EP0162014B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trennen von körnigem Gut - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trennen von körnigem Gut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0162014B1
EP0162014B1 EP85810219A EP85810219A EP0162014B1 EP 0162014 B1 EP0162014 B1 EP 0162014B1 EP 85810219 A EP85810219 A EP 85810219A EP 85810219 A EP85810219 A EP 85810219A EP 0162014 B1 EP0162014 B1 EP 0162014B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized
bed
tables
bed table
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85810219A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0162014A1 (de
Inventor
Roman Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Priority to AT85810219T priority Critical patent/ATE31254T1/de
Publication of EP0162014A1 publication Critical patent/EP0162014A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0162014B1 publication Critical patent/EP0162014B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B07B9/02—Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating grain into several fractions with two oscillatingly supported and adjustable in their inclination and penetrable by a common airflow fluidized bed tables, wherein an inlet for the granular material is arranged above the higher end of the upper fluidized bed table, the one at the lower end there is an outlet for the lightest grain fraction and there is a stone outlet at the higher end of the lower fluidized bed table and an outlet for the heavy grain fraction at the lower end and an intermediate floor of shorter length than the fluidized bed tables is arranged between the fluidized bed tables, with the upper fluidized bed table also in the direction is divided into two consecutive areas of different perforations from the inlet against the outlet in a manner known per se for the lightest grain fraction, with a slot or a subsequently to a first area across the fluidized bed table e zone of coarse perforations is provided such that the stones and heavy grain fraction can only fall through the fluidized bed table in the area of the slot or in the area of coarse perforations.
  • the upper vibrating table primarily serves to cleanly separate the light fraction and has an elongated shape for this, whereby it can be adjusted at a slight incline from the inlet end to the outlet end and is brought into a swinging motion towards the outlet so that the product over the slight inclination can be continuously promoted.
  • the heavy goods are then drained along a second section onto the lower vibrating table immediately below, the task of which is to read out the heavy goods and the parts with a greater specific weight (such as stones, glass, metal, etc.).
  • the lower vibrating table is also equipped with a vibratory drive, which, however, produces a throwing motion opposite to that of the upper vibrating table.
  • the lower swing table is inclined in the same direction as the upper swing table, but its swinging movement is directed towards the higher outlet for the heaviest parts.
  • the structural complexity of this known device (and thus also its price) is so great that the use of this device is already limited.
  • French publication No. 2 316 004 describes a separating device of a similar type.
  • this second solution has no means for specifically influencing the air distribution through the two fluidized bed tables.
  • each fluidized bed table influences the other.
  • every extreme situation - this always occurs in practice - e.g. starting up the system that is still empty, etc., leads to a deterioration in the separation quality with a suitable device.
  • particularly difficult product mixtures cannot be separated at all, since either only the ratios, Air quantity and inclination etc. of the upper fluidized bed table or only correspondingly adjustable in the lower fluidized bed table.
  • Either one of the two fluidized bed tables is working poorly, or both are working only moderately.
  • no means are proposed in the French publication for specifically influencing only one or each working section.
  • the invention is based on the object of eliminating the disadvantages of the known device and, in particular, of achieving better utilization of the given vibrating table surfaces without loss of selectivity.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized in that the fluidized bed tables are arranged in a rigid and oscillatably mounted frame, to which a common vibratory drive is assigned, the throwing motion of which is directed against the stone outlet, and in that the lower fluidized bed table has an air-permeable material support, below which there is a distance a finely perforated plate is arranged (sandwich construction), and that furthermore the lower fluidized bed table below the intermediate floor has a channel-like depression with an air-impermeable bottom, which leads the heavy grain fraction into the associated outlet.
  • the throughput can be increased significantly with good separation work. This allows the required amount of air as well as the vibration energy to be optimally used, so that a significantly higher throughput can now be processed on the same table surface or a clean layering over a very short table length can be completed.
  • the short section of the diarrhea for the stone selection is preferably at most one fifth of the first product-impermeable area.
  • the invention enables two things: Firstly, a partial flow is simultaneously branched off from the entire crop flow and delivered to the stone reading table. In contrast to older devices, this means that the stone reading table is relieved of part of the goods or the light fraction from the outset. This can e.g. also not reach if a sieving process is carried out at the same time during the layer formation, in which both heavy parts and small parts fall down through the sieve. Secondly, according to the invention, however, it is also achieved that there are now clear operating conditions at every point on the stone reading table, with stratification again taking place on the stone reading table.
  • the stratification is carried out with the stone picker by the throwing swing movement and the opposite or table-up movement with only a small part of the original flow of material, since the larger amount flows directly downwards on the stone selection table.
  • the aim is that less than 50% of the material flow is thrown on the stone reading table. It is also particularly advantageous if the material falling from the upper table surface to the lower table surface is blown with a strong air flow. This loosens up the sloping crop so that almost every grain appears individually on the fluidized bed of the stone selection table.
  • the invention allows various further particularly advantageous design ideas.
  • a slide can be provided that falls against the outlet for the stones and passes underneath the slot or the zone of coarse perforations, which is approximately in the middle between the two fluidized bed tables and over the length of the lower fluidized bed table whose middle third ends.
  • an intermediate floor which is inclined towards the lower end of the lower fluidized bed table, is arranged under the area (A) following the first area (V), the intermediate floor preferably placing the fluidized bed tables at an angle of 25 Intersects ° to 40 °, and that the inclination of the fluidized bed tables with respect to the horizontal is 5 ° to 10 °.
  • the intermediate floor is formed by a large number of flat profiles which are mounted in the frame so as to be rotatable about their longitudinal central axis, so that a corresponding mixed fraction can be set by folding down or interconnecting.
  • the flat profiles can be set so that they touch each other when coplanar. However, they can also be graded so that an air passage opening is created between the steps. Particularly optimal and stable operating conditions are created when the clear exhaust air cross section is divided into zones with adjustable cross sections at a distance above the upper fluidized bed table. Each should have an adjustment flap for adjusting the air volume.
  • the shift table For an optimal functioning of the shift table, it is equipped with a large number of fine perforations, but a smooth surface. With this measure, a strong inhibiting effect is achieved for the product layer lying directly on the upper vibrating table due to the upward-promoting throwing swing movement. This creates an almost scissor-like effect on the upper table, which means that all heavy parts that have once entered the lower layer, which is prevented from flowing away quickly, cannot jump back into the upper layer either through the air or through the vibration movement. This last measure intensifies the layer effect on the upper table.
  • the same intensive work process can be achieved on the lower table if, as mentioned above, the material feed for the stone reader is carried out in the middle area, the material being thrown off locally in a veil-like manner. The focus here is on the fact that a substantial part of the goods is drawn off over a short area and passed to the lower table in a middle area, preferably the middle third, like a veil.
  • the new invention allows the stratification to be carried out almost completely over a relatively short distance or over a short period of time.
  • the layering is completely completed after passing through about half of the upper table surface.
  • This process can also be carried out continuously with a large mass flow; the stratification is even improved as the product throughput increases.
  • the supply of goods to the lower table surface is very particularly preferably deflected and thrown off in a direction opposite to the upper table by means of a slide in relation to the flow direction. This measure additionally loosens the material and also enables the air to be sucked through the two table surfaces and diverted in the area of the slide opposite to the material movement.
  • the stone reading table has a rough surface in a manner known per se, such that the heavy parts are conveyed for the heavy parts due to the swinging-up movement after the higher outlet.
  • the throwing swing movement used for the upper vibrating table against the flow device of the product is used here with the rough surface of the stone casting table for the actual mountain-up promotion of the lower layer, which is enriched with the heaviest components.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an inlet 1 for the granular material or the raw material, which falls directly onto the higher end of an upper fluidized bed table 2.
  • a lower fluidized bed table 3 is installed at a distance below the upper one in a common frame 4. Both tables are set in motion with the frame 4 by an oscillating drive 5, for which purpose they are mounted on a frame 8 by means of a spring 6 or a height-adjustable oscillating support 7.
  • On the frame 8, two side wall parts 9 are also attached, on which an exhaust hood 10 connected to an intake line is placed. This is divided into individual zones 11 by transverse walls. Each zone 11 has an air adjustment flap 32, so that the size of the flow cross section can be set individually in each individual zone.
  • the upper fluidized bed table 2 has a light material outlet 14 ', whereas the lower fluidized bed table 3 is assigned a stone outlet 13, as well as one outlet 15 for the heavy fraction and one outlet 16 for the middle mixed fraction.
  • a transversely oriented threshold 31 is arranged on the upper fluidized bed table 2 in the zone of coarse perforations 24.
  • the threshold 31 can also be arranged in an adjustable manner depending on the product throughput and the arrangement of the upper collecting end 19 'of the slide 19.
  • zone “V” for pre-layering the material is approximately the same length as zone “A” for separating the light fractions or a mixed fraction (FIG. 2).
  • the lower fluidized bed table 3 also has a non-ventilated base piece 30.
  • the base piece 30 has several functions. The portion of the heavy fraction thrown from zone “A” after the slide 19 directly onto the lower fluidized bed table disrupts the layering process on the lower fluidized bed table 3 no longer, since no build-up can occur at this point.
  • a second function is that the total amount of air enters through the part of the lower fluidized bed table in which the air is actually used. The air only enters or through the device where it has to do work.
  • FIG. 2 in which an area (V) is drawn which has a smooth surface with a large number of fine perforations, the area (V) of the upper table surface is air-permeable, but impermeable to the raw material . There is then a zone of coarse perforations 24 over the entire width, which can also be replaced by a passage slot across the entire width. In a region (A) adjoining the coarse perforations, which extends to the light material outlet 14, the table surface also has coarse, possibly medium-coarse perforations 24 'through which the various raw material fractions can fall. It is essential that the upper table does not have a sieve function, since all of the diaphragm openings are larger than the largest part of the material flow. The stratification is obtained by the air flow. The whole lower layer falls through the rough openings. The openings can easily make up 20 to 50% of the entire table area.
  • a base 17 is essential for the separation of a medium fraction, which allows the separation of medium-heavy grains from the material falling through the upper fluidized bed table 2.
  • the bottom 17 consists of a number of flaps 18 which extend from one longitudinal wall of the frame 4 to the other and are pivotally mounted in these longitudinal walls about their longitudinal center. The length of the bottom 17 ending at the outlet 16 and thus the quantitative proportion of the medium-heavy fraction in the falling material is determined by the number of flaps 18 pivoted coplanarly against one another.
  • the chute 19 conveys the proportion of material enriched with the stones and with the heaviest grains, which then falls through the upper fluidized bed table 2 to the first product-permeable area against the stone outlet 13.
  • part of the first half of area (A) can still fall on the lower fluidized bed table 3 when flaps 18 are open.
  • the diarrhea of the second half is then discharged through the outlet 16, the diarrhea of the first half through the outlet 15.
  • the light material outlet 14 is separated out directly.
  • the possibility of double air control of the suction air is particularly interesting for the overall function of the device.
  • uniform ventilation is achieved over the entire table surface, regardless of the layer thickness of the grain.
  • the function of the upper fluidized bed table 2 requires for the areas that follow from left to right, i.e. that for product stratification, for throwing off the stones and the heavy grain fraction as well as for the separation into medium-heavy and light goods, each a specifically controlled and adapted amount of air, which can be adjusted by means of the adjustment flaps 32.
  • the lower fluidized bed table 3 has a lower perforated plate 20 with a perforation 21, above which a parallel mesh 23 is arranged.
  • a parallel mesh 23 is arranged in the space between the perforated plate 20 and the mesh 23, checker-like bulkhead walls 23 are provided, which divide the flow cross-section for the air into rectangular channels.
  • the two fluidized bed tables 2 and 3 are preferably parallel to one another and adjustable by means of the vibration support 7 with respect to a horizontal plane (angle 26) between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • the direction of oscillation of the oscillating drive 5 intersects the planes of the fluidized bed tables 2 and 3 at an angle of 25 ° to 45 ° (angle 27), whereas the plane of the bottom 17 or the plane of the slide 19 each with an angle of those of the fluidized bed tables 2 and 3 from 5 ° to 40 ° (angle 28) or an angle from 0 ° to 65 ° (angle 29).
  • the inclination of the lower fluidized bed table 3 is set in such a way that it is the most favorable for the separation of the stones through the outlet 13.
  • the inclination of the upper fluidized bed table 2 should be less optimal for separating the other fractions.
  • the length adjustability of the base 17 the amount of the mixed fraction to be discharged through the outlet 16 can be increased or reduced, in particular in the case of large throughput differences, at the expense of the heavy grain fraction to be discharged through the outlet 15. Due to the inclination of the base 17, the material falling thereon can flow into the outlet 16 without delay, despite the opposite direction of oscillation of the oscillating drive 5.
  • the bottom 17 can also be set in steps (dashed lines), suction air flowing in the area of the steps from the lower fluidized bed table 3 to the upper, which facilitates a uniform air flow through this, the lightest fraction (bowls , Husks, etc.) is discharged as an expulsion of the upper layer table 2 through an outlet 14 '.
  • the upper end of the slide 19 lies under the area (D) directly adjoining the pre-layer area of the upper fluidized bed table 2, through which almost all the stones fall in order to guide them as far as possible into the middle area of the lower table 3.
  • the slide 19 is preferably mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the frame 4, so that its upper end can be brought to a greater or smaller distance from the end of the pre-layer area of the upper fluidized bed table 2. This makes it possible to do practically anything Catch stones with the slide 19 and hand them over to the lower fluidized bed table 3 for the final separation.
  • 6a is a top view of the upper vibrating table.
  • the table has a rectangular shape in a first area “V”.
  • the adjoining zone “A” becomes narrower towards the outlet in order to maintain the stratification up to the end, with the progressive diarrhea of the goods through area “A”.
  • FIG. 6b only shows a doubling of FIG. 6a.
  • the device described is particularly suitable for separating heavy parts, such as glass fragments, fine metal parts, stones and the like, heavy grains, broken, languid and light grains, seeds, shells, dirt and the like from cereals. It has also been shown, however, that there is an almost identical task with compost, namely the removal of heavy parts and light material from shredded, in particular with mature, dry waste compost, provided the material is free-flowing. In the foreground are three fractions, the heavy parts (stones, broken glass, fine metal parts), the light parts (small pieces of plastic) and the main mass of the good compost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP85810219A 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trennen von körnigem Gut Expired EP0162014B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85810219T ATE31254T1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trennen von koernigem gut.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2240/84 1984-05-08
CH224084 1984-05-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0162014A1 EP0162014A1 (de) 1985-11-21
EP0162014B1 true EP0162014B1 (de) 1987-12-09

Family

ID=4229127

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85810219A Expired EP0162014B1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trennen von körnigem Gut
EP85901960A Expired EP0181353B1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trennen von körnigem gut
EP85902511A Expired EP0182831B1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum auslesen von schwergut, insbesondere steinen o.ä., aus getreide und anderen schüttgütern

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901960A Expired EP0181353B1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trennen von körnigem gut
EP85902511A Expired EP0182831B1 (de) 1984-05-08 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum auslesen von schwergut, insbesondere steinen o.ä., aus getreide und anderen schüttgütern

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US4652362A (ru)
EP (3) EP0162014B1 (ru)
JP (2) JPH0659463B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR900001435B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE31254T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU569011B2 (ru)
BR (1) BR8506704A (ru)
DE (3) DE3562988D1 (ru)
SU (2) SU1480753A3 (ru)
WO (2) WO1985005050A1 (ru)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE4118675A1 (de) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-10 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Luftunterstuetzter trenner
EP2520376A1 (de) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-07 Bühler AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fraktionierung von Schüttgut

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KR860700096A (ko) 1986-03-31
KR900001435B1 (ko) 1990-03-10
DE3564386D1 (en) 1988-09-22
US4652362A (en) 1987-03-24
DE3561131D1 (en) 1988-01-21
WO1985005049A1 (en) 1985-11-21
AU569011B2 (en) 1988-01-14
SU1480753A3 (ru) 1989-05-15
EP0181353A1 (de) 1986-05-21
AU4403985A (en) 1985-11-28
JPH0659463B2 (ja) 1994-08-10
JPS61502041A (ja) 1986-09-18
BR8506704A (pt) 1986-04-15
EP0181353B1 (de) 1988-06-01
JPH084780B2 (ja) 1996-01-24
EP0182831B1 (de) 1988-08-17
SU1477237A3 (ru) 1989-04-30
WO1985005050A1 (en) 1985-11-21
ATE31254T1 (de) 1987-12-15
US4913804A (en) 1990-04-03
DE3562988D1 (en) 1988-07-07
EP0182831A1 (de) 1986-06-04
EP0162014A1 (de) 1985-11-21
JPS61502042A (ja) 1986-09-18

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