EP0303790B1 - Fabrication d'emballage colorés pour oeufs - Google Patents

Fabrication d'emballage colorés pour oeufs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303790B1
EP0303790B1 EP88109576A EP88109576A EP0303790B1 EP 0303790 B1 EP0303790 B1 EP 0303790B1 EP 88109576 A EP88109576 A EP 88109576A EP 88109576 A EP88109576 A EP 88109576A EP 0303790 B1 EP0303790 B1 EP 0303790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dye
egg
sprayed
battery
packages
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88109576A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0303790A1 (fr
Inventor
Vagn C/O Keil & Schaafhausen Genter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brodrene Hartmann AS
Original Assignee
Brodrene Hartmann AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Brodrene Hartmann AS filed Critical Brodrene Hartmann AS
Priority to AT88109576T priority Critical patent/ATE85993T1/de
Publication of EP0303790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0303790A1/fr
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Publication of EP0303790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0303790B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/40—Printing on bodies of particular shapes, e.g. golf balls, candles, wine corks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
    • B65D85/32—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for eggs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/08—Mechanical or thermomechanical pulp
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/66—Treating discontinuous paper, e.g. sheets, blanks, rolls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00—Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901—Rigid container
    • Y10S493/912—Rigid container having internal partition
    • Y10S493/913—Egg container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
    • Y10S8/919—Paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing colored egg packages from ground wood and / or waste paper (paper pulp), a device for carrying out such a method and an egg package produced by such a method.
  • Egg packaging that is produced from ground wood and / or waste paper has a white or more or less gray base color.
  • the gray tone depends, among other things. on the proportion of waste paper used and the extent to which it was printed.
  • the waste paper can be subjected to a de-inking process with which it is largely freed from the ink.
  • DE-A-2 458 443 discloses a process for the production of colored paper or colored cardboard by using polyalkyleneimine and special reactive dyes.
  • the process comprises the process steps: producing a suspension, spreading the suspension in the form of a mat or sheet, dewatering the mat or sheet and additionally treating the raw material with a polyalkyleneimine and with a reactive dye.
  • a polyalkyleneimine and with a reactive dye For example, boxes and other packs can be made from the paper treated with polyalkyleneimine or cardboard treated with polyalkyleneimine, whereupon they can be colored and / or labeled using the reactive dyes using methods such as spraying or printing.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a method of the type mentioned at the outset which can be carried out more economically and variably and leads to an improved process product.
  • the egg packaging receives its final external color only after the pouring phase by subsequently spraying on a color only on the outside of the packaging base body and that the water content of the color immediately after spraying on through rapid heat, for example infrared radiation and / or hot air is evaporated.
  • the base body of the egg packaging that arises in the pouring phase is preferably white or gray or uniform for all types of egg packaging and is uniformly single-color regardless of the final external color.
  • the dye comes into its own with the desired brilliance. You can get by with smaller amounts of paint because not all of the paper pulp has to be colored.
  • the hue of the sprayed packaging can be measured immediately and effectively controlled, since the dye content in the paint is 5-10%, instead of only about 0.003% in the paper pulp in the conventional method.
  • the packaging is a box consisting of a lower part and a lid, and the box is in the closed state, i.e. when the two packaging halves are opened, the egg packaging will appear overall in the desired color.
  • the eggs contained in the egg packaging do not come into contact with the dye, so that such impairments need not be taken into account when choosing the dye.
  • Penetration of the water into the packaging material is largely avoided by the fact that the water content of the paint is evaporated immediately after being sprayed on by rapid heating, for example infrared radiation and / or hot air. By means of this measure, the aforementioned high production output can be achieved with relatively simple means.
  • a color containing an organic pigment dye or disperse dye is preferably used.
  • the pigment particles of the pigment dye are preferably surface-treated with a humectant. This results in better wetting with the binders of the paints, which means that the pigment particles are not torn away from the dried paint.
  • the paint preferably contains a water-soluble polymer as a binder.
  • the paint contains a wax, preferably a micronized polyethylene wax.
  • a wax preferably a micronized polyethylene wax.
  • the pigment particle size of the pigment is between about 0.15 and 0.30 x 10 ⁇ 6 m.
  • the pigment particle size is thus considerably below that of conventional spray paints, which are of the order of about 20-30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m. This special measure results in considerably improved coverage and better atomization of the spray paint, which is particularly advantageous for the high production output of several hundred packages per minute.
  • the egg packaging can be printed with the desired content and origin information.
  • a device designed according to the invention for carrying out such a method has a de-nesting device for the successive delivery of egg packs not yet having their final color from a stack and the placement thereof on a conveyor in a position facing away from the conveyor in predetermined mutual distance, a spray battery above a first treatment section of the conveyor for spraying the paint onto the egg packaging moving under the spray battery and with a dry battery above a further treatment section of the conveyor in the conveying direction behind the spray battery for rapid drying of the sprayed-on paint by the action of heat eg infrared radiation and / or hot air.
  • the paint itself can be sprayed on even at elevated temperature, for example by means of preheated nozzles, which is useful because of the wax content contained in the paint and promotes the rate of evaporation of the water after spraying.
  • the egg packs are preferably conveyed from the de-nesting device to the first treatment section of the conveying device at a greater distance from one another and at a greater speed than under the spray battery and the dry battery. This takes into account the larger distance required for de-netting.
  • the lower conveying speed and the shorter distance in the spray and dry battery have the advantage of the longer dwell time in the spray and dry booth, so there are more spray and more drying times available, and there is less color loss between the individual packages.
  • this can advantageously be achieved according to the invention in that the egg packagings are transferred on their conveying path upstream of the spray battery from a faster-running conveyor belt to a slower-running conveyor belt, which conveys the egg packagings under the spray battery and the dry cell.
  • the egg packs can be transferred to a third conveyor belt, which runs preferably faster than the conveyor belt under the spray battery and the dry battery and to which a printing machine is assigned is. Because then the egg packagings are again at a greater distance from each other because of the pressure cylinders.
  • the invention further relates to an egg packaging which has been produced by the aforementioned method.
  • Such egg packaging consists of a base body made of ground wood and / or waste paper (paper pulp), which carries a spray paint layer on its surface, the spray paint layer being located only on the outside of the package body.
  • the spray paint layer also preferably contains an organic pigment dye or disperse dye.
  • the spray paint layer contains a water-soluble polymer as a binder.
  • the spray paint layer contains a wax, preferably a micronized polyethylene wax.
  • the pigment particle size of the spray paint layer is preferably between about 0.15 and 0.30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m.
  • a printing ink layer is advantageously arranged on the spray paint layer.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a possible device for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an example of an egg packaging in the form of a box.
  • a de-nesting device 1 does not yet have its final outer color, for example gray or white egg packaging (base body) consisting of a lower part receiving the eggs and a lid hinged to them, opened at a predetermined distance from one another on a conveyor 2 with the packaging outer side facing upwards .
  • the distance is relatively large, as is necessary for the removal of the eggs from the egg packaging 6 and by the proportion high speed of a first conveyor belt 5 of the conveyor 2 is determined below the denesting device 1.
  • a second conveyor belt 10 of the conveyor device is connected to the first conveyor belt 5.
  • a spray battery 3 for spraying spray paint onto the outside of the packaging of the egg package 6 unfolded according to FIG. 2 to form a spray paint layer 7.
  • a dry battery 4 is arranged above a second treatment section 10b of the conveyor belt 10 has a number of infrared radiators and / or hot air blowers in order to evaporate the water portion of the paint layer 7 sprayed onto the egg package 6 as quickly as possible.
  • the conveyor belt 10 runs slower than the conveyor belt 5. As a result, the distance between the egg packagings is reduced during the transfer from the first conveyor belt 5 to the second conveyor belt 10.
  • the egg packagings 6 are thus moved at a smaller distance from one another and more slowly under that of the spray battery 3 and the dry battery 4 to have a sufficient spraying and drying time. Because the egg packs 6 lie closer together on the conveyor belt 10, less paint is lost between the egg packs 6 when the egg packs 6 are sprayed. The sprayed and dried egg packages 6 are then transferred from the conveyor belt 10 to a third conveyor belt 11 of the conveyor device 2, which runs under a printing machine 8; in this the egg packaging 6 is provided on the outside with the required indications of origin and content.
  • the egg packs 6 are pulled apart again during the transfer from the conveyor belt 10 to the conveyor belt 11 so that they are at a distance from one another which is required for the printing cylinders of the printing machine 8. Then the egg packaging 6 with the desired color Stocks can be supplied or prepared for shipping. If egg packaging 6 with a different color is desired, the nozzles of the spray battery 3 only need to be supplied with the other color, so that a quick changeover takes place.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Packaging Frangible Articles (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'emballages à oeufs, colorés, en pâte mécanique et/ou en vieux papiers (pâte vieux papiers), caractérisé par le fait que l'emballage à oeufs ne reçoit sa couleur extérieure définitive qu'après l'opération de moulage, par pulvérisation d'une couleur sur la face extérieure de l'emballage seulement et que la fraction d'eau de la couleur est évaporée immédiatement après pulvérisation par action rapide de la chaleur, par exemple par rayonnement infrarouge et/ou par air chaud.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une couleur contenant un pigment organique.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une couleur contenant un colorant dispersé.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait que les particules du pigment sont traitées en surface au moyen d'un agent de mouillage.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que la couleur contient comme liant, un polymère soluble dans l'eau.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la couleur contient une cire, de préférence une cire de polyéthylène réduite en particules micrométriques.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la dimension des particules du pigment est comprise entre 0,15 et 0,30 x 10⁻⁶m.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les emballages à oeufs reçoivent une impression immédiatement après la pulvérisation et le séchage de la couleur.
  9. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, comportant un dispositif de prélèvement (1) pour distribuer successivement, à partir d'une pile (9), des emballages à oeufs (6) qui ne présentent pas encore leur couleur définitive et déposer ceux-ci à distance les uns des autres sur un dispositif de transport (2), dans une position telle que leur face extérieure soit éloignée du dispositif de transport, un poste de pulvérisation (3) situé au-dessus d'un premier tronçon de traitement (10a) du dispositif de transport (2) et destiné à la pulvérisation de la couleur sur les emballages à oeufs qui se déplacent sous le dispositif de pulvérisation (3) ainsi qu'un poste de séchage (4) situé au-dessus d'une autre partie de traitement (10b) du dispositif de transport (2), en aval du poste de pulvérisation (3) dans la direction de transport, et destiné au séchage rapide de la couleur pulvérisée par action de chaleur, par exemple de rayonnement infrarouge et/ou d'air chaud.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que, du dispositif de prélèvement (1) jusqu'à la première partie de traitement (10a) du dispositif de transport (2), les emballages à oeufs (6) sont transportés avec une distance entre eux plus importante et une vitesse plus élevée que sous le poste de pulvérisation (3) et le poste de séchage (4).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les emballages à oeufs (6), sur leur trajet en amont du poste de pulvérisation (3), sont transférés d'une bande transporteuse (5) à avance rapide vers une bande transporteuse (10) à avance plus lente qui transporte les emballages à oeufs (6) sous le poste de pulvérisation (3) et le poste de séchage (4).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que les emballages à oeufs (6), après séchage de la couleur, sont transférés sur une troisième bande transporteuse (11) qui, de préférence est plus rapide que la bande transporteuse (10) sous le poste de pulvérisation (3) et le poste de séchage (4) et est associée à une machine à imprimer (8).
  13. Emballage à oeufs fabriqué conformément à un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est formé d'un éléments de base (6) en pâte mécanique et/ou en vieux papiers (pâte vieux papiers) qui comporte sur sa surface une couche colorée (7) pulvérisée et que la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée est uniquement sur la face extérieure de l'élément de base (6).
  14. Emballage à oeufs selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée contient un pigment organique.
  15. Emballage à oeufs selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé par le fait que la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée contient un colorant dispersé.
  16. Emballage à oeufs selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée contient comme liant un polymère hydrosoluble.
  17. Emballage à oeufs selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée contient une cire, de préférence une cire de polyéthylène réduit en particules micrométriques.
  18. Emballage à oeufs selon l'une des revendications 13 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que la dimension de particule de la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée est comprise entre 0,15 et 0,30 x 10⁻⁶m environ.
  19. Emballage à oeufs selon l'une des revendications 13 à 18, caractérisé par le fait qu'une couche colorée imprimée est appliquée par endroits sur la couche colorée (7) pulvérisée.
EP88109576A 1987-06-19 1988-06-15 Fabrication d'emballage colorés pour oeufs Expired - Lifetime EP0303790B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88109576T ATE85993T1 (de) 1987-06-19 1988-06-15 Herstellung von farbigen eierverpackungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3720265 1987-06-19
DE19873720265 DE3720265A1 (de) 1987-06-19 1987-06-19 Verfahren zur herstellung von farbigen eierverpackungen, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung eines solchen verfahrens sowie nach einem solchen verfahren hergestellte eierverpackungen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0303790A1 EP0303790A1 (fr) 1989-02-22
EP0303790B1 true EP0303790B1 (fr) 1993-02-24

Family

ID=6329890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109576A Expired - Lifetime EP0303790B1 (fr) 1987-06-19 1988-06-15 Fabrication d'emballage colorés pour oeufs

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4938412A (fr)
EP (1) EP0303790B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02500606A (fr)
AT (1) ATE85993T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU615204B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1289399C (fr)
DE (1) DE3720265A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2040291T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI88187C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ225060A (fr)
PT (1) PT87768B (fr)
WO (1) WO1988010337A1 (fr)

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GB9200683D0 (en) * 1992-01-14 1992-03-11 Univ Manchester Improvements relating to materials
US6245388B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-06-12 The Chinet Company Technology Wave coating of articles
WO2002072944A2 (fr) * 2000-10-25 2002-09-19 Keyes Fibre Corporation Bac a fruits pigmente avec du noir de carbone
DE10146251A1 (de) * 2001-09-20 2003-04-17 Gruenenthal Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines pharmazeutischen Films
WO2004106633A1 (fr) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-09 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B.V. Procede de preparation d’un materiau d’emballage en pate moulee
CN102575394B (zh) 2009-06-09 2014-09-17 博凯技术公司 染色纤维素碎片、染色非织造材料和它们的生产方法
DE202014001720U1 (de) 2014-02-27 2015-03-02 Gerhard Brugger Spender
CN109972459A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-05 金箭印刷事业有限公司 纸塑制品的制造方法
CN109845993B (zh) * 2019-03-21 2022-03-25 江苏理工学院 皮蛋包蜡机

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE85993T1 (de) 1993-03-15
PT87768A (pt) 1989-05-31
PT87768B (pt) 1993-09-30
JPH02500606A (ja) 1990-03-01
DE3720265C2 (fr) 1989-09-14
FI890743A (fi) 1989-02-16
AU615204B2 (en) 1991-09-26
ES2040291T3 (es) 1993-10-16
FI890743A0 (fi) 1989-02-16
DE3720265A1 (de) 1988-12-29
NZ225060A (en) 1991-08-27
WO1988010337A1 (fr) 1988-12-29
CA1289399C (fr) 1991-09-24
EP0303790A1 (fr) 1989-02-22
AU1963988A (en) 1989-01-19
US4938412A (en) 1990-07-03
FI88187B (fi) 1992-12-31
FI88187C (fi) 1993-04-13

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