EP0357948A1 - Plieuse pour papier - Google Patents

Plieuse pour papier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0357948A1
EP0357948A1 EP89114146A EP89114146A EP0357948A1 EP 0357948 A1 EP0357948 A1 EP 0357948A1 EP 89114146 A EP89114146 A EP 89114146A EP 89114146 A EP89114146 A EP 89114146A EP 0357948 A1 EP0357948 A1 EP 0357948A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
folding
point
roller
deflection
fold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89114146A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0357948B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner King
Joachim Kurtz
Werner Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bauerle Mathias GmbH
Original Assignee
Bauerle Mathias GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bauerle Mathias GmbH filed Critical Bauerle Mathias GmbH
Priority to AT89114146T priority Critical patent/ATE82558T1/de
Publication of EP0357948A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357948A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0357948B1 publication Critical patent/EP0357948B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H45/00—Folding thin material
    • B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
    • B65H45/18—Oscillating or reciprocating blade folders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a paper folding machine with a pair of rollers forming a feed point, which determines the speed of the folding material feed, and with at least one pair of folding rollers forming a folding point running parallel thereto, in which a stop-free advance limiting device determining the respective folding length is arranged in a folding material feed path leading past the folding point which can be actuated individually for each folding process by a microprocessor and / or an electronic control device as a function of a flow measuring device.
  • a folded material guide is arranged in front of or behind a pair of folding rollers.
  • the leading folding material must be frictionally acting on the folding material Cut arresting and / or driving in the opposite direction flow limiter provided in the form of clamping elements or pressure rollers, the pressure rollers press the respective leading section of folded material onto the folding roller lying in the vicinity of the entrance to the folding material guide.
  • the feed limiter is actuated by sensors which are arranged in the feed tracks in front of each pair of folding rollers and which sense the leading edge of the folded material.
  • the flow limiter is actuated by electromagnets, for the control of which is the correct length, an electronic pulse generator synchronized with the folding rollers is provided.
  • an electronic pulse generator synchronized with the folding rollers is provided.
  • the pulses of the pulse generator are supplied as counting pulses to a presettable coincidence circuit, depending on the switching state or the switching states of the folded goods sensors, which, when the number of pulses coincides with the preset number, actuates the advance limiter and at the same time deletes the counting pulses in the coincidence circuit.
  • braking or stopping devices based on clamping or friction are provided as advance limiters in the advance tracks instead of the otherwise customizable paper stops based on clamping or friction, which the Hold the respective forward sections of the folded material and prevent further advance by electromagnetically actuating the folded material either frictionally against a stationary surface or against the circumferential outer surface of a folding roller press in order to bring about the formation of folds or the supply of the folded material to the subsequent fold point.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a paper folding machine of the generic type with a flow limiting device, which ensures lower fold length tolerances even at high speeds.
  • the forward limiting device has a knife-like or rod-shaped deflecting element which is arranged on the side of the folded material advance path which is opposite the folding point and extends over its width, and in that the deflecting element has a speed corresponding to the folded material advance with simultaneous, fold-forming deflection of the folded material is movable towards the fold.
  • the deflecting member is moved towards the fold at such a speed that after hitting the surface of the material to be folded it remains on the same point of the material to be folded during the further movement sequence and exactly the line of the material to be folded, along which it first struck on this, leads into the fold, so that the fold is formed along this line. This also ensures that there is no longer any relative movement between the folded material and the deflecting element during this deflecting movement, which ensures that the same high folding length accuracy is maintained at every working speed.
  • Another advantage which is achieved by the type of deflection of the folding material according to the invention towards the respective folding point is that the working noise is considerably reduced. Due to the positively guided deflection of the folded material by means of a deflecting member, the otherwise inevitable bumping noises that are common in upsetting folding machines and which suddenly change due to the shearing and tensile stresses on the paper arise, are greatly reduced or reduced to a minimum.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 in a frame 2 consisting of two plates 1 three folding rollers W1, W2 and W3 arranged so that their axes A1, A2 and A3 lie in the corners of a right-angled, isosceles triangle or in a horizontal plane E1 and a vertical plane E2 and that they in pairs form a first fold point F1 and a second fold point F2 when touching the lateral surfaces of the folding rollers W1, W2, W3.
  • two transport rollers or rollers T1 and T2 form a feed point E.
  • two further transport roller or transport rollers T3 and T4 are arranged, which together form an output point A through which the folded material passes the folding machine leaves again.
  • the feed point E is arranged in such a way that the incoming folding material passes approximately tangentially via the first folding roller W1 past the first folding point F1 onto a paper guide 3, which in the present case lies in the same horizontal plane as the feeding point E, so that it is together with it forms the advance path 4, indicated by a dash-dotted line and passing the first fold point F2.
  • a paper guide 3 which guide the folded material in the advance path.
  • These swivel levers 7 are in turn on a common one Shaft 8 rotatably arranged so that they are axially outside the two end faces of the folding roller W1 and can thus be pivoted past this.
  • the shaft 8 is mounted eccentrically to the axis A1 of the folding roller W1 below the advance path 4 between the folding roller W1 and the feed point E in the frame 2.
  • a cam plate 10 is provided which is mounted on a shaft 9 mounted below the folding roller W1 and which can be brought into a geared connection with the folding roller W1 at times via a single-speed clutch 14, for example via a wrap spring clutch, and via gears 15 and 16.
  • a sensing roller 11 of a second lever arm 12 of the pivoting lever 7 bears against the lateral surface of this cam plate 10, on which a tension spring 13 acts in the corresponding direction.
  • the respective engagement of the one-way clutch 14 takes place by means of a pawl 17, which is actuated by an electromagnet 18 and, in its rest position, engages in a locking manner under a locking shoulder 19 of a control ring 20 of the one-way clutch 14. If the electromagnet 18 is briefly energized, the pawl 17 releases the control ring 20 for one revolution of the shaft 9 with the cam plate 10.
  • the timely excitation of the electromagnet 18 is controlled by an already known in principle electronic control device or with the aid of a microprocessor as a function of a flow measuring device, also not shown here.
  • a deflection element 6 ' is also for the second fold point F2. provided that is on the fold point F2 opposite side of the second leader 4 '.
  • This lead path 4 ' closes in the vertical direction tangential to the folding roller W3 to the folding point F1.
  • This deflector 6 ' is in the same manner as the deflector 6 knife-shaped and attached to two pivot levers 7' of the common shaft 8 ', which is also from a cam 10' via a single-speed clutch 14 and a feeler roller 11 'against the action of a tension spring 13 be operated.
  • a paper guide 21 is arranged between the folding point F2 and the output point A.
  • this paper folding machine is essentially as follows:
  • the folded material arriving through the feed point E in the advance path 4 is scanned by means of sensors (not shown) which, for example, measure the lead length with the aid of a counting device, continuously enter the measurement result in an electronic coincidence circuit in which a predetermined value is stored depending on the type of fold and the format length.
  • the electromagnet 18 of the first single-speed clutch 14 driving the cam plate 10 is briefly excited, so that the cam plate 10 rotates through 360 ° and thereby causes a pivoting movement of the pivoting lever 7 and at the same time a deflecting movement of the deflecting element 6 towards the folding point F1.
  • the folding material moving in the advance path 4 also becomes
  • Fold point F1 deflected so far that it can be detected by the two folding rollers W1 and W2 to form the fold point F1 and can be transported into the advance path 4 '.
  • the second cam 10 ' which the second deflection member 6' is actuated by an electronic control in dependence on a flow meter 4 'located in the advance path via the second single-speed clutch 14 in such a way that the deflection element 6' which is in the second advance path 4 'located fold material is measured in the correct length at the correct point and deflects towards the fold point F2, where the second fold formation then takes place.
  • the folded folded material is then ejected via the paper guide 21 by the two transport rollers T3 and T4.
  • the deflection movements of the deflection elements 6 and 6 ' are controlled in terms of speed so that they rest on the folded material Edges of the deflection elements 6 and 6 'do not change their position on the folded material during the deflection movement, ie the deflection movements of the deflection elements 6 and 6' are matched to the forward speed of the folded material.
  • the two folding points F1 and F2 are formed by three folding rollers W1, W2 and W3, which are mounted together in the horizontal plane E1. It is from the indicated direction of rotation arrows of these folding rollers W1 to W3 recognizable that the folded material passes through the first fold point F1 from top to bottom and the second fold point from bottom to top.
  • the two transport rollers or rollers T1 and T2 which form the feed point E and paper guides 5, through which the incoming folded material tangentially to the roller W1 in the horizontal direction across the fold point F1 onto an obliquely upward paper guide 3 ' running.
  • the first lead path 4 thus runs essentially the same as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • a diverting web 22 which conveys the incoming material in the vertical direction around the middle folding roller W2 into a horizontal, through a pocket-like, but non-stop paper guide 23 certain leading path 4 ', which, like the leading path 4 a dash-dotted line is indicated.
  • a thin rod-shaped or wire-shaped deflection element 25 is fastened at a small radial distance from the folding roller W1 on two on the two end faces of the folding roller W1 coaxially mounted to this segment-like pivoting lever 24, which axis-parallel to the folding roller W1 runs and, due to its radial distance from the folding roller W1, is at the same time on the side of the advance path 4 opposite the first folding point F1.
  • the leading path 4 is namely set so that they in the starting or rest position shown in Fig. 4 Swivel lever 24 passes between the lateral surface of the folding roller W1 and the deflection member 25.
  • the pivot levers 24 are each under the influence of tension springs 26, which exert a torque in the direction of rotation of the folding roller W1 on the pivot levers and thus also on the deflection member 25. At the same time, however, the pivot levers 24 are locked in an electrically releasable manner in their initial position shown in FIG. 4, specifically by means of a pawl 27 which can be actuated by an electromagnet 28 in the sense of unlocking. So that after unlocking the swivel levers 24 they do not move faster than the folding roller W1, but synchronously with them, one-way clutches 29 are arranged between the swivel levers 24 and the shaft 58 of the folding roller W1.
  • This one-way clutches 29 allow a free pivoting movement of the locking lever 24 against the direction of rotation of the folding roller W1, but prevent the pivoting lever 24 from moving faster in the direction of rotation of the folding roller W1 than this itself. This is a synchronous operation between the folding roller W1 and the deflection member 25 or the swivel levers 24 in the deflection direction, ie towards the fold point F1, are guaranteed. This pivoting movement of the pivoting lever 24 is limited by a possibly adjustable stop 30.
  • This stop 30 is set or arranged such that the deflection member 25, when it is moved with the loop-like deflection of the sheet of sheet below it, only so far in the direction of rotation of the folding roller W1 can that it itself does not get into the folding point F1, but on the other hand the folded material is so close to the Folding point F1 deflects that the folded material is gripped by the two folding rollers W1 and W2 forming the folding point F1 to form the fold and is conveyed through the folding point F1. As soon as the pivot levers 24 have reached the deflection position shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG.
  • This return drive consists of a friction roller 31 which is rotatably fastened to a two-armed lever 32 and can be pressed against a segment arc 33 of a pivoting lever 24 which runs concentrically to the axis A1 of the folding roller W1.
  • the lever 32 is pivotally arranged on a shaft 34 mounted eccentrically to the folding roller W1 in the frame 2 and can be pivoted by an electromagnet 35, the armature 36 of which engages on the lever arm opposite the friction roller 31.
  • the folding roller W2 is also equipped with the same deflection device as the folding roller W1. The only difference is that the arrangement of the deflecting device of the folding roller W2 is arranged upside down with respect to that of the folding roller W1.
  • the return drive for the two swivel levers 24 with the deflection member 25 is also constructed exactly the same as that of the swivel lever 24 of the folding roller W1.
  • the electromagnet 28 is excited by a corresponding pulse from an electronic measuring and control device, so that the Pawl 27 releases the pivot lever 24 with the deflecting member 25 and causes them to deflect the folded material towards the folding point F2 in synchronism with the roller W2.
  • the deflection device of the folding roller W2 has the same parts as that Deflection device of the folding roller W1 and it also works in the same way. For this reason, the corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numbers.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 two variants of the paper folding machine shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are shown schematically, in which the pivoting levers 25/1 on the swiveling levers present in the same way as in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6 are shown 24 instead of a rod-shaped or wire-shaped element, a rotatably mounted roller 25/1 or a cylindrical round rod is provided.
  • the arrangement of the deflecting member 25/1 which is designed as a freely rotatable roller or round rod, is such that it has a radial distance from the lateral surface of the folding roller W1 and the incoming folded material in the advance path 4 is free between them can run through both parts.
  • the deflection movement of the pivot lever 24 with the deflection member 25/1 takes place so far in this case that the deflection member 25/1, as shown in FIG. 8, presses the folded material against the lateral surface of the folding roller W2, so that at the point of impact 43 a friction drive between the folded material and the folding roller W2 to the folding point F1 comes about.
  • This can be an advantage, especially with thick or stiffer types of paper.
  • the deflection member 25/1 which likewise consists of a rotatable roller, is mounted in the pivoting levers 24 in such a way that it is connected with the lateral surface of the folding roller W1 is in frictional connection and the folding material entering the advance path 4 is already brought into frictional connection with the folding roller W1 in the starting position of the pivoting lever 24.
  • This frictional connection is also maintained when the deflection movement to the folding point F1 takes place, so that here, too, an additional advance of the folded material to the folding point F1 takes place when the deflection movement of the pivoting lever 24 or the deflection element 25/1 has come to a standstill.
  • the deflection member 25/1 which likewise consists of a rotatable roller
  • the deflection element of the folding roller W2 can also be designed and arranged accordingly.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 or 9 and 10 otherwise correspond to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6, wherein for the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 also fixed or adjustable stops 30 for the pivot levers 24 are used Limitation of the deflection movement can be provided.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 a further embodiment of the paper folding machine according to the invention is shown schematically in a highly simplified manner, in which four folding rollers W1, W2, W3 and W4 are provided to form the two folding points F1 and F2, the folding rollers W1 and W2 being the folding point F1 and the folding rollers W3 and W4 form the folding point F2. While the folding rollers W1 and W2 are arranged in a horizontal plane E1, the folding rollers W3 and W4 are in a horizontal plane E3 arranged below. The arrangement is such that there is a distance between the folding roller W2 and the folding roller W3, through which the second leading path 4 'is passed.
  • the leading path 4 which is indicated in a dash-dotted line, is determined by the paper guides 5 and 3, while the second leading path 4 'by one Paper guide 3 'above the fourth folding roller W4 and a diverting web 43 arranged between the folding point F1 and the third folding roller W3 is determined.
  • the folding rollers W1 and W3 arranged in front of the folding point F1 and F2, respectively, are each provided with five thin rod-shaped or wire-shaped deflection members 25, which are attached to star-shaped holders 44 in an axis-parallel manner to the folding rollers W1 and W3 so that they each have the same angular distances of 72 ° from each other and each have the same radial distances from the outer surface of the folding roller W1 or W3, so that the folded material is unimpeded between the folding roller W1 or W3 and the just above the leader 4 or 4 'located deflection member 25 can pass through.
  • the holders 44 consist of five-armed disks and are each end-mounted coaxially with the folding rollers W1 and W3 on their shafts 45 and 46, respectively.
  • stepping clutches 47 these holders 44 can be individually coupled to the shafts 45 and 46, respectively, for a movement step of 72 °.
  • These stepping clutches can be designed, for example, as so-called wrap spring clutches, each of which has a control ring 48.
  • This control ring 48 is provided on its circumference 5 with five radial recesses 49, each offset by 72 ° from one another, each of which has a radial locking shoulder 50.
  • a locking pawl 51 engages, which is on the one hand under the influence of a tension spring 52 and on the other hand an electromagnet 53. While the tension spring 52 pulls the pawl 51 into engagement with one of the recesses 49, the electromagnet 53, when briefly excited to trigger a deflection movement of the folded material, releases the control ring 48 by deflecting the pawl 51 so that it comes out of engagement with the locking shoulder 50 in the radial direction. As a result of the rotary movement which then begins immediately, the control ring 48 is released together with the holder 44 for a switching step of 72 °.
  • the deflecting members Since the pawl 51 is only briefly deflected by the electromagnet 53, it falls into the next recess 49 of the control ring 48 and thus stops the control ring 48 and the holder 44 again until the Electromagnet 53 receives the next deflection pulse. 1 to 10, the deflecting members must each be returned to their starting position by a backward movement, the deflecting member 25 which has come to a standstill immediately before the folding point F1 or F2 passes through the folding point F1 or F2.
  • the arrangement is such that, after each switching step or a folding operation, a deflecting member 25 comes to a standstill in the position shown in FIG.
  • the folding rollers W2 and W4 can each so that the deflection members 25 can also easily pass the folding points F1 and F2 be provided with an elastic jacket and / or be radially elastically supported with respect to the associated folding roller W1 or W3.

Landscapes

  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
EP89114146A 1988-09-09 1989-08-01 Plieuse pour papier Expired - Lifetime EP0357948B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89114146T ATE82558T1 (de) 1988-09-09 1989-08-01 Papierfalzmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3830656A DE3830656C1 (fr) 1988-09-09 1988-09-09
DE3830656 1988-09-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0357948A1 true EP0357948A1 (fr) 1990-03-14
EP0357948B1 EP0357948B1 (fr) 1992-11-19

Family

ID=6362596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89114146A Expired - Lifetime EP0357948B1 (fr) 1988-09-09 1989-08-01 Plieuse pour papier

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5092833A (fr)
EP (1) EP0357948B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0643231B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE82558T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3830656C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2036307T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4012859C2 (de) * 1990-04-23 1993-12-16 Baeuerle Gmbh Mathias Stauchfalzmaschine mit Beilagenzuführeinrichtung
DE4114105C2 (de) * 1991-04-30 1994-09-15 Baeuerle Gmbh Mathias Stauchfalzmaschine
US5226871A (en) * 1991-07-03 1993-07-13 Rockwell International Corporation Folder with gradual guide assembly and method
IT1249953B (it) * 1991-07-08 1995-03-30 Bonelli Ind S R L Macchina piegatrice, particolarmente per la realizzazione di segnature da stampa
DE19805320B4 (de) * 1998-02-10 2006-05-18 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Vorrichtung zum Legen einer Folienbahn in Z-förmige Falten
FR2795058B1 (fr) * 1999-06-21 2001-09-28 Const Et D Innovations Atel Module de pliage de documents
RU2250832C2 (ru) * 2000-05-17 2005-04-27 Кениг Унд Бауер Акциенгезельшафт Фальцевальный аппарат
GB0107883D0 (en) * 2001-03-29 2001-05-23 Morgana Systems Ltd Folding machine
GB0122381D0 (en) * 2001-09-15 2001-11-07 Morgana Systems Ltd Creasing and folding process
JP4021705B2 (ja) * 2002-05-23 2007-12-12 キヤノンファインテック株式会社 シート後処理装置及びこの装置を備えた画像形成装置
DE102005053436B3 (de) * 2005-11-09 2007-03-15 Maschinenbau Oppenweiler Binder Gmbh & Co. Kg Falzmaschine mit Drehgestell
US11297984B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2022-04-12 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US10383489B2 (en) * 2012-02-10 2019-08-20 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
JP2015096439A (ja) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 株式会社瑞光 シート状構造物の折畳装置
JP5904222B2 (ja) 2014-02-06 2016-04-13 コニカミノルタ株式会社 用紙折り装置及び画像形成装置
KR20200029864A (ko) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-19 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. 이송 롤러가 접이 롤러 주위로 부분적으로 회전 가능한 용지 접이 장치
WO2021246168A1 (fr) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-09 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Appareil de post-traitement
JP2023092561A (ja) * 2021-12-22 2023-07-04 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 シート折り装置およびそれを備えたシート後処理装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE519140C (de) * 1927-03-30 1931-02-24 E H Georg Spiess Dr Ing Falzmaschine
DD101875A1 (fr) * 1972-12-15 1973-11-20
DE2738689B2 (de) * 1977-08-27 1980-07-03 Mathias Baeuerle Gmbh, 7742 St Georgen Stauchfalzmaschine mit Falztaschen

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837005A (en) * 1928-07-26 1931-12-15 Wood Newspaper Mach Corp Pin for folding cylinders
US1900288A (en) * 1930-08-21 1933-03-07 Wood Newspaper Mach Corp Folding cylinder
DE673176C (de) * 1937-05-01 1939-03-16 Max Paul Kunze Vorrichtung zum zwanglaeufigen Foerdern der vorderen, in die Falztasche eingelaufenenBogenhaelfte eines Bogens in Stauchfalzmaschinen
SU441773A1 (ru) * 1973-07-12 1976-05-25 Типография Издательства "Известия" Фальцаппарат ударного типа газетных ротационных печатных машин
DE2757182C2 (de) * 1977-12-22 1983-09-29 Mathias Bäuerle GmbH, 7742 St Georgen Stauchfalzmaschine
FR2412485A2 (fr) * 1977-12-26 1979-07-20 Duflot Rene Machine a plier des nappes de tissu, telles que des draps
FR2497782B1 (fr) * 1981-01-09 1985-08-02 Mabotex Machine automatique de coupe, de pliage et de conditionnement des feuilles de materiaux souples, debitees en bandes enroulees

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE519140C (de) * 1927-03-30 1931-02-24 E H Georg Spiess Dr Ing Falzmaschine
DD101875A1 (fr) * 1972-12-15 1973-11-20
DE2738689B2 (de) * 1977-08-27 1980-07-03 Mathias Baeuerle Gmbh, 7742 St Georgen Stauchfalzmaschine mit Falztaschen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5092833A (en) 1992-03-03
EP0357948B1 (fr) 1992-11-19
ATE82558T1 (de) 1992-12-15
DE3830656C1 (fr) 1989-11-23
JPH02110078A (ja) 1990-04-23
ES2036307T3 (es) 1993-05-16
JPH0643231B2 (ja) 1994-06-08

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