Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
  • C11D3/3937—Stabilising agents
  • C11D3/394—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• This invention relates to liquid bleach compositions which may be thickened liquids suitable for sale and use as a domestic bleach.
• the compositions of the invention may be pourable liquids, albeit more viscous than water, or may be even more viscous liquids which cannot be poured easily. Thickening of a pourable domestic bleach helps the user to control dispensing of the composition and retards drainage from surfaces to which it is applied.
• a domestic bleach needs to be adequately stable so that a substantial proportion of the bleaching agent survives during storage between manufacture and use.
• commercial liquid bleach products have frequently utilised hypochlorite as bleaching agent.
• EP-B-9839 discloses that the stabilisation of hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions can be accomplished using certain specified phosphonate compounds. It also contains comparative results testing the effectiveness of various materials as stabilisers under alkaline conditions. These comparative results show that many materials which are known to stabilise acidic hydrogen peroxide have very little effect under alkaline conditions.
• colloidal hydrous stannic oxide One material which has been disclosed as a stabiliser for hydrogen peroxide in acidic solution is colloidal hydrous stannic oxide.
• US 3781409 and US 3607053 are examples of disclosures of the use of sodium stannate as a stabilising agent for acidic hydrogen peroxide solution.
• the sodium stannate is dissolved in an alkaline but peroxide-free solution which is then added as a stabiliser to very much larger volumes of acidic hydrogen peroxide solution.
• the sodium stannate will undergo hydrolysis to colloidal hydrous stannic oxide in the solution.
• the alkaline solution contains other salts in addition to sodium stannate but these are diluted to a very low electrolyte level when added to the acidic hydrogen peroxide solution.
• Pourable domestic liquid bleach is frequently thickened by including one or more surfactants which, in the presence of electrolyte, act to thicken the solution so that it becomes more viscous than water.
• any attempt to make a surfactant-thickened, alkaline domestic liquid bleach product using hydrogen peroxide as the bleaching agent would encounter the potential problem that the thickening of the solution would require the presence of some electrolyte but that this electrolyte would serve to accelerate decomposition of the peroxide.
• electrolyte inherently tends to bring about flocculation of colloidal suspensions. Consequently the presence of electrolyte also has the potential to bring about a reduction of the effectiveness of any stabilising agent which is in the form of a colloidal suspension.
• colloidal hydrous stannic oxide can act as a very effective stabilising agent for alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions. It is also surprising that colloidal hydrous stannic oxide will tolerate the inclusion of surfactant and electrolyte in sufficient quantities to effect thickening.
• the present invention provides a liquid bleaching composition which is an alkaline aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and also containing colloidal hydrous stannic oxide.
• the composition also contains a viscosity-increasing agent which is one or more surfactants in the presence of electrolyte.
• a composition according to the invention also contains an electrolyte other than surfactant, together with at least one surfactant which serves in the presence of electrolyte to increase the viscosity of the solution.
• the colloidal hydrous stannic oxide which is used as a stabilising agent is preferably formed in-situ in the solution as the product of hydrolysis of a soluble tin compound. Consequently in a second aspect this invention provides a method of preparing a liquid bleaching composition which comprises including in the composition, successively or together, hydrogen peroxide, sufficient alkaline material to give the solution an alkaline pH, and a tin compound capable of hydrolysis to stannic oxide, so that the tin compound is hydrolysed in the solution to colloidal hydrous stannic oxide.
• the hydrolysis may take place in a solution which is already thickened by the presence of surfactant therein, even though the peroxide may not yet have been added to the solution.
• tin compounds can be added to the solution to undergo hydrolysis to form the stannic oxide. Those preferred are tin sulphate and sodium stannate. Other tin compounds can be used, including tin dichloride and tin tetrachloride.
• concentrations of tin compound included in the composition may lie in the range from 10 ⁇ 4 molar to 10 ⁇ 2 molar, preferably 3 x 10 ⁇ 3 to 6 x 10 ⁇ 4 molar.
• the quantity of tin compound should not be substantially greater than necessary, since excess of it can itself cause peroxide decomposition.
• An optimum concentration of the tin compound can be determined by making test solutions with various concentrations of the tin compound and analytically determining the amount of peroxide retained on storage.
• compositions of this invention preferably have a pH in the range from 8.0 to 10.5, better 8.5 to 9.8 or 10.0, yet more preferably 8.7 to 9.3.
• a buffer may be included to set the pH.
• At least one surfactant to increase the viscosity of the composition. It is desirable that this surfactant or surfactants has the ability to thicken a solution in the presence of a fairly low electrolyte concentration. This may make it possible for the electrolyte to be provided by salts which are in the composition for another purpose, without deliberate addition of any salt for the sole purpose of enhancing ionic strength. Since electrolyte is known to be detrimental to hydrogen peroxide stability, it is desirable to keep the electrolyte concentration low. A further benefit of a low electrolyte concentration is a reduced tendency for the composition to leave streaks on a surface which is cleaned with it.
• alkyl ether sulphate having the formula: R(OC2H4) n OSO3M where R is an alkyl group, preferably linear alkyl, containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, n has an average value in the range from 0.5 to 12 better 1 to 6 and M is a solubilising cation, preferably alkali metal such as sodium.
• a pair of surfactants used to effect thickening may be a combination of a nonionic or amphoteric surfactant together with an anionic surfactant. Two specific possibilities are the combinations of:
• the total amount of surfactant(s) included may be a small proportion of the composition, for example the thickening surfactant(s) may constitute 0.75 to 3% of the composition. Larger amounts, giving greater viscosity, may be used but are less preferred.
• the weight ratio of amine oxide:alcohol sulphate preferably ranges from 82:18 or 80:20 to 65:35, better 80:20 to 70:30.
• Alkane sulphonate is preferred over alcohol sulphate, because the viscosity is less sensitive to changes in the composition, so making it easier to produce an end product with repeatable viscosity.
• the weight ratio of amine oxide to alkane sulphonate is preferably in the range from 80:20 to 50:50 or 65:35, better 70:30 to 65:35.
• the electrolyte concentration in a composition of this invention may be such that the total of salts other than surfactant is not more than 7% by weight, better not more than 5% or 3%.
• the electrolyte level may be such as to give a concentration of electrolyte in the range 0.05 to 0.30 molar, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 molar. Once again higher concentrations may be used but are less preferred.
• the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in compositions of this invention desirably lies in the range from 1 to 15% by weight preferably 2 to 10% by weight.
• An appropriate viscosity for a pourable composition having the appearance of a thick liquid is a dynamic viscosity in the range from 50 to 250 centipoise (0.05 to 0.25 Pa.sec), preferably about 100 centipoise (0.1 Pa.sec). More viscous liquids for example with viscosity in the range from 250 to 1000 centipoise or more are also within the scope of the invention.
• compositions of this invention are generally aqueous, they will usually have specific gravity close to unity. Consequently values of kinematic viscosities (in stokes) will be numerically approximately the same as values of dynamic viscosity (in poise). Dynamic viscosities expressed in Pascal.sec will be approximately 1000 times kinetic viscosities expressed in m2.sec ⁇ 1.
• Formulations were prepared containing the constituents set out in Table 1 below. The compositions were stored in plastic bottles at 37°C. At intervals aliquots were removed and titrated with potassium permanganate to determine the level of hydrogen peroxide remaining. Results are included in Table 1.
• the stabiliser in accordance with EP 9839 was diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid).
• Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, using formulations with the same amounts of hydrogen peroxide, surfactant, perfume and dye.
• Various tin compounds were used at a concentration of 6 x 10 ⁇ 3 molar, both with and without 3.0% borax decahydrate. Glass bottles were used, which are somewhat detrimental to stability. In every case pH was 9.6 initially. Proportions of hydrogen peroxide remaining after 28 days were:- SnCl2 with borax 68% Na2SnO3 with borax 47% SnSO4 with borax 45% Na2SnO3 without borax 96% SnSO4 without borax 95%
• Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a different surfactant and with stannous chloride as the tin salt.
• the surfactant used was a linear alkyl ether sulphate of general formula: R(OC2H4) n OSO3 Na where the alkyl group R was C11 and C13 linear alkyl groups, and n had an average value of 3.
• a comparative experiment replaced the stannous chloride with the same phosphonate stabiliser according to EP 9839 as used in Example 1.
• the formulations and results are set out in the following Table. Viscosities were determined using a Haake roto-viscometer and were approximately 100cP at a shear rate of 21 sec ⁇ 1.
• the composition was stored at 40 °C and the amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining was determined analytically at intervals. It was found that 75% of the hydrogen peroxide remained after 3 weeks.
• the quantities of surfactant and sodium chloride were such as to give viscosities well in excess of that preferred for a pourable type of bleach product. Smaller quantities could be used to give a "thick liquid" type of bleach product.
• Stannic chloride was used at a concentration of 2.3 x 10 ⁇ 3 molar.
• One surfactant system consisted of 4.5% by weight of C12-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide and 4.5% by weight sodium lauryl sulphate. This was used with a sodium chloride concentration of 9% by weight.
• the second surfactant system consisted of 5% by weight of C11-C15 secondary alcohol ethoxylated with average 3 ethylene oxide residues, and 5% by weight of sodium lauryl sulphate. This combination was used with 3.37% by weight sodium chloride.
• a base solution was prepared containing tallow dimethylamine oxide, sodium alkane sulphonate and borax. This was used to make up solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and colloidal stannic oxide, but two procedures were used.
• stannous chloride dihydrate was added to the base solution and stirred until it was completely dissolved or dispersed, after which hydrogen peroxide solution was added.
• the solution pH at this stage was 6.5. It was adjusted to pH 9.9 by adding 20% w/v sodium hydroxide solution and some distilled water.
• composition contained: Hydrogen peroxide (reckoned as anhydrous) 4.98g Tallow dimethylamine oxide 0.98g Sodium alkane sulphonate 0.48g Borax (reckoned as anhydrous) 1.6 g SnCl2.2H2O 0.14g Sodium hydroxide to give: pH 9.9 Water balance to 100g total
• a suspension of stannic oxide was prepared by dissolving 5g of stannous chloride dihydrate in approximately 115g distilled water, and then adding sodium hydroxide solution to give a pH of 9.7. The resulting suspension of stannic oxide was stored overnight.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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• 1988
  • 1988-12-28 GB GB888830296A patent/GB8830296D0/en active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-12-21 ZA ZA899842A patent/ZA899842B/xx unknown
  • 1989-12-21 ZA ZA899843A patent/ZA899843B/xx unknown
  • 1989-12-22 AU AU47271/89A patent/AU623961B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-12-22 AU AU47272/89A patent/AU624209B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-12-22 CA CA002006530A patent/CA2006530C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-12-22 CA CA002006531A patent/CA2006531C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-12-27 EP EP89313623A patent/EP0376704B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-27 NO NO895260A patent/NO173885C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-12-27 ES ES89313625T patent/ES2067559T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-27 DE DE68921182T patent/DE68921182T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-12-27 ES ES89313623T patent/ES2067558T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-27 IN IN354/BOM/89A patent/IN171127B/en unknown
  • 1989-12-27 NO NO895261A patent/NO172354C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-12-27 IN IN355/BOM/89A patent/IN170708B/en unknown
  • 1989-12-27 EP EP89313625A patent/EP0376706B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1989-12-28 JP JP1345129A patent/JPH0735520B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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