EP0309487A1 - Parc de stockage, notamment parc de stationnement. - Google Patents

Parc de stockage, notamment parc de stationnement.

Info

Publication number
EP0309487A1
EP0309487A1 EP87905742A EP87905742A EP0309487A1 EP 0309487 A1 EP0309487 A1 EP 0309487A1 EP 87905742 A EP87905742 A EP 87905742A EP 87905742 A EP87905742 A EP 87905742A EP 0309487 A1 EP0309487 A1 EP 0309487A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transport
stations
parking
grate
vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87905742A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0309487B1 (fr
Inventor
Eduard Knakrick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87905742T priority Critical patent/ATE60396T1/de
Publication of EP0309487A1 publication Critical patent/EP0309487A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0309487B1 publication Critical patent/EP0309487B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
    • E04H6/12—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles
    • E04H6/18—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions
    • E04H6/28—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions characterised by use of turntables or rotary rings for horizontal transport
    • E04H6/282—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions characterised by use of turntables or rotary rings for horizontal transport turntables, rotary elevators or the like on which the cars are not permanently parked
    • E04H6/287—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions characterised by use of turntables or rotary rings for horizontal transport turntables, rotary elevators or the like on which the cars are not permanently parked using comb-type transfer means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for parking and parking vehicles in parking facilities and the associated parking facility, which can also be used as a storage facility for other purposes, with the features in the preamble of the main method and device claim.
  • AT-PS 246 046 shows a spiral storage system in which the vehicles travel on a platform along a spiral path to the surrounding parking spaces and are set there via a transfer device or picked up again for parking.
  • the known arrangement has the disadvantage, on the one hand, that it is not possible to load several vehicles at the same time, so that there are disproportionately long waiting times.
  • the transfer device is not reliable and leads to considerable damage to the vehicles. It consists of a swiveling and height-adjustable gripper arrangement, which grasps the front wheels of the vehicle to be moved, lifts and thus shifts the vehicle for parking and exiting.
  • the grippers are not equally suitable for all wheel sizes and vehicle weights and therefore easily damage the tires.
  • the vehicle When moving, the vehicle must roll on the rear wheels, which presupposes that the handbrake was released and the neutral gear was engaged when the vehicle was delivered. There are also problems with a vehicle tilted at the point of delivery or with the front wheels turned.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a possibility for faster, more cost-effective and more reliable parking and unparking of vehicles.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features in the characterizing part of the method and device main claim.
  • the vehicle no longer has to roll when it is transferred between the individual stations and the transport device, but rather has to underpinned and raised. This means that all types of vehicles can be moved, especially when the vehicle is being dropped off in the entry station, no more precise positioning requirements have to be met.
  • the vehicle can be gripped under in different ways, for example on the body or on all wheels.
  • the storage or parking facility according to the invention offers particular advantages, which can also be used successfully for any other body.
  • the sliding floor with its profiled support surface engages under the vehicle wheels at their contact surfaces and thus lifts the vehicle at its support points, which are already structurally predetermined and can withstand high loads.
  • the orientation of the vehicle is not changed, so that there is no danger of tipping, rolling or any other undesirable position change of the vehicle:
  • a vehicle standing in an entry, exit or parking station is charged by retracting the sliding floor with its Wing under the storage area of the station.
  • the wing is then raised, penetrating the bearing surface through its design in the counter profile and lifting the vehicle.
  • the supporting surface of the sliding floor rises completely over the bearing surface of the station floor and is then withdrawn or it only lifts the vehicle a little and is then moved back within the bearing surface.
  • the procedure for unloading is the reverse.
  • the bearing and wing surfaces can be designed differently. Particularly advantageous is the shape of a grate with several arms, which is open at least on one side, in order to enable the aforementioned movement of the two surfaces in relation to one another.
  • Beaded grids with parallel and longitudinal arms are a simple and heavy-duty design, in which the recesses in the station grates also provide a support and storage area for the sliding grates with their trolleys. For precise positioning, it is advisable to provide the same and aligned gratings in the station and the transport box, which provide centering and guidance for the sliding grate.
  • the other embodiment of the raised station grates with laterally projecting arms enables the use of curved arms, which in some cases create a more favorable overlap with the contact surfaces of the vehicle wheels or other goods.
  • the sliding floor consisting of the grate, trolleys and a lifting device can also be easily moved on both sides relative to the transport box, which is not possible with a transfer device according to AT-PS 246 046.
  • the transfer device according to the invention can advantageously also be used in other parking facilities. It enables fast access times with optimal operational security. This is primarily due to the fact that the transfer device accesses vehicles that have already been made available in the drive-in boxes, which greatly reduces the transfer times. In the prior art, however, the vehicles first have to be maneuvered onto the waiting transfer device. Conversely, with the transfer device according to the invention, the vehicle is parked in the exit station and can then be climbed with ease by the occupants and driven away. It only needs to be provided on the transport boxes, so that the construction effort and the construction costs can be kept low.
  • the transfer device also saves costs in other ways by allowing the stations to be designed in a very simple manner, which in principle only consists of the storage areas or grates and support elements. Lateral boundaries, interconnects or the like are unnecessary.
  • the invention also allows a wide range of variations in the number and arrangement of the entry and exit stations. Thanks to their similar structure, the stations can be used universally and can be used either to drop off or pick up the vehicles. By arranging several such stations and optimizing the conveyor system, which is preferably controlled by a computer, with simultaneous vertical and horizontal movement, the waiting times for vehicle delivery and collection can be significantly minimized.
  • the preferred embodiments of the storage facilities optimize the adaptation and change options to predetermined property situations and neighboring buildings.
  • the parking facilities can be designed in one or more floors, round, square and rectangular and in other similar variants.
  • the modular design creates subsequent change options and a favorable cost / benefit ratio.
  • the similarity of the entry, exit and parking stations is very beneficial to the desired modular design.
  • 1 and 2 in side view and top view of a parking facility with several stations for delivering, parking and picking up vehicles, a transport device and transfer devices, 3 - 5 a transfer device in plan view,
  • Fig. 32 - 37 details of the center column and the
  • 1, 23 and 27 show a parking device (1) in side view, which has a plurality of parking stations (3), to which the vehicles delivered at one or more entry stations (4) are brought via a transport device (2) with a transfer device (6) become.
  • the pick-up takes place in the opposite way at exit stations (5).
  • the parking device (1) is designed as an essentially cylindrical tower, in which the evenly distributed stations (3, 4, 5) surround the inner transport device in a ring. 1 and 2, the stations (3) are arranged one above the other in several separate levels, the transport device (2) carrying out rotary movements and lifting and lowering movements for distributing the vehicles.
  • the stations (3, 4, 5) are arranged in a continuous, screw or spiral spiraling plane.
  • the transport device (2) also performs rotation and lifting or Lowering movements, which, however, are coupled to one another as a result of the spiral path. 1 and 2, the movements are independent of each other.
  • FIG. 23 shows a parking facility (1) with a linear arrangement of the stations (3, 4, 5) in one or more rows above and / or next to one another.
  • the Transport device (2) accordingly carries out linear displacement movements and / or lifting and lowering movements.
  • a row arrangement of stations (3, 4, 5) can also be provided on both sides of the transport device (2) (FIG. 26)
  • the transport devices (2) include in allParksbei play a conveyor (8) with one or more transport boxes (7) on which the vehicles are moved back and forth between the stations (3,4,5). The vehicles are transferred or picked up to the stations (3, 4, 5) by means of a transfer device (6).
  • the transfer device (6) in the various embodiments of FIGS. 3-22 each consists of one or more sliding shelves (13) with profiled wings (14) and bearing surfaces (15) adapted to them in the different stations (3,4,5 ).
  • the vehicles stand on the wings (14) and bearing surfaces (15).
  • the stations (3, 4, 5) are identical to one another in the design of the bearing surfaces (15), so that the entry stations (4) can also serve as exit stations (5) and vice versa.
  • the sliding shelves (13) are usually assigned to the transport boxes (7), each of which has its own.
  • the wings (14) and bearing surfaces (15) are designed in the exemplary embodiments shown as multi-arm grids, which are profiled complementary to each other.
  • the gratings (14, 15) are also open at least on one side, so that the sliding gratings (14) can pass through the station gratings (15) in the vertical direction.
  • the grids (14, 15) can also be moved into one another in their longitudinal direction.
  • the gratings (14, 15) must disengage for a relative movement in the longitudinal direction.
  • the transport box (7) with the sliding floor (13) is positioned opposite the station. Then the sliding floor (13) with its sliding grate (14) is moved into or under the station grate (15). During the subsequent lifting movement, the sliding grate (14) passes through the station grate (15), engages under the vehicle on its wheels and lifts it off the station grate (15). The sliding floor (13) is then moved back onto the transport box (7) with the sliding grate (14) raised and, if necessary, lowered again.
  • the process is reversed, in that the sliding floor (13) moves into the station with the vehicle raised.
  • the sliding grate (14) is then lowered through the station grate (15), see above. that the vehicle comes to rest on the latter. After the sliding floor (13) has been withdrawn, the transfer process has ended and the transport box (7) can be moved to another station for picking up a new vehicle.
  • the transfer device (6) shows bead-shaped gratings (14, 15).
  • the grate arms (54) are arranged parallel and at a distance from one another along the direction of displacement. They consist of box or U profiles (51.52).
  • the grate profiles (52) are placed on a continuous floor (11). A larger space remains in the middle than between the other grate profiles (52).
  • the sliding floor (13) comprises a chassis (16) and a lifting device (17) for the grate arms (54) and a drive (19) for the Displacement movement.
  • a grate (15) is arranged on the bottom (12) of the transport box (7), which is similar to that of the station (3, 4, 5) and is aligned in the transfer position of the transport box. The sliding grate (14) is thus guided in the rest position on the transport box (7) and during the transfer process continuously rail-like.
  • the drive (19) consists of a motor (19) which is arranged at the end of the transport box (7) and which drives a carriage (20) via a spindle (50).
  • the spindle (50) extends inside and along the widened central groove of the grate (15).
  • the carriage is engaged by a pin guide (21) with a crossbar at the rear end of the lifting device (17).
  • the lifting device (17) connects the freely projecting arms (54) of the sliding grate (14) to one another at their rear end.
  • the movement of the slide (20) is thus converted into a linear displacement movement of the grate (14).
  • the length of the sliding grate (14) determines the size of the available parking space for the vehicle and is slightly shorter than the length of the two grids (15) for a complete transfer.
  • the sliding grate (14) also has a widened space in the middle.
  • the U-shaped profiles (51) of the sliding grate (14) are drives (16) with which the profiles roll on the floor (11, 12) in the free space of the grids (15) during the sliding movement.
  • the trolleys (16) consist of a housing (49), here in the form of a rod, for the individual rollers, which is gripped by the grate profiles (51).
  • the housings (49) are connected via a toggle lever mechanism (22) on the one hand to a hydraulic cylinder or another drive of the lifting device (17) and on the other hand via small swivel levers to the grate profiles (51). As shown in Fig.
  • the lifting device (17) is rigidly connected to the carriage (16) and acts on the grate profiles (51).
  • the longitudinal direction of the vehicles and the direction of displacement or the longitudinal direction of the grids (14, 15) coincide.
  • the vehicles can also be arranged transversely to the direction of displacement and grating, as a result of which the grilles become shorter and wider. This variant manages with shorter displacement distances.
  • the undercarriage groups three of which are arranged under each profile (51) (see FIG. 11), have a box-shaped housing (49) which is overlapped by the U-shaped profiles (51). At the ends of the housing (49), upwardly open angle modules are arranged, in which square hydraulic cylinders (45) of the lifting device (17) are fitted in accordance with the tolerance. There are two on the outside Stop pin (46) is provided for guiding and limiting the lifting movement.
  • the profiles (51) are screwed to the outer part of the hydraulic cylinders (45) on the upper side from the outside with countersunk screws to reduce the spreading forces on the U-profiles (51) under extreme loads, via the hydraulic cylinders (45) and the angle modules also the trolleys (16) in the longitudinal direction with respect to the grate profiles (51).
  • Hydraulic lines (47) for supplying pressure to the cylinders (45) extend in the longitudinal direction between the housing (49) and the grate profiles (51).
  • the lines (47) are protected against squeezing by spacer blocks (48) arranged near the cylinder, which at the same time ensure a reduction in the vibration forces in the lowered position of the grate profiles (51).
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the above arrangement in front view, while Figs. 11 and 12 offer top views in the rest and working positions.
  • the station grate (15) is arranged at a distance on a central rail above the station floor (11). They have a central web (53) extending in the direction of displacement and arms (54) projecting laterally therefrom, which can also be bent or angled according to FIG. 22.
  • no grate is provided in the transport box (7); it can relieve the sliding floor but can also be arranged in addition.
  • the sliding floor (13) contains a portal frame (24) that rolls over drives (16) on laterally spaced and aligned rails (18) in the stations (3, 4, 5) and in the transport box (7).
  • the rails (18) are shown axially distanced in the drawings only for clarity.
  • the transport box (7) has an encompassing, box-shaped box frame (23), on the top of which the drive (19) for the displacement movement and, if necessary, additional guidance of the portal frame (24) is seated.
  • the drives (19) are duplicated here and allow the portal frame (24) to be moved to both sides (cf. FIG. 26).
  • a lifting device (17) in the form of a chain hoist or the like is accommodated in the gantry frame (24) in the corner stands, at the ends of which longitudinal beams for the sliding grate (14) are attached.
  • the grate arms (54) protrude from the outside inwards and leave a space between them for the central web (53) of the station grate (15).
  • the grids are impermeable in the direction of displacement and are only open on the two long sides in order to allow passage in the vertical direction.
  • the sliding grate (14) is lowered under the station grate (15) and this can then be moved in the longitudinal direction between the floor (11) and grate (15 ) happen.
  • the sliding grate (14) is lifted into the position shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 with the lifting device (17) and moves at a distance above the station grate (15) during the rearward sliding movement. If a station grate is arranged in the transport box (7), the vehicle can be lowered onto it.
  • the transfer device (6) loads the vehicle in a stationary state, for which purpose no exact positioning in the entry station (4) is required.
  • the vehicle can neither tip nor roll or move in any other way during transport.
  • the division of the grids (14, 15) in the examples 3-12 shown is such that a secure support of the vehicle wheels when passing and transferring from one grate to another is always guaranteed. In the case of grate arms oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle according to the examples from FIGS. 14-22, the distances are anyway less critical.
  • FIG. 23 shows a front view of a parking unit (1) with entry and / or exit stations (4, 5), which have the same width and length as a double parking station (3).
  • the stations (3, 4, 5) thus form modules that can be put together in any way in a Ba u k a t en s y s t em m i t e i n r ge e i gn e t en T ra n s po rt device.
  • FIG. 24 shows this arrangement in plan view for a single-row parking system (1), while FIG. 26 shows a double-row parking unit (1) with a transfer device (6) working on both sides (cf. FIGS. 14-22).
  • the Ausfahrstati ⁇ n (5) is constructed in the same way.
  • the stations (4, 5) can be used as desired for delivering or picking up vehicles, which means that the stations can always be used to their full extent as required.
  • the stations (3, 4, 5) and the transport device (2) with the transfer device (6) can be accommodated in a stationary parking garage or can also be used as Steel construction in modular construction.
  • Such parking units (1) according to FIGS. 23-26 can be extended in any way to the side or in height and also allow an increase in volume by changing from a simple to a double row arrangement according to FIG. 26.
  • the cylinder tower according to FIG. (1 , 2) and (27,28) can also be increased in height by increasing the height.
  • the parking units (1) with the various components are controlled by a central computer which manages the parking stations (3) and directs the transport device (2) with the transport boxes (7) accordingly.
  • the conveying device (8) of the parking unit (1) of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a tower-like scaffold (9) which is rotatably supported in the ground on a bearing ring (25) and is rotated by a drive (26).
  • a drive 26
  • four lifting devices or lifts (10) which are evenly distributed in a cross, are arranged, which move the two-tier transport boxes (7) up and down.
  • Each transport box (7) has its own transfer device (6) so that a total of 8 vehicles can be transferred or taken over simultaneously.
  • the system is still ready for operation even if individual components fail. It offers an optimal access speed, since the lifting and rotating movements of the transport device (2) can be superimposed over time.
  • entry and exit stations Depending on the traffic volume and the desired access time, a smaller or larger number of entry and exit stations (4,5) are arranged on the ground floor. These can be defined for entry or exit or can be addressed as desired.
  • a barrier limits the entrance and only releases the vehicle when a transport box is actually ready to be picked up.
  • the two-tier transport boxes (7) are loaded in two steps unload, with the box being lowered or raised in between.
  • the scaffold (9) rotates, the transport boxes (7) being pulled to the desired height at the same time.
  • a computer-aided and optimized administration allows all transport boxes (7) to be loaded or unloaded at the parking stations (3) in a single cycle and a complete transfer to the entry and exit stations (4, 5) in the next cycle.
  • FIGS. 23-26 differ from the one described above essentially by their linear arrangement, in which the scaffold (9) consists of one or more towers arranged next to one another, which are moved separately or with one another via trolleys (25) along the row of stations .
  • the conveyor device (8) can also consist of a scissor lifting device, which is particularly useful and economical for individual modules arranged one above the other.
  • the frame (9) consists of a central hollow center column (27) which is set in rotation by means of a hydraulic or other drive (26).
  • the lifting device here has the shape of a liner (28) to which four transport boxes (7) are attached in the form of platforms and are offset from one another by a quarter of the spiral height of a 360 segment.
  • the transport boxes (7) are connected to one another by support struts (cf. FIG. 38).
  • the center pillar (27) and the liner (28) are rectangular or square in cross section, the liner (28) via roller bearings (29) on the center pillar (27) longitudinally movably supported and rotatably guided.
  • the free ends of the transport boxes (7) have drives (39) with which they can be opened a spiral track (37) are supported. With a rotary movement of the center column (27)
  • Screw line moved up or down.
  • Storage stations (3) are along the helical line in
  • FIGS. 29-31 The parking stations (3) constructed in modular construction are shown in FIGS. 29-31. Between outer vertical supports arranged in a ring (see FIGS. 27 and 28)
  • cross struts (35) are attached.
  • inner supports arranged in an inner ring
  • the steel construction shown in modular construction of the stations (3, 4, 5) allows the parking unit (1) to be increased as desired.
  • the center column (27) is accordingly designed in several parts.
  • the upper part shown in FIG. 32 has cantilevers (38), via which hydraulic, power supply and signal lines (30) are fed in a loop to the transport boxes (7) with their transfer devices (6).
  • the power and hydraulic lines (30) are led upwards from the outside along the center column (27) and encompassed in the area of the liner (28) by the correspondingly recessed roller bearings (29).
  • the sensitive Signal lines (30) are routed through the interior of the column (27) and only passed outwards at the head via the brackets (38).
  • the lower part of the column (27) shown in FIG. 35 has a ring gear for connection to the drive
  • column lengths are provided, which can be coupled to the other column parts via a plug connection. Corresponding couplings can be provided for the lines (30).
  • Fig. 39-41 illustrate the undercarriage (39) with which the transport boxes (7) are guided on the running rail (37).
  • the carriage (39) comprises two form-fitting rollers (40) which surround the rail (37) and which are connected to a connecting rod which is C-shaped in cross-section and bent in accordance with the rail (37). (41) are stored.
  • the connecting rod (41) is in turn attached to the C-flange of a bearing rod (44) via a vertical king pin (42) clamped with a compression spring.
  • the bearing rod (44) is mounted in a longitudinally displaceable and rotatable manner in a guide sleeve (43) which is flanged to the center of the bottom (12) of the transport boxes (7).
  • the undercarriage (39) thus represents a 4-way suspension which, due to the rotation and displacement of the bearing rod (44), the spring-loaded height offset of the connecting rod (41) on the kingpin (42) and in the rotational movement around the kingpin (42) has several degrees of freedom. With this, irregularities in the screw path of the running rail (37) can be compensated for, which are caused by design tolerances, contamination, wind loads, temperature fluctuations or the like. parts list

Abstract

Procédé permettant à des véhicules de prendre et de quitter un stationnement, et parc de stockage associé, notamment parc de stationnement avec plusieurs stations de stationnement, d'arrivée et de départ (3, 4, 5), un dispositif de transport (2) et un dispositif de transfert (6). Les véhicules sont saisis par en dessous à l'arrêt et soulevés pour être transférés tour à tour entre les stations (3, 4, 5) et le dispositif de transport (2). Le dispositif de transfert (6) présente à cet effet un plancher de déplacement (13) mobile dont la surface portante (14) destinée aux véhicules se présente sous la forme d'une structure à bras multiples. Dans les stations (3, 4, 5) sont disposées à cet effet des surfaces de stockage (15) formées dans le contre-profil, qui sont égales les unes aux autres. La surface portante (14) et les surfaces de stockage (15) sont configurées et mutuellement adaptées de telle manière que la surface portante (14) est déplaçable au-dessus et au-dessous des surfaces de stockage (15), et peut être soulevée et abaissée en passant à travers ces dernières.
EP87905742A 1986-08-22 1987-08-22 Parc de stockage, notamment parc de stationnement Expired - Lifetime EP0309487B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87905742T ATE60396T1 (de) 1986-08-22 1987-08-22 Lagereinrichtung, insbesondere parkeinrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868620486A GB8620486D0 (en) 1986-08-22 1986-08-22 Car park unit
GB8620486 1986-08-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0309487A1 true EP0309487A1 (fr) 1989-04-05
EP0309487B1 EP0309487B1 (fr) 1991-01-23

Family

ID=10603121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87905742A Expired - Lifetime EP0309487B1 (fr) 1986-08-22 1987-08-22 Parc de stockage, notamment parc de stationnement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4976580A (fr)
EP (1) EP0309487B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2519281B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU619726B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB8620486D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988001331A1 (fr)

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KR100453147B1 (ko) * 2002-10-04 2004-10-15 주식회사 엠피시스템 이동식 발을 이용한 주차차량 자동 이송장치 및 방법
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RU2587671C1 (ru) * 2015-04-23 2016-06-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Смарт Сити Паркинг" Четырехсекционный автомобильный лифт для автомобильных парковок
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4976580A (en) 1990-12-11
JPH01503793A (ja) 1989-12-21
AU619726B2 (en) 1992-02-06
AU7879087A (en) 1988-03-08
WO1988001331A1 (fr) 1988-02-25
JP2519281B2 (ja) 1996-07-31
GB8620486D0 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0309487B1 (fr) 1991-01-23

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