sheet 3a and the trailing end of the last single sheet 3 that has already been deposited.
- the gripping gap 17 and the gripping element 18 reach the upper left edge of the stack 2, the gripping element 18 releases the single sheet 3 packed in the middle.
- the folding and folding cutter 16 is on the laying roller 8 in the area of the narrowest point of the roller gap 57 and presses the single sheet 3a into the gripping gap 17, whereupon the latter closes by pivoting the gripping element 18.
- the laying roller 9 which releases the single sheet 3a as soon as the gripping element 18 is at the upper right end of the stack 2.
- the formation of folds and folds as well as the storage in the stack takes place in basically the same way for all further individual sheets 3 and 3a which are transported to the stacking point 10.
- At least one suction element 23 is arranged on the gripping element 18 and another suction element 24 is arranged directly next to the gripping element 18 on the circumference 25 of the laying roller 8, 9.
- Another suction element 26 is located immediately next to and in the running direction of the laying rollers 8, 9 behind each buckling and Folding cutter 16, 20 and 21. All suction elements 23, 24 and 26 are suction openings located in the contour of the laying rollers 8, 9, to which individual suction channels 27, each of which can be controlled separately, in the gripping elements 18 and suction channels 28 and 29 in the laying rollers 8, 9 to lead.
- a suction air control valve 30 (Fig.
- the gripping element 18 is arranged in a recess 31 of the laying roller 8, 9 which is open towards the periphery 25. It is pivotally mounted and has the shape of a flap which has a clamping piece 32 with a clamping surface 33 at its free end. Relative to the direction of rotation of the depositing rollers 8, 9, the clamping surfaces 33 are arranged in a trailing manner on the clamping pieces. So that the gripping elements 18 can be effective, their clamping surfaces 33 are each assigned a counter surface in the form of a contact surface 34 rigidly arranged on the depositing roller 8, 9. When the gripping element 18 is open, the gripping gap 17 is in each case between the clamping piece 32 or its clamping surface 33 and the contact surface 34 on the laying roller 8, 9.
- the gripping element 18 is arranged on a shoe axis 35, which is used to control the Pivotal movement has a control lever 36.
- the control lever 36 carries a guide roller 37 and a stationary control cam 38 is also provided, with the aid of which the pivoting movements of the pivot axis 35 or the gripping element 18 are positively controlled.
- the control cam 38 is finally located on a cam carrier 39 which is arranged outside the depositing rollers 8, 9 (FIG. 3).
- each suction air duct 27 leads from the suction opening located in the lateral surface 40 of each laying roller 8, 9 through the respective gripping element 18 and then through its pivot axis 35 to the suction air control valve 30.
- the other suction channels 28 and 29 are connected to the suction air control valve 30 or its rotating control disk 44 through further bores 42 and 43.
- the bores 41, 42 and 43 are in air-conducting connection with control windows 41 ', 42' and 43 'assigned to them.
- the bores 42 and 43 run between the actual roller body and the control disk 44 in extension pieces 42 ′′ and 43 ′′ assigned to them.
- the suction air control valve 30 has a stationary control disk 45, in which there are suction air control channels 47, 58 and 59 and channels 47 'and 58' for atmospheric pressure compensation.
- the suction air control channels 47, 58 and 59 are connected by means of suction ports 46 and 46 'to a suction air source, not shown in the figures.
- the two control disks 44 and 45 effect the cyclical generation and cancellation of the suction air, the control windows 41 ′, 42 ′ and 43 ′ thereof being located on the control channels 47 and 47 ′ or 58, 58 ′ and 59, 58 ′. move past.
- the suction air control valve 30 is arranged concentrically by means of a bearing 30 '(FIG. 4) to the drive and bearing shaft 48 of the laying roller 8, 9 and secured in a rotationally fixed manner on the machine frame 15 by means of a bolt 49 (FIG. 3).
- Ball bearings 50 serve to mount the drive and bearing shaft 48 in the machine frame 15 and a gear 51 is provided for the drive, as can also be seen from FIG.
- the gripping element 18 or its pivoting and control lever 36 is acted upon by a spring 52 which presses the gripping element 18 into the closed position.
- the control cam 38 is used, which, via the guide roller 37 and the control lever 36, pivots the gripping element 18 with its clamping piece 32 into the open position when the gripping element 18 of the one laying roller 8 or 9 and the folding and folding cutter 16 the other depositing roller 8 or 9 are in the area of the nip 57 or its narrowest point, as shown in Figure 2.
- the part of the control cam 38 which causes the opening extends only over a relatively short arc in the area of the roller gap 57 and the lateral, upper edge of the stack 2, as is also shown in FIG. 2.
- the storage of the laying roller 8, 9 in the machine frame 15 takes place largely symmetrically according to FIG.
- the same also applies to the suction air control, so that one suction air control valve 30 is expediently arranged axially at each end of the laying roller 8, 9 (FIG. 3).
- the two laying rollers 8, 9 each have a plurality of gripping elements 18 and buckling and folding blades 16 axially next to one another. In between there are grooves 53 so that the laying rollers 8, 9 are slightly comb-shaped as a result.
- the gripping gap 17 extends radially. The same applies to the clamping surfaces 33 and the contact surfaces 34 on the laying rollers 8, 9.
- the kinking and folding blades 16, 20 and 21 are mounted in the laying rollers 8, 9 by means of elastic holders 60.
- each laying roller 8 or 9 is fed a material web prepared by separating cuts or single sheets 3, 3a are fed.
- a suction element 26 is required in each of the two laying rollers 8, 9 behind the kinking and folding blades 16, 20, 21.
- the double-layer web obtained in this way is only taken over by a laying roller 8 and fed to the nip 57.
- this laying roller 8 must be equipped with suction elements 26 behind the folding and folding blades 16, 20, 21.
- the other laying roller 9 does not require any suction elements behind its kinking and folding edges 16, 20 and 21.
- Both exemplary embodiments work according to the same method.
- the result of this is that one single sheet with the location of the fold to be formed and two other single sheets with their ends are pressed at the same point under lateral guidance from an original direction of movement and then fixed there with the formation of folds, the ends of the a single sheet lie in the fold of the other single sheet and that the single sheets are fixed mechanically and with suction air.
Claims (9)
- Dispositif pour la fabrication de feuilles individuelles (3) resp. de serviettes, en particulier en papier absorbant, déposées en se chevauchant en une pile (2) les unes dans les autres en forme de U resp. en zigzag à l'aide de deux jeux de rouleaux (4, 5) pour deux bandes de matière (6, 7), auquel cas deux cylindres de dépose coopérant pour la formation de pile ainsi que de plis sont disposés et entraînés dans un bâti de machine (15) et présentent, sur leur périphérie (25), au moins un tranchant de pliage et d'inflexion (16, 20, 21) ainsi que des éléments d'aspiration (24, 26), en outre, pour chaque bande de matière (6, 7), il est prévu au moins un cylindre à lames (11) équipé d'une lame de sectionnement (12) et de cylindres de transport, de renvoi resp. de traction (13 et 14), caractérisé en ce que chaque cylindre de dépose (8, 9) présente en supplément au moins un organe de préhension (18) mobile par rapport au cylindre de dépose, qu'il est disposé à chaque fois sur la périphérie (25) du cylindre de dépose (8, 9) au moins un élément d'aspiration (23) dans l'organe de préhension (18) et un élément d'aspiration (24) à côté de l'élément d'aspiration (18) ainsi qu'un élément d'aspiration (26) à côté du tranchant de pliage et d'inflexion (16, 20, 21).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de préhension (18) est disposé dans un évidement (31) ouvert vers la périphérie (25) du cylindre de dépose (8, 9).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de préhension (18) est une trappe,logée de manière pivotante, qui présente à son extrémité libre une pièce de serrage (32) avec une surface de serrage (33) et en ce que la surface de serrage (33) est associée, en outre, à une contre-surface faisant office de surface d'application (34) disposée rigidement sur le cylindre de dépose (8, 9).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de préhension (18) présente, près de sa surface de serrage (33), au moins un élément d'aspiration (23) se trouvant dans l'enveloppe (40) du cylindre de dépose (8, 9) sous forme d'un orifice d'aspiration avec un canal d'aspiration (27) rattaché.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé au moins un élément d'aspiration (26) resp. un orifice d'aspiration et un canal d'aspiration (29) rattaché dans le sens de rotation du cylindre de dépose (8, 9) directement derrière le tranchant de pliage et d'inflexion (16, 20, 21) et un élément d'aspiration (24) resp. un orifice d'aspiration et un canal d'aspiration rattaché (28) à proximité de l'évidement (31) logeant l'organe de préhension (18) en forme de trappe, auquel cas les éléments d'aspiration (24, 26) resp. les orifices d'aspiration se situent dans l'enveloppe (40) du cylindre de dépose (8, 9).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de préhension (18) est disposé sur un pivot (35) et que celui-ci présente, pour la commande du mouvement de pivotement, un levier de commande (36) qui est associé à une came de commande (38) stationnaire à l'extérieur du cylindre de dépose (8, 9).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pivot (35) de l'organe de préhension (18) présente un perçage oblong (41) qui est relié au canal d'aspiration d'air (27) de manière à assurer l'orientation de l'air.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque fois, il est prévu, pour chaque bande de matière (6, 7) resp. pour leurs feuilles individuelles (3), un jeu de rouleaux (4, 5) avec un cylindre de dépose (8 resp. 9) et avec au moins un cylindre à lames, de transport, de traction et/ou de renvoi (11, 13, 14) et que les bandes de matière (6, 7) resp. leurs feuilles individuelles (3) sont assemblées de manière décalée l'une par rapport à l'autre au niveau de la fente de cylindre (57) des deux cylindres de dépose (8, 9).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bandes de matière (6, 7), provenant chacune d'un cylindre à lames (11) et d'au moins un cylindre de traction et/ou de transport (13) sont rassemblées de manière décalée l'une par rapport à l'autre sur un cylindre de renvoi commun (14) et sont alors amenées ensemble sur l'un des deux cylindres de dépose (8) qui les reprend.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3923436A DE3923436A1 (de) | 1989-07-15 | 1989-07-15 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von papierstapeln |
DE3923436 | 1989-07-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0408912A1 EP0408912A1 (fr) | 1991-01-23 |
EP0408912B1 true EP0408912B1 (fr) | 1994-08-24 |
Family
ID=6385109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90111612A Expired - Lifetime EP0408912B1 (fr) | 1989-07-15 | 1990-06-20 | Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des piles de papier |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5147273A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0408912B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0346964A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3923436A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (60)
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DE102014212040A1 (de) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-24 | Faubel U. Co. Nachfolger Gmbh | Falzprodukt und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
CN105016131B (zh) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-06-13 | 全利机械股份有限公司 | 纤维制品折叠装置 |
US10449746B2 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2019-10-22 | C. G. Bretting Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Web processing system with multiple folding arrangements fed by a single web handling arrangement |
CN106429603B (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-10-10 | 江西欧克科技有限公司 | 一种可更换规格的面巾纸折叠机 |
IT201800002342A1 (it) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-02 | Perini Fabio Spa | Macchina interfogliatrice con diti separatori adiacenti a rispettivi rulli interfogliatori |
IT201900001579A1 (it) * | 2019-02-04 | 2020-08-04 | Mtc Macch Trasformazione Carta S R L | Unita’ di piega, o interfogliatura, di fogli di carta per una macchina per la trasformazione della carta |
CN111591824B (zh) * | 2020-05-14 | 2023-04-21 | 杨传萌 | 用于折叠一卷纸材的折纸机 |
CN111924628A (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-13 | 佛山市南海铭阳机械制造有限公司 | 抽式棉柔巾机的折叠棍 |
CN114455380B (zh) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-03-26 | 杭州临安华晟日用品有限公司 | 无纺布与纸制品的折叠分切装置 |
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US1966885A (en) * | 1931-03-19 | 1934-07-17 | Goss Printing Press Co Ltd | Folding mechanism |
DE636666C (de) * | 1934-09-29 | 1936-10-14 | August Koenig Dr Ing | Kombinierte Zylinder-Vorfalz- und -Zickzackfalzvorrichtungen zum Herstellen wechselseitig gefalteter Formularbaender o. dgl. aus Papierbahnen |
US2092952A (en) * | 1934-11-26 | 1937-09-14 | Samuel J Campbell | Paper interfolding machine |
US2872186A (en) * | 1956-07-10 | 1959-02-03 | Levey Fred K H Co Inc | Folder for printing presses |
US3363896A (en) * | 1965-08-04 | 1968-01-16 | Thomas W. Mckindary | Methods and apparatus for zig-zag folding a web |
US3490762A (en) * | 1967-09-07 | 1970-01-20 | Paper Converting Machine Co | Web-lapping machine |
CH483921A (de) * | 1968-04-17 | 1970-01-15 | Bay Otto | Maschine zum Falzen von Folienmaterial im Zickzackbruch |
US3572681A (en) * | 1969-06-03 | 1971-03-30 | Paper Converting Machine Co | Apparatus for interfolding webs |
AT330561B (de) * | 1973-08-03 | 1976-07-12 | Bunzl & Biach Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer stapelpackung mit zick-zack-artig ineinander gefalteten papiertuchern |
DE2533434A1 (de) * | 1975-07-25 | 1977-02-10 | Kawanoe Zoki K K | Falteinrichtung fuer bahnen |
US4070014A (en) * | 1975-07-28 | 1978-01-24 | Kawanoe Zoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Web folding apparatus |
DD137795A3 (de) * | 1976-12-23 | 1979-09-26 | Klaus Hertrich | Falzklappenzylinder fuer rotationsfalzer |
US4270744A (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1981-06-02 | C. G. Bretting Mfg. Co. Inc. | Tuckers on mechanical folding rolls |
DD153473A3 (de) * | 1979-12-27 | 1982-01-13 | Oskar Birke | Vorrichtung zur steuerung der falzklappen eines falzklappenzylinders |
US4494741A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1985-01-22 | John M. Rudolf | Tissue cutting and interfolding apparatus for Z webs |
US4691908A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-09-08 | Paper Converting Machine Company | Apparatus for interfolding |
DE3605085A1 (de) * | 1986-02-18 | 1987-08-20 | Hobema Maschf Hermann | Einrichtung zur herstellung und stapelung ein- oder mehrmals in querrichtung gefalteter bahnabschnitte aus papier, zellstoff, faservliesen o. dgl. |
DE3708016A1 (de) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-22 | Womako Masch Konstr | Vorrichtung zum zick-zack-falten einer materialbahn |
US4765604A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1988-08-23 | C. G. Bretting Manufacturing Company | Resilient creaser |
US4824426A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1989-04-25 | Paper Converting Machine Company | Method and apparatus for interfolding webs |
US4917665A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1990-04-17 | C. G. Bretting Manufacturing Co. Inc. | Bedroll interfolding machinery improvement |
US4778441A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1988-10-18 | C.G. Bretting Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Interfolding machinery improvement |
-
1989
- 1989-07-15 DE DE3923436A patent/DE3923436A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-06-20 DE DE59006888T patent/DE59006888D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-20 EP EP90111612A patent/EP0408912B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-06 JP JP2179388A patent/JPH0346964A/ja active Pending
- 1990-07-10 US US07/551,439 patent/US5147273A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59006888D1 (de) | 1994-09-29 |
JPH0346964A (ja) | 1991-02-28 |
EP0408912A1 (fr) | 1991-01-23 |
DE3923436A1 (de) | 1991-01-24 |
US5147273A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
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