EP0168453A1 - Procede d'extraction des oxydes d'azote et des oxydes de soufre, ainsi que, le cas echeant, d'autres elements nocifs des gaz de fumees provenant d'installations de combustion - Google Patents

Procede d'extraction des oxydes d'azote et des oxydes de soufre, ainsi que, le cas echeant, d'autres elements nocifs des gaz de fumees provenant d'installations de combustion

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Publication number
EP0168453A1
EP0168453A1 EP85900664A EP85900664A EP0168453A1 EP 0168453 A1 EP0168453 A1 EP 0168453A1 EP 85900664 A EP85900664 A EP 85900664A EP 85900664 A EP85900664 A EP 85900664A EP 0168453 A1 EP0168453 A1 EP 0168453A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
washing
pollutants
possibly
iron
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85900664A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich IGELBÜSCHER
Heinrich Gresch
Heribert Dewert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Holter Heinz Dipl-Ing
Original Assignee
Holter Heinz Dipl-Ing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3402383A external-priority patent/DE3402383C2/de
Priority claimed from DE3409526A external-priority patent/DE3409526C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19843414471 external-priority patent/DE3414471A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843415150 external-priority patent/DE3415150A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843419611 external-priority patent/DE3419611A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843422780 external-priority patent/DE3422780A1/de
Priority claimed from DE3427550A external-priority patent/DE3427550C2/de
Priority claimed from DE3428108A external-priority patent/DE3428108C1/de
Priority claimed from DE3429663A external-priority patent/DE3429663C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19843430017 external-priority patent/DE3430017A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843440782 external-priority patent/DE3440782A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843441340 external-priority patent/DE3441340A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843441339 external-priority patent/DE3441339A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843445203 external-priority patent/DE3445203A1/de
Priority claimed from DE3447425A external-priority patent/DE3447425C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19843447494 external-priority patent/DE3447494A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19843447519 external-priority patent/DE3447519A1/de
Application filed by Holter Heinz Dipl-Ing filed Critical Holter Heinz Dipl-Ing
Publication of EP0168453A1 publication Critical patent/EP0168453A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the separation of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides and possibly other pollutants from the flue gases of combustion plants, preferably from power boilers fed with fossil fuels, the nitrogen oxides being reduced to elemental nitrogen and the sulfur oxides and possibly other pollutants by means of a washing process be eliminated.
  • nitrogen oxides are generated by the thermal reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and atmospheric oxygen (thermal NO x ), by the reaction of nitrogen a the fuel with atmospheric oxygen (fuel - NO x ) and the reaction of nitrogenous compounds (radicals) with the combustion air (prompt NO x ).
  • the nitrogen oxide content varies depending on the fuel used and the combustion conditions. After being released into the atmosphere, the nitrogen oxides are subject to further chemical, in particular photochemical conversions, which can eventually lead to organic peroxide compounds with hydrocarbons, which in turn are held responsible for plant damage that can be largely determined.
  • the nitrogen oxides and their secondary products formed in the atmosphere are regarded as the main cause of air pollution and the resulting damage.
  • catalytic processes are known in which NO and NO 2 are reduced to elemental nitrogen by reducing agents.
  • ammonia is mainly used as a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides and on different catalysts such as transition metal oxides, zeolites, activated carbon or Activated coke converted to elemental nitrogen and water.
  • the removal of sulfur oxides from the flue gases is often carried out by contact with washing solutions which contain calcium ions and which separate sulfur oxides oxidized to sulfalt as gypsum.
  • the object of the invention is to further improve the method of the type mentioned at the outset with regard to the fact that it is carried out as well as the achievable results.
  • this is achieved in that the washing liquid of a desulfurization plant ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) C 10 H 16 O 8 N 2 and a mono- and / or polybasic carboxylic acid, preferably formic acid, together with limestone, white fine lime or their derivatives is added.
  • EDTA ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid
  • the advantages are that the NO x separation can be carried out in a controllable acidic washing solution (pH 2.5-4.5), since a) the complex-bound iron-II is difficult to oxidize in this acidic medium and b) the NO - Binding is maintained without significant hindrance to iron oxidation.
  • Another advantage is that the full amount of SO 2 in the flue gas, since the amount of lime is only added to the desulfurization plant, for which NO reduction is available and the binding value of the EDTA cannot be used for calcium ions and is only available for the iron (II) ion.
  • the wash cycle can be controlled via the pH adjustment and wash water evaporation so that a max. EDTA can be achieved and can be recovered as a precipitate by lowering the pH in the wash solution to pH 2 of the EDTA.
  • the potassium salt of N- (2-caboxy-ethyl) -1-amino-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid and the potassium salt of N, N-bis (caboxymethylene) -1-amino-ethane instead of EDTA -1,1-diphosphonic acid can preferably be used, since the phosphonic acid found can bind significantly more iron-II complex than EDTA.
  • This washing can take place in a prewash together with the hydrogen halides before the SO 2 wash, at a pH value the wash solution from pH 2.5 - 4.5 or after the hydrogen halide prewash, but before the SO 2 wash as a separate wash at a pH value of the wash solution from pH 2.5 - 4.5.
  • the simultaneous NO x wash can be considerably increased and forced if the polycarboxylic acid (including EDTA) or phosphonic acid used is complexed with the iron (II) sulfate beforehand, ie before being added to the wash water circuit.
  • this takes place depending on the pH of the polycarbonate solution, preferably using sulfuric acid or other mineral acids at pH values above pH 5 and by means of alkalis or alkaline earths at pH values less than pH 5.
  • the pH in the wash water solution can then be changed as desired without affecting the stability of the iron (II) complex.
  • the complexation of the iron (II) complex of phosphonic acid takes place according to the invention by adding alkali or alkaline earths to a pH of 8-10 Iron complex stable against any pH change.
  • the polycarboxylic acid solutions or phosphonic acid solutions prepared in this way can be added to the wash water with the desired pH value of the wash water.
  • the ratio of SO 2 to NO x is not designed so that there is a good reaction in the direction of NO x separation.
  • alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bisulphite for example calcium or sodium bisulphite
  • a first washing stage preferably using a weakly acidic short-term washing process it etc., this being educated
  • Bisulfite is added to the NO x wash alone or to the simultaneous washing stage, which simultaneously washes SO 2 and NO x , with polycarboxylic acid (including EDTA) and / or phosphonic acid being added to this washing stage.
  • solid sulfite salts or waste sulfite liquors are used simultaneously SO 2 - and NO x or single NO x washing as external supplies application.
  • the above-mentioned components of the second washing stage are optionally used, or the second washing stage is used as a pure SO 2 washing stage, the bisulfite from the first washing stage being fed to the third washing stage after the SO 2 washing and polycarboxylic acid and / or phosphonic acid in the third washing stage (Including EDTA) NO x wash is used.
  • the invention proposes to operate a two-stage washing process as follows:
  • SO 2 is preferred with polycarboxylic acid and Lime additive washed, e.g. lime in the form of limestone or fine white lime or dolomite.
  • the exhaust gas which is greatly reduced by SO 2
  • an alkali metal hydroxide solution preferably sodium hydroxide solution
  • this alkali metal hydroxide solution or sodium hydroxide solution being mixed with polycarboxylic acid (including EDTA).
  • the NO is converted to nitrogen, that is to say elementally with the clean gas, and the remainder SO 2 , and in order to simultaneously obtain the iron as divalent iron in the complex, since there are too few SO 2 molecules a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid, is also added.
  • a partial amount of the washing solution of the second washing circuit is transferred to the first washing circuit in order to convert the alkali sulfates or sulfites into gigs here.
  • the first Washing stage has the task of SO 2 separation and does not include the main feature of simultaneous No x separation, and that in the second washing step the main feature is NO x removal, in which SO 2 is inevitably washed out to a certain extent, whereby Both washing stages work with separate washing liquid circuits and the first washing liquid circuit is operated with carboxylic acid without polycarboxylic acid (EDTA) and in the second washing stage polycarboxylic acid (EDTA) or diphosphonic acids containing divalent iron complex are added, with the simultaneous addition of oxygen-binding substances such as salts the sulfurous acid and / or reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid.
  • EDTA carboxylic acid without polycarboxylic acid
  • EDTA polycarboxylic acid
  • EDTA polycarboxylic acid
  • diphosphonic acids containing divalent iron complex are added, with the simultaneous addition of oxygen-binding substances such as salts the sulfurous acid and / or reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid.
  • the washing liquid circuit of the second washing stage has a washing liquid circulation tank and a settling tank, an amount of washing liquid enriched with polycarboxylic acids (EDTA) and iron (II) salts or diphosphonic acids and reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid, being added to the washing liquid circulation tank and a portion of the washing liquid circulation tank being fed to the settling tank.
  • additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide is added and the CaSO 3 thus precipitated or CaSO 4 is transported to a dewatering station and from here the filtrate is fed to the washing liquid circulation container and the solid in the washing liquid container to the first washing stage.
  • the temperature for washing stage 2 is preferably 50 ° C.
  • the used solution can be activated and stabilized by adding alkali sulfite and / or another reducing agent, preferably ascorbic acid.
  • Sodium dithionite is also added to the reducing agent for stabilization and reactivation.
  • NTA lotrieslacetic acid
  • the best known product is end product CaSO 4 .
  • the difficulty in separating SO 2 and NO x in one stage is due to the fact that CaSO 4 has to be produced due to the SO 2 washing and the necessary oxidation, but on the other hand a reducing property would have to be present in the same washing device in order to achieve this Reduce iron chelates via the deposited NO and maintain the iron II.
  • a liquid which is used for washing with additives such as limestone or hydrated lime and EDTA or NTA and / or polycarboxylic acids and CaSO 4 or CaSO 3 , as a partial amount via a solid-liquid separation stage with release of the inactive liquid in a reaction container in which reducing additives and / or metallic iron such as iron powder, iron filings and other forms of formation of metallic iron are added, the reducing additives being added in the acid phase, preferably pH value less than 6, is activated by means of a pump and the washing water supply is returned via an inlet level and / or is made available again for the washing process directly via pairs of nozzles.
  • additives such as limestone or hydrated lime and EDTA or NTA and / or polycarboxylic acids and CaSO 4 or CaSO 3
  • Sodium bisulfite, ascorbic acid, sodium dithionite and metallic iron and similar reducing agents are preferably used as reducing agents.
  • a portion of the filtrate water is transferred to the boiler's firing chamber for environmentally friendly destruction before it is activated.
  • a portion of the water in the filtrate water is used as a fuel for coal Sprayed into the boiler.
  • the washing liquid in the first washing stage the washing liquid is circulated with a pH value between pH 3 and pH 4 via an iron reactor and in the subsequent one , second scrubber part, the circulating liquid has a pH greater than pH 5 and sodium dithionite is added as an inoculant to the washing circuit of the washing stage in order to obtain the iron (II) chelate via the redox potential formed in both washing stages.
  • Pyrosulfite or sodium dithionite, ascorbic acid i.e. can be produced chemically by reducing agents.
  • the single-stage scrubber regardless of whether it is designed as a countercurrent or cocurrent scrubber, acidically divide the zone that is contacted first with the SO 2 so that the molar ratio of SO 2 to No in the NO x - Driving as high as possible in favor of the SO 2 .
  • the washing water is expediently added to a higher pH, for example greater than pH 5, in order to wash out the SO 2 and traces of NO x to the prescribed value.
  • a method is proposed with which SO 2 and NO x can be washed simultaneously in one washing stage in such a way that the SO 2 is converted to CaSO 4 and the NO x is reduced to N 2 and the released oxygen accumulates SO 2 accumulates.
  • this is achieved in that the flue gas is fed to a single-stage countercurrent washer and in one or more nozzle levels the flue gas is first pressed against a washing liquid with a positive redox potential, this washing water being mixed with additives such as limestone or hydrated lime and preferably for better solubility Carboxylic acid, with which additive is added to the washing liquid and the last nozzle level consists of one and / or several nozzles or nozzle levels, and behind the first nozzle level arrangement in the last nozzle level a washing liquid with negative redox potential is dispensed, which is obtained by adding dithionite and / or other reducing agents or. via a reduction vessel, which is filled with iron plates, for example.
  • additives such as limestone or hydrated lime and preferably for better solubility Carboxylic acid
  • dithionite can additionally be added as a reducing agent by electrochemical reduction (electrolysis), so that SO 2 and NO x are simultaneously deposited and oxidized in the laundry sump via the oxidation device and nitrogen N 2 is transferred to the chimney and / or cooling tower via the droplet separator arrangement according to the invention and calcium sulfate dihydrate is deposited.
  • reducing wet processes for the separation of NO require the use of reducing chemicals, e.g. metallic iron, hydrogen sulfite or sodium dithionite. These chemicals introduce fiber into the laundry cycle, which has to be removed again. Chloride from the fuels is introduced through the flue gas, which must also be removed.
  • reducing chemicals e.g. metallic iron, hydrogen sulfite or sodium dithionite.
  • EDTA ethylenediamininotetraacetate
  • NTA nitrilotriacetate
  • a wastewater treatment facility must be used to treat the wastewater to the limits prescribed by the authorities.
  • catalytic nitrogen oxy reduction with hydrocarbons or ammonia
  • valuable feedstocks such as catalysts and hydrocarbons or ammonia are required.
  • the catalysts only work effectively in a narrow temperature range of approx. 320 to 380 ° C. They are subject to wear from dust. They can be poisoned by metals like lead. In catalysts behind power plant furnaces, sticky caking can arise from SO 2 , H 2 O and NH 3 and fly ash, which mainly consist of NH 4 H S O 4 . This caking can stick internals in the flue gas flow, such as air preheaters, catalysts and electrostatic precipitators, and lead to malfunctions.
  • the catalytic converters are additional systems with not a small pressure drop, the installation of which, particularly when retrofitting existing power plants, leads to major technical, spatial and economic disadvantages. Eliminating spent transition metal catalysts and fly ash containing ammonium salts will pose further difficulties.
  • ammonia gets into the washing solution of flue gas desulphurization plants with gypsum as the end product, cleaning the gypsum and waste water from ammonium may be necessary Make connections because ammonium ions have a toxic effect on fish, for example, and ammonia can escape from gypsum products and can be perceived as a nuisance. Last but not least, ammonia is a dangerous substance that can only be transported, loaded and stored with great effort in terms of safety precautions.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to electrochemically reduce nitrogen monoxide, which makes up the majority of the nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, by means of a potentiostatic process. This reduction takes place in the aqueous phase, the solubility of the nitrogen monoxide being decisively improved in a known manner by complexing, for example with divalent iron.
  • the washing cycle required for exhaust gas treatment is kept low and not provided with ballast ions, such as sodium or sulfur compounds, which would have to be removed from the cycle and through then a necessary wastewater treatment or off Divorce as plaster can cause additional costs.
  • the invention follows the guiding principle of using existing or planned flue gas treatment devices for reducing sulfur oxides in the purification of the exhaust gases from combustion plants from nitrogen monoxide, so that no further apparatuses which cause additional pressure loss on the exhaust side are required. Furthermore, the washing cycle should be closed as far as possible, in any case no further fiber should be added as a chemical reducing agent, which in turn would pose further problems as a result. In addition to nitrogen monoxide, other flue gas constituents such as chlorides and soluble transition elements are to be reduced.
  • the redox potential required for the reduction from nitrogen monoxide to elemental nitrogen with a potentiometric device At the cathode made of carbon, for example, the two electrons required to reduce NO are made available. Hydrogen sulfite formed from the SO 2 of the exhaust gases can serve as a reducing substance, which becomes dithionite, which transfers electrons to NO complexly bound to, for example, divalent iron and is itself oxidized to sulfate and finally removed as gypsum.
  • the chloride from the flue gas is oxidized to elemental chlorine in the solution, which is thus removed from the washing cycle and e.g. can be left to the chemical industry for use.
  • Dissolved transition metal ions contained in the washing solution are reduced at the cathode and can thus also be removed from the washing solution. If necessary, the deposited metals can be processed.
  • the setting of the redox potential can be in the sump of the washer or advantageously in a special flow vessel from which the reducing, regenerated washing solution is fed to the usual spray nozzles.
  • the technical and technical-economic effects of the solution according to the invention lie in the extensive avoidance of additional apparatus, the non-use of dangerous or expensive feedstocks such as hydrocarbons, ammonia and catalysts, the avoidance of a further pressure loss on the exhaust gas side and the short-term retrofitting and commissioning at power plants.
  • the additives required by the electrochemical reduction are based on iron salts and complexing agents such as EDTA, NTA and / or formic acid, a potentiostatic circuit with cathode and anode cells separated by membranes, a collecting device for elemental chlorine and possibly a processing device for cathodically deposited metals.
  • the catalytic reduction processes that are mainly discussed today lead to high ones Investment costs, malfunctions due to sticky caking, restrictions on the exhaust gas temperature and high operating costs due to additional pressure loss, catalyst wear and reducing agent consumption.
  • the raw gas can first be fed to a direct current scrubbing stage, the scrubbing liquid from the course of the first scrubbing stage being adjusted via an iron reactor with a minus redox potential and first being contacted with the raw gas.
  • the second wash nozzle level is fed with a pump with a redox potential that is weaker than the top nozzle level.
  • the counterflow washer which is operated more alkaline, runs with the pump in its own circuit with the addition of sodium dithionite and other reducing agents from a container.
  • the simultaneous SO 2 and NO x separator process is improved by further process steps in that the DC scrubber, into which the raw gas is first introduced, is washed with a washing liquid in the first nozzle level is operated, which is first contacted to the gas stream via an iron reactor charged with negative redox potential, and then in the downstream nozzle levels the bound NO - NO 2 is split off from the area of the nozzles to form elemental nitrogen.
  • a washing liquid is supplied to the iron reactor, which is set to a negative redox potential by reducing agents from the container.
  • the nozzle level which is used last in the washing process, is acted upon by a washing liquid which has a negative redox potential, which is preferably controlled by reducing agents from the container and / or from the electrolysis station.
  • the nozzle levels in the counterflow washer and the nozzles in the cocurrent washer have a smaller minus redox potential than the upper nozzle levels in the countercurrent washer and in the cocurrent washer.
  • the redox potential is set via the iron reactor and optional use of reducing agents such as sodium dithionite and / or electrolysis.
  • this process is controlled such that if the SO 2 content is not high enough in relation to the NO x content, pyrosulfite for the difference between SO 2 and NO x is metered into the washing process with simultaneous addition of limestone and / or hydrated lime and addition of NTA or EDTA, and to control the redox potential, an iron reactor is switched on in the washing liquid circuit, with an acid, preferably formic acid, being added to stabilize the redox potential while improving the solubility of limestone and / or hydrated lime and simultaneously stabilizing the iron chelate, and for faster control of the redox potential in the amount of liquid, a corresponding amount of liquid is passed through electrolysis.
  • an acid preferably formic acid
  • FIG. 1 shows the deposition process of a first embodiment in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the process sequence according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows the deposition process of a second embodiment in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 4 shows the deposition process of a third embodiment in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 5 shows the deposition process in a schematic representation a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of the deposition process of a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the deposition process of a sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of the deposition process of a seventh embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the deposition process of an eighth embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of the deposition process of a ninth embodiment
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 shows a schematic representation of a modification of the method according to FIGS. 10 and
  • Figure 12 is a schematic representation of the deposition process of a tenth embodiment.
  • 1 denotes the raw gas inlet, 2 the NO x -HCl wash, 3 the wash water reservoir with the additives EDTA or phosphonic acid, 4 the wash water cycle NO x or NO x + HCl wash, 5 the SO 2 -Laundry.
  • 1 denotes the raw gas inlet, 2 the HCl wash, 3 the wash water reservoir, 4 the wash water circuit for prewashing, for example HCl wash, 5 the NO x wash, 6 the wash water reservoir with the EDTA additives and / or phosphonic acid, with 7 the wash water circuit, with 8 the SO 2 wash.
  • the phosphonic acid can also be used without prewashing in a flue gas desulfurization, in particular when a coal with a low chloride content is to be burned.
  • 11 denotes the raw gas
  • 12 denotes the so-called sulfite scrubber, which is preferably run slightly acidic and produces with a relatively short scrubbing section (Ca (HSO 3 ) 2 ).
  • the bisulfite formed is used in a subsequent washing stage for preferably simultaneous washing of SO 2 or NO x or only for washing out NO x ; with 14 the NO x scrubber, with 15 the sulfite basin, which is connected downstream of the sulfite separator 12 and transfers the sulfite formed to the NO x wash water reservoir 16, from where it is fed to the NO x scrubber 14 by means of pumps, to be used afterwards - oxidized to CaSO 4 -; the SO 2 scrubber sump 13.
  • the bisulfite formed from the washing stage 12 can also be used for simultaneous SO 2 and NO x washing in the scrubber 13 and additionally in the scrubber 14. Nevertheless, the inventive idea of self-bisulfite production for the scrubbing of NO x is retained, and the further inventive idea of NO x leaching by means of polycarboxylic acids with the use of bisulfite by in-house production or external purchases is also retained.
  • the washing stage 1 is designated with 21, the washing stage 2 with 22, with 23 the washing liquid circulation container, with 24 the so-called gypsum station for dewatering the discharged SaSO 4 .2H 2 O; with 25 of the washing liquid circulation container for washing stage 2, the washing liquid being prepared with limestone or hydrated lime or sodium hydroxide solution + iron (II) salt + Polycarboxylic acid (EDTA) or diphosphonic acid and reducing agents such as ascorbic acid; the gravity separator for precipitating CaSO 3 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 H 2 O and CaSO 4 ⁇ 2 H 2 O, the CaSO 3 / CaSO 4 dewatering station, the filtrate being transferred to the container 25 and the solids content 8 in the washing liquid circulation container 23, and by this is where the not yet oxidized CaSO 3 becomes.
  • EDTA Polycarboxylic acid
  • the exhaust gas reduced by SO 2 or less is used according to the invention at 30 using a wash water solution, the sodium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide or limestone or magnesium hydroxide or dolomite as well as polycarboxylic acid (EDTA), diphosphonic acids + iron (II) salt and reducing agents such as salts of sulfurous acid or ascorbic acid are added NO x largely exempted.
  • a wash water solution the sodium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide or limestone or magnesium hydroxide or dolomite
  • EDTA polycarboxylic acid
  • diphosphonic acids + iron (II) salt diphosphonic acids + iron (II) salt
  • reducing agents such as salts of sulfurous acid or ascorbic acid
  • Portions from the container 25 are fed to the container 26, and here at 31 with additional addition of hydrated lime or calcium oxide (CaO) calcium sulfite (CaSO 3 ) or calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) is precipitated and thickened.
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • CaSO 3 calcium sulfite
  • CaSO 4 calcium sulfate
  • the concentrated solids are washed from the container 26 via centrifuges or drum vacuum filters and dewatered to a few percent water.
  • the filtrate is fed to the container 25 and the solid from 28 to the container 23 and actively participates in the SO 2 washing of washing stage 1 and is in the laundry sump of the laundry schers 21 oxidized and discharged via the gypsum drainage 24 to usable gypsum.
  • the EDTA of the simultaneous SO 2 and NO x washing stage 2 is not passed to washing stage 1, where SO 2 is washed and converted into gypsum at the same time, since here the EDTA a) with the amount of residual gypsum and with the amount of water to be dispensed b ) from washing stage 1 to prevent the CaCl 2 concentration.
  • Wash water are discharged from the wash water circuit of wash stage 1 in order to obtain a calcium chloride enrichment which is not too high in wash stage 1.
  • No water is preferably released from the second washing stage.
  • the solid is washed and with a residual moisture of e.g. less than 10% from the gypsum dewatering station 27 introduced into the washing circuit 23.
  • the container 25 contains polycarboxylic acids according to the invention (EDTA) or diphosphonic acids, which contain divalent iron, complex-bound, and the NO x scrubbing is carried out at a temperature, preferably less than 50 ° C., and a pH of preferably 3.5 to 10.5.
  • EDTA polycarboxylic acids according to the invention
  • diphosphonic acids which contain divalent iron, complex-bound, and the NO x scrubbing is carried out at a temperature, preferably less than 50 ° C., and a pH of preferably 3.5 to 10.5.
  • oxygen-binding substances such as salts of the sulfurous acid or reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, are additionally added to the scrubbing solution.
  • the raw gas containing SO 2 and NO x is designated with 41, with 42 the scrubber device, with 43 the wash water sump, with 44 the circulation pump to the nozzle levels 45, and with 46 the outlet from the circulation water tank 43
  • Drainage station 47 A portion of the water is transferred from the drainage station 47 to the regeneration tank 48.
  • the reducing agents 49 for activating the washing liquid are added in this.
  • the pump 50 supplies the activated washing liquid to the washing liquid container 53 via an inlet 51; at 52 a pump, at 53 the hot gas area.
  • the washing liquid after contact with SO 2 and NO x via the outlet of the washing liquid container 43 of a solid liquid Separation stage 47, which supplies the separated liquid washing liquid, which is inactive, to the activator container 48, in which, by adding reducing agents at 49, preferably ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite or similar reducing agents by means of a pump 50, then activates the washing liquid container 43 or 51 again is transferred, and / or at 45 can also be sprayed directly into a nozzle level again, and a part of the filtrate water, which is led from 47 to 48, is transferred via a pump 52 into the hot gas area 53 of the boiler system for thermal destruction is hrt or the starting material is sprayed coal.
  • reducing agents at 49 preferably ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite or similar reducing agents
  • the raw gas containing SO 2 and NO x is designated by 61, with 62 the washer device, with 63 the wash water sump, with 64 the circulation pump to the nozzle levels 65, with 66 the outlet from the circulation water tank 63 to the dewatering station 67. A part of the water quantity is transferred from the dewatering station 67 to the regeneration tank 68.
  • the pump 70 feeds the activated washing liquid to the washing liquid container 63 via an inlet 71, with 72 a pump, with 73 the hot gas area.
  • 81 is the so-called pre-scrubber, which is used for chlorine separation in chlorine-rich coal
  • 82 is the washing stage, which is acidic, preferably in the range between pH 3 and pH 4, and 83 is an iron reactor via which the liquid is discharged the acidic washing cycle is promoted
  • 84 the alkaline washing tank in which the washing liquid with a pH value of greater than pH 5 is circulated
  • 85 a droplet separator behind the second washing stage 84
  • 86 a decanter which contains part of the washing liquid out the second washing circuit stage 84 cleans to the
  • This process technology ensures that the necessary redox potential is generated in the first washing stage via the iron reactor 83 in order to obtain the iron (II) chelate in the washing solution at a low pH value 3-4.
  • the addition of sodium dithionite in the washing liquid according to the invention at a pH greater than 5 compared to the first washing stage of less than 4 also produces a redox potential, so that the iron (II) chelate is retained and thus a correspondingly high simultaneous SO 2 and NO x separation is guaranteed.
  • 101 denotes a washer with three nozzle inserts A, B, C, which are fed by the container 102 in the upper region and three further nozzles D, E, F in the region 103, which are fed with a washing liquid from the container 104 become.
  • the swamp is designated 105.
  • Lime hydrate or limestone is preferably added to the container for the upper nozzle level as well as for the lower nozzle level for different pH adjustment.
  • the pH is kept above preferably less than pH 4 and the subsequent nozzles are preferably kept above pH 5.
  • 111 denotes the flue gas inlet, 112 and
  • nozzle levels I and II with 114 the nozzle level III, with 115 the CaCO 3 dosing and mixing device for the washing water feed for the nozzle levels I and II with dissolved calcium carbonate or lime hydrate.
  • CaCO 3 alkali metal such as sodium hydroxide solution can also be used in the container 115.
  • the scrubber sump is shown at 116, and an air injection at 117, which is generated by a rotary blower e.g. is conveyed into the laundry sump.
  • the air blower is shown, with 119 a container with the addition of reducing agents, such as dithionite, is shown, with 120 the addition of formic acid, with 121 a reduction vessel with, for example, iron plates and the like or electrochemical reduction device (electrolysis), with 122 one Pump for supplying the washing liquid with reducing agents and a negative reduction potential into the nozzle plane 114, which lastly counteracts the raw gas flow, with 123 the pump, which supplies the washing water with a positive redox potential from the washing sump to the reducing vessel 121, 124 shows a pump which operates the nozzle levels II and III, which promotes the washing liquid enriched with positive redox potential and limestone and / or calhydrate in the circuit.
  • reducing agents such as dithionite
  • nebulizer device is shown by droplet separation behind the washer and at 126 the gypsum discharge is shown.
  • This arrangement according to the invention ensures that SO 2 and nitrogen oxide are simultaneously separated from the flue gas with the formation of calcium sulfate and released nitrogen.
  • the invention is not limited to the above-described in detail, but only a few modifications are possible without, however, deviating from the basic idea that the first nozzles are loaded with a washing liquid in a counterflow washer Limestone or dissolved hydrated lime and water, preferably carboxylic acid is used for better dissolution of the additive, with a washing liquid which has a minus redox potential, which is preferably obtained by adding reducing agents such as dithionite, being injected in the last nozzle level opposite to the first nozzle levels. or via a reduction vessel conducts, which is equipped with iron plates, is set.
  • the desired redox potential can be set by electrochemical reduction (electrolysis), so that the washing liquid is fed into the scrubber flow area of the scrubber via a pump 122 at the nozzle level 114, ie the latter nozzle level.
  • the gypsum discharge is provided at 126 via centrifuges and the like.
  • the raw gas is denoted by 131, the scrubber by 132, the washing suspension by 133, the scrubber sump by 134, the cathode by 135, at 136 the anode with electrochemical cell and
  • Membranes 140 with 137 the nozzles, with 138 the chlorine gas outlet, with 139 a pump, with 140 the membranes, with 141 the sulfate separation, with 142 the clean gas.
  • the raw gas is denoted by 151, the clean gas by 152, the scrubber by 153, the pump by 154, the cathode by 155, the anode by 156, the nozzles by 157, the chlorine gas by 158, the scrubber sump by 159, with 160 the membranes, with 161 the gypsum for filtration, with 162 the fresh limestone suspension.
  • the raw gas 131, 151 which contains NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , SO 3 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 3 , CO, CO 2 , as well as dusts, a washer, 132, 153, which is used in cocurrent or countercurrent treated with a washing solution 153.
  • the examples are shown as countercurrent washing in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the washing solution 153 contains divalent iron, which is present as a hydrated ion, as a sulfate complex, as a chloride complex and, depending on the complexing agent, for example as an EDTA or NTA complex.
  • the divalent iron is used in a known manner to complexly bind the sparingly water-soluble NO molecule and to convert it into the aqueous phase.
  • the trivalent iron which is also present in equilibrium, is complexed according to the invention by formic acid and is thus prevented from precipitating out as iron III hydroxide; only then does the electrochemical process run stably.
  • Washing suspension 133 is drawn off from the laundry sump 134 by a pump 139 and fed to the gypsum filtration (sulfate separation 136, 156).
  • a partial stream enters an electrochemical cell in which complex-bound NO is converted to nitrogen and water at the cathode 135, 155. Furthermore, the
  • Chlorine gas is produced at the anode 136, 156, which is drawn off, dried and compressed in a known manner from the anode space, which is provided with semipermeable membranes 140, 160.
  • Waste water can be removed by suitable process control achieve a free driving style, since the chloride ions that are usually required to be discharged are discharged as chlorine gas.
  • nitrite ions and nitrate ions formed from NO 2 can preferably be discharged from the main stream via anion exchange membranes.
  • Nitrite can easily be oxidized to nitrate and extracted, for example, as nitric acid.
  • the use is not limited to the power plant sector, but the reduction of exhaust gas constituents can also be achieved in thermal power plants, various industrial lighting systems as well as mobile systems such as portable power generators, ships, diesel locomotives and motor vehicles.
  • the so-called pre-scrubber which is used for chlorine separation in chlorine-rich coal, is denoted by 171
  • the washing stage which is operated acidically, preferably in the range between pH 3 and pH 4, and 172, an iron reactor via which the liquid from the acidic Washing cycle is promoted
  • the second washing stage which is preferably operated more alkaline, ie with a slightly higher pH value greater than 5, than the washing stage one, which is designated 172
  • a droplet separator behind the second washing stage 174 a decanter which removes part of the washing liquid from the second Wash circuit stage 174 cleans it in order to feed it to the droplet separator for rinsing, dispensing the washing liquid for gypsum dewatering (centrifuge or belt filter), a circulation pump for the washing circuit 172, the washing liquid pump for the washer 174, second washing stage for the circuit with a pH greater than pH 5, where a partial amount is passed over the decanter 176 to discharge the solid (gypsum),
  • Ascorbic acid or an equivalent reducing agent which is added to the washing liquid upstream of the iron reactor 173, this addition preferably only taking place for the start-up phase until the reactor 173 maintains the predetermined redox potential without reducing agent. Furthermore, a partial amount of the pump 179 is added to the area of the pump 184.
  • a portion of the washing liquid from the limestone mixing container 180 is added to an electrolysis station 183.
  • a washing liquid 186 processed with a corresponding negative redox potential is fed into the area of the iron reactor 173 - line 187 - and / or into the area of the counterflow washer 174 - designated 188.
  • partial quantities can also be transferred from the container 181, which is filled with reducing agents, to the electrolysis station 183, so that a very rapid reaction for setting the reduction potential can be achieved by reducing agent and electrolysis and via a further pump 189 the concentrated negative redox potential in the washing liquid is supplied to the nozzle plane 190.
  • This nozzle level is the last one in the washing system in order to add the not yet separated NO x and SO 2 to the washing liquid in order to feed it to the underlying nozzle level 191 and release elemental nitrogen N 2 here.
  • the nozzle level in the DC scrubber is shown at 192. At 193 the downstream nozzle levels.

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Abstract

Procédé d'extraction des oxydes d'azote et des oxydes de soufre, ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres éléments nocifs des gaz de fumées provenant d'installations de combustion, de préférence des chaudières d'usines électriques alimentées en carburants fossiles, les oxydes d'azote étant réduits en azote élémentaire et les oxydes de soufre, ainsi que les autres éléments nocifs étant extraits au moyen d'un processus de lavage. Afin d'améliorer ce procédé du type mentionné ci-dessus en ce qui concerne la simplicité de la réalisation et les résultats possibles, la présente invention propose une série de mesures, comme l'addition d'un acide carbonique monobasique et/ou multibasique à l'EDTA avec du calcaire ou autre, l'addition d'acide phosphorique ou de son sel au liquide de lavage jusqu'à un procédé électrochimique selon lequel sont ajoutés au liquide de lavage d'une installation de désulfuration habituelle des sels formant avec le monoxyde d'azote des complexes qui sont réduits en azote élémentaire et en eau si on les mélange avec de l'acide formique pour empêcher la précipitation de l'hydroxyde creux de fer III à une cathode à montage potentiostatique.
EP85900664A 1984-01-25 1985-01-23 Procede d'extraction des oxydes d'azote et des oxydes de soufre, ainsi que, le cas echeant, d'autres elements nocifs des gaz de fumees provenant d'installations de combustion Withdrawn EP0168453A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (34)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3402383 1984-01-25
DE3402383A DE3402383C2 (de) 1984-01-25 1984-01-25 Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Abscheidung von SO↓2↓ und NO↓x↓ aus Rauchgasen
DE3409526A DE3409526C2 (de) 1984-03-15 1984-03-15 Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Stickoxyden aus dem Rauchgas von Verbrennungsanlagen
DE3409526 1984-03-15
DE19843414471 DE3414471A1 (de) 1984-04-17 1984-04-17 Verfahren zur simultanen waschung von no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts), so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts), hcl, hf und anderen rauchgasschadstoffen, vorzugsweise aus kraftwerksabgasen aus fossil gefeuerten kraftwerken bzw. heizkraftwerksanlagen unter zusatz von eisenkomplexverbindungen und organischen saeuren
DE3414471 1984-04-17
DE3415150 1984-04-21
DE19843415150 DE3415150A1 (de) 1984-04-21 1984-04-21 No(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-waschung hinter rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen
DE19843419611 DE3419611A1 (de) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 Simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-auswaschung aus abgasen hinter verbrennungsanlagen
DE3419611 1984-05-25
DE3422780 1984-06-20
DE19843422780 DE3422780A1 (de) 1984-06-20 1984-06-20 So(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-auswaschung aus abgasen hinter verbrennungsanlagen
DE3427550 1984-07-26
DE3427550A DE3427550C2 (de) 1984-07-26 1984-07-26 Verfahren zur Aktivierung von inaktiven EDTA-Lösungen
DE3428108 1984-07-30
DE3428108A DE3428108C1 (de) 1984-07-30 1984-07-30 Verfahren zur Waschung von SO↓2↓ und/oder NO↓x↓ hinter Fossilkraftwerken
DE3429663A DE3429663C2 (de) 1984-08-11 1984-08-11 Verfahren zur simultanen SO2- und NOx-Abscheidung aus den Rauchgasen von Verbrennungskesseln
DE3429663 1984-08-11
DE3430017 1984-08-16
DE19843430017 DE3430017A1 (de) 1984-08-16 1984-08-16 Simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-waschung mit zugabe von metallischem eisen ausserhalb der oxidationsphase
DE3440782 1984-11-08
DE19843440782 DE3440782A1 (de) 1984-11-08 1984-11-08 Mehrstufige, simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-abscheidung vorzugsweise hinter kraftwerken mit unterschiedlichen ph-werten in den waschstufen
DE3441339 1984-11-13
DE3441340 1984-11-13
DE19843441340 DE3441340A1 (de) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 Verfahren zur zweckdienlichen herstellung des redoxpotentials bei der simultanen so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-abscheidung
DE19843441339 DE3441339A1 (de) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 Waescher fuer simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-ausscheidung in einstufiger bauweise
DE3445203 1984-12-12
DE19843445203 DE3445203A1 (de) 1984-12-12 1984-12-12 Simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-abscheidung in einem einstufigen waescher
DE3447425 1984-12-24
DE3447425A DE3447425C2 (de) 1984-12-24 1984-12-24 Verfahren zur Verminderung von Stickstoffoxiden in Rauchgasen
DE19843447494 DE3447494A1 (de) 1984-12-27 1984-12-27 Mehrstufige simultane so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-abscheidung, wobei das rohgas zuerst in eine gleichstromstufe eingefuehrt wird
DE19843447519 DE3447519A1 (de) 1984-12-27 1984-12-27 Verfahren zur simultanen waschung von so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts) und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts) unter verwendung einer elektrolyse und zufuehrung von ameisensaeure
DE3447519 1984-12-27
DE3447494 1984-12-27

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EP0168453A1 true EP0168453A1 (fr) 1986-01-22

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US (1) US4670234A (fr)
EP (1) EP0168453A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU569775B2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1199650B (fr)

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IT1199650B (it) 1988-12-30
US4670234A (en) 1987-06-02

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