EP0054750B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054750B1
EP0054750B1 EP81109822A EP81109822A EP0054750B1 EP 0054750 B1 EP0054750 B1 EP 0054750B1 EP 81109822 A EP81109822 A EP 81109822A EP 81109822 A EP81109822 A EP 81109822A EP 0054750 B1 EP0054750 B1 EP 0054750B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressing
pressed
partial
pressing direction
plungers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81109822A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0054750A3 (en
EP0054750A2 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Rütten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lyndex Recycling Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT81109822T priority Critical patent/ATE15622T1/de
Publication of EP0054750A2 publication Critical patent/EP0054750A2/fr
Publication of EP0054750A3 publication Critical patent/EP0054750A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054750B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054750B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/08—Accessory tools, e.g. knives; Mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3021—Press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3078—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with precompression means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing compacts from old material, in particular garbage with bulky proportions, in which the material introduced into a press box through a filling shaft is compressed by a press ram that can be displaced in the press box to form a compact and the compact is then pressed into Pressing direction is pushed into a transport container downstream of the press box aligned;
  • the cross section of the compact perpendicular to the pressing direction corresponds approximately to the inner cross section of the transport container.
  • the material introduced through a filling chute in a press box is pressed by a press ram which can be displaced in the press box after passing the filling chute opening which opens into the press box and is compressed against a plate .
  • this plate forms a closure between the press box and a transport container which is in alignment with the press box in the working position and into which the material compacted after the pressing to a compact is introduced by moving it with the press ram.
  • the compacts provided for filling are required to have the same possible material density over their entire cross-section.
  • meeting this requirement proves to be difficult, since the old material is inhomogeneous and often fluctuates greatly in its density and compressibility.
  • the known pressing device does not optimally meet the requirement placed on the compacts for all feed materials. Although the material is compressed in the pressing direction of the press ram, no other compression, for example transverse to the pressing direction, takes place. As a result, the compact can have a different material density over its cross-section, which should correspond to the inner cross-section of the transport container of, for example, 2 m x 2 m, due to the force of gravity acting on the material introduced as a loose fill and the pressure of the material above.
  • angles of repose are formed in the material present in bulk, so that during the subsequent pressing, the compacts, particularly in their upper region, often have a lower material density than in their lower region, and usually also have a lower height than that in the transport container Available loading height allows. Above all, however, the formation of bridges or cavities in the bed frequently caused by bulky material or bulky waste, that is to say by material of excessive piece size, contributes to the different density of the compact.
  • container filling may be uneven and incomplete over the cross section of the transport container, so that the available container volume is not used completely and thus inefficiently.
  • the operators of waste incineration plants also demand that a certain maximum piece size of bulky parts contained in the waste is not exceeded.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for its implementation, which allow the production of compacts with an improved, in particular more uniform, material density over their cross-section for optimal use of the transport container volume, a predetermined individual piece size not being exceeded.
  • the total quantity required for a compact is subjected to pressing comminution in a simple manner, divided into partial quantities and already undergoes pre-compression, so that those present in the originally loose bed Voids and material bridges are eliminated.
  • bulky material that cannot easily pass through the smaller cross-section is pressed on at least one edge of the cross-sectional opening sheared and thereby crushed, so that it affects the material density in the compact, if at all, less adversely than in its original size and thus also meets the requirements for charging a waste incineration plant.
  • the material can be press-crushed in a particularly simple manner if it is shifted in the pressing direction for this purpose, as was previously only the case with pressing; because the material shift required anyway for pressing can now be carried out step by step with a subset in each case.
  • At least a subset, preferably the first subset of the material previously crushed in the horizontal pressing direction under the action of gravity, can be fed vertically to the pressing process, in which this partial material quantity (s) together with the other subset (s) intended for the same compact in a horizontal manner Pressing direction is (are) pressed.
  • a layer-by-layer structure results for the material to be subsequently subjected to the pressing in a manner known per se, the individual layers being arranged essentially vertically one above the other and each having approximately the same material density.
  • the crushing of partial quantities is preferably repeated until the partial quantities have the cross-section which is vertical to the pressing direction and then in a manner known per se by pressing Fill out the compact to be produced.
  • the press ram In a device for producing compacts from old material, in particular garbage with bulky parts, according to the inventive method, with one in a press box. displaceable press ram, a filling chute which opens into the press box at right angles to the pressing direction and a closure plate which can be slid transversely to the pressing direction between the press box and a transport container arranged in line with the press box in the pressing direction, in which the ram presses the material introduced through the filling chute after passing by in
  • the press ram consists of together and / or individually displaceable partial rams arranged one above the other in the direction of the press, at least one of which passes near the edge which delimits the feed chute opening in the pressing direction and is preferably covered with a knife can.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out by simply moving the partial punches in the pressing direction relative to one another, so that no special aids such as comminution mills or hammers arranged within the device are required for the press comminution or pre-compression.
  • the amount of material located in the press box outside the filling shaft in front of this partial stamp is conveyed into the actual pressing chamber with each passage of this partial stamp, which is between the sealing plate and the Press direction vertical knife level is located in which the knife edge.
  • the bulky material protruding into the filling shaft is crushed into partial quantities at the knife edge.
  • the total quantity intended for a compact is then composed of the individual subsets in a sandwich-like structure, the individual layers having a more uniform material density and piece size compared to the loose bed which existed at this point previously and in known devices.
  • the (preferably) lower, partial punches passing by the knife edge block or block a relatively large part of the press box cross-section, so that for the material to be fed to the pressing only the remaining cross-section between the lower part of the punch and the knife edge remains the only access to the actual press chamber.
  • the pressing chamber opening remaining in this way can be chosen larger or smaller depending on the type of material to be predominantly pressed are used by using different sized stamps, ie in the vertical to the pressing direction different or also having the same height.
  • the vertical lower stamp (s) may preferably have a greater height than the upper partial stamp (s), so that the press chamber in front of the lower partial stamp (s) can hold more than one partial material quantity can, while with the same size part of the ram, the press chamber is already filled by two parts of the same size with approximately the same material density.
  • the preferably lower partial stamp (s) passing by at a distance from the knife edge each has a preferably upper partial stamp (s) that passes close to the knife edge ( n) adjacent cover area.
  • the partial stamp provided with the cover surface offers a displacement surface for the material moved by the other partial stamp.
  • the pressing process is carried out in a manner known per se, by moving the partial punches together against the material lying in front of the sealing plate until the desired bale density is reached .
  • the device according to FIG. 1 consists of a horizontal press box 1, in which two part-punches 2, 3 arranged vertically one above the other, together forming a press ram, are horizontally displaceable. These partial stamps are each to be actuated by a cylinder-piston drive, not shown in the drawing, and operate in the manner described below both as a conveying stamp and as a pressing stamp.
  • the press box 1 opens transversely to the pressing direction (arrow 4), in the example shown vertically from above, a filling shaft 5 through which the material to be pressed is introduced.
  • the filling chute opening is provided with a knife on the edge 6 located at the rear in the pressing direction 4; in the upper area of the end face 7 of the upper part 2, a counter knife edge 8 is formed.
  • the actual press chamber 10 at the ejection opening 11 for finished compacts a transverse to the pressing direction 4, in the example shown vertically, movable closure plate 12 is arranged.
  • the closure plate 12 can be opened and lowered with a pressure-actuated cylinder piston drive 13; in Fig. 1 it is shown in the raised position, in which the discharge opening 11 of the press box 1 is open.
  • the press box 1 is aligned with a transport container 14 in the pressing direction 4, which can be connected to the discharge opening 11 of the press box 1 by mechanical means, not shown.
  • the press box 1 and the transport container 14 form a coherent cavity, since in the exemplary embodiment shown the size and dimensions of the cross section of the container 14 essentially correspond to the cross section of the press box 1 and that of the press chamber 10.
  • the transport container 14 can be closed at its filling end 15 by a door 16 which can be displaced transversely to the pressing direction 4, preferably vertically and which is shown in FIG. 1 in the raised position.
  • a first sub-amount is horizontally displaced in a press crushing phase against the press chamber opening 20, at the same time being pre-compressed and finally in the knife plane 9, if necessary, of the remaining material by shearing between the knife edge 6 and the opposite edge 8 of the upper part of the stamp 2 separated or isolated.
  • This first subset then falls under the influence of gravity vertically into the still empty press chamber 10 in front of the lower sub-punch 3.
  • the upper sub-die 2 then moves back to the starting position shown in solid lines in the figures.
  • the im Press box 1 or filling chute 5 material present further individual quantities by press crushing and moved into the press chamber 10. This process is repeated until the pressure chamber 10 is filled over its entire cross section with material which consists of sandwiched material subsets and which has a more uniform material density and piece size, in particular over its vertical cross section, compared to the material previously available as a loose fill .
  • the total amount required for a compact can also be added continuously through the filling shaft; in addition, a weight-based preliminary determination of the respective total amount is not necessary if, for. B. in the baling chamber other measuring methods for the quantity allocation can be provided.
  • the pre-compressed material lying in the pressing chamber 10 is pushed together by the partial punches 2, 3 which advance as a pressing punch against the locking plate 12 (pressing door) which is in the lowered position and, as soon as the partial punches 2 and 3 have passed over the knife level 9, interact compressed with the closure plate 12 into a compact.
  • the partial punches 2, 3 which advance as a pressing punch against the locking plate 12 (pressing door) which is in the lowered position and, as soon as the partial punches 2 and 3 have passed over the knife level 9, interact compressed with the closure plate 12 into a compact.
  • the partial punches 2 and 3 are stopped, the closure plate 12 is raised and the partial punches 2 and 3 are now retracted acting as a conveying stamp into the transport container 14 and only returned to their respective starting position when the Compact is pushed completely into the transport container 14, so that after completion and advance of the last compact provided for a container after the return of the stamp part 2 and 3, the door 16 of the container and the closure plate 12 can be closed properly.
  • the work cycle described is repeated to produce a second and then further compacts.
  • the row of compacts already inserted into the transport container 14 is advanced one bale length each time until the desired filling weight of the container is reached by the inserted compacts.
  • a length can be determined in a known manner and, if the transport container can no longer accommodate a complete compact, a residual compact can be produced which is dimensioned such that the door 16 of the transport container 14 can still be closed.
  • the two-part design of the press ram according to the exemplary embodiments also proves to be advantageous for further reasons;
  • the container door 16 can namely be closed when processing certain goods in the partial steps corresponding to the number of partial stamps, in the present example thus in two partial steps, in order to largely prevent the compressed material from falling out of the container.
  • the upper die 2 is first retracted from the container 14 and the container door 16 is lowered so far that the material in the upper region of the compact adjacent to the door 16 is held back by the lowered door 16 in the container 14.
  • the lower part 3 prevents material from the lower region of the compact from being pressed out of the container 14 or falling out. Only when the compact is supported by the partially lowered door 16 does the lower ram 3 move back to its starting position and the container door 16 can be closed completely.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 only to the extent that the partial punches 21, 22 have different heights, the lower partial punch 22 being higher than the upper partial punch 21.
  • the compression chamber opening 23 is further reduced in this embodiment, so that the filling of the compression chamber 10 with pre-compressed partial material quantities requires more than two strokes of the upper part of the punch 21 and accordingly more than two partial material quantities.
  • the lower partial ram 3, 21, which is normally only displaceable between the transport container and the knife plane, can be moved into an initial position which corresponds to that of the upper partial ram 2, 21, so that for special applications the entire press chamber opening also serves as a passage for the material to be pressed is available.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Procédé de fabrication de produits comprimés à partir de vieux matériaux (17), notamment à partir d'ordures contenant de gros morceaux, dans lequel les matériaux qui sont introduits, en passant par un puits de chargement (5), dans un caisson de compression (1) sont poussés par un poussoir de compression (2, 3, 21, 22) qui peut se déplacer dans le caisson de compression (1) en étant comprimés de manière à former un produit comprimé, ce produit comprimé étant poussé, dans le sens de la compression, dans un récipient de transport (14) placé à la suite et dans l'alignement du caisson de compression (1), caractérisé en ce que les matériaux (17), en particulier les matériaux en gros morceaux sont soumis, entre leur introduction dans le caisson de compression (1) et leur compression, à une opération de subdivision par compression au cours de laquelle la quantité totale destinée à la fabrication d'un produit comprimé est subdivisée en quantités partielles séparées, ces quantités partielles étant soumises à une précompression puis réunies de nouveau pour reconstituer la quantité totale.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les quantités partielles sont envoyées à la compression en traversant une section plus réduite que la section du produit comprimé.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les matériaux qui doivent être comprimés sont subdivisés et morcelés par compression dans le sens (4) de la compression.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une quantité partielle, de préférence la première quantité partielle des matériaux préalablement subdivisés et morcelés par compression dans le sens de compression horizontal (4), se déplace sous l'action de la pesanteur, perpendiculairement à la direction de compression (4), jusqu'à l'emplacement où doit s'effectuer la compression, au cours de laquelle cette ou ces quantités partielles de matériaux, réunies à une autre ou à d'autres quantités partielles destinées à la fabrication du même produit comprimé, est ou sont comprimées dans le sens horizontal.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la séparation par compression des quantités partielles est repétée autant de fois qu'il faut pour que les quantités partielles remplissent la section verticale perpendiculaire à la direction de compression (4) du produit comprimé qui doit être ensuite, d'une manière connue, fabriqué par compression.
6. Dispositif pour l'application du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, qui comprend un poussoir de compression (2, 3, 21, 22) qui peut se déplacer dans un caisson de compression (1), un puits de chargement (5) qui débouche dans le caisson de compression (1) dans le sens transversal par rapport à la direction de compression (4) et une plaque de fermeture mobile (12) qui est orientée transversalement par rapport à la direction de compression (4) et est intercalée entre le caisson de compression (1) et un récipient de transport (14) monté à la suite et dans l'alignement du caisson de compression (1) dans la direction de compression (4), et dans lequel le poussoir de compression (2, 3, 21, 22), après son passage devant l'ouverture du puits de chargement qui débouche dans le caisson de compression (1), pousse contre la plaque de fermeture (12), en les comprimant, les matériaux (17) qui sont introduits par le puits de chargement (5), caractérisé en ce que le poussoir de compression est constitué par deux poussoirs partiels (2, 3, 21, 22) qui peuvent se déplacer ensemble et/ou séparément et sont situés l'un au-dessus de l'autre verticalement dans le sens perpendiculaire à la direction de compression (4) et dont l'un au moins peut passer à proximité d'un bord (6) qui limite l'ouverture du puits du chargement dans la direction de compression (4) et est de préférence muni d'une arête coupante.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les poussoirs partiels (2, 3) ont des hauteurs égales dans la direction verticale perpendiculaire à la direction de compression (4).
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les poussoirs partiels (22), de préférence inférieurs, qui passent à une certaine distance du bord (6) muni d'une arête coupante ont dans le sens vertical, perpendiculairement à la direction de compression (4), une hauteur plus grande que le ou les poussoirs partiels (21), de préférence supérieurs, qui passent à proximité du bord (6) muni de l'arête coupante.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des poussoirs partiels, (3, 22), de préférence inférieurs, qui passent à une certaine distance du bord (6) muni de l'arête coupante comporte une surface de protection (18) contiguë au poussoir partiel (2, 21), de préférence supérieur, qui passe à proximité du bord (6) muni de l'arête coupante.
EP81109822A 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux Expired EP0054750B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109822T ATE15622T1 (de) 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von presslingen aus altmaterial.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803047673 DE3047673A1 (de) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 "verfahren undvorrichtung zum herstellen von presslingen aus altmaterial"
DE3047673 1980-12-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054750A2 EP0054750A2 (fr) 1982-06-30
EP0054750A3 EP0054750A3 (en) 1983-05-04
EP0054750B1 true EP0054750B1 (fr) 1985-09-18

Family

ID=6119449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109822A Expired EP0054750B1 (fr) 1980-12-18 1981-11-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des articles pressés de vieux matériaux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0054750B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57125014A (fr)
AT (1) ATE15622T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8108227A (fr)
DE (2) DE3047673A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES508075A0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5181463A (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-01-26 M. Glosser & Sons, Inc. Integrated precompacting trash compactor
FR2757443B1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1999-02-19 Semat Procede et dispositif de compactage de matieres compressibles, en particulier de dechets
US6196124B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-03-06 The American Baler Company Baling machine having two part ejector ram
DE102012103959B4 (de) * 2012-01-23 2015-04-23 Max Aicher Gmbh & Co. Kg Pressvorrichtung für Feststoffe
DE202015102730U1 (de) 2015-05-27 2016-08-31 Autefa Solutions Germany Gmbh Fülleinrichtung
CN104999689B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2017-03-29 重庆市恒海环卫设备有限公司 一种分体式双级垃圾压缩机压缩头及压缩机
DE102019121951B4 (de) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-25 Andreas Heinen Paketierpresse und verfahren zum paketieren von verformbarem material

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1269944B (de) * 1966-08-05 1968-06-06 Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Verdichten von Muell
DE1806209A1 (de) * 1968-10-31 1970-05-27 Dockter Adolf M Schrottschere
US3580166A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-05-25 Int Dynetics Corp Compaction apparatus
US3625138A (en) * 1969-06-16 1971-12-07 Electronic Assistance Corp Waste disposal
FR2079442A5 (fr) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-12 Frossard J
CA949382A (en) * 1971-10-12 1974-06-18 General Compactor Of Quebec Ltd. Refuse compactor
DE7313290U (de) * 1973-04-07 1979-03-08 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Presse zum herstellen von ballen aus altmaterial
GB1495905A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-12-21 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Method and an apparatus for filling a container with compressed blocks of refuse
DE2523606C3 (de) * 1975-05-28 1979-07-19 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Abstreifer an einem in einen Behälter einfahrbaren Stempel
DE2538645A1 (de) * 1975-08-30 1977-03-03 Ehinger Adolf Eba Maschf Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit nachgeordneter pressvorrichtung
JPS5277474A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-06-29 Shin Meiwa Ind Co Ltd Falling off preventing device of dust in compactor
SE7705269L (sv) * 1977-05-05 1978-11-06 Ab Sunds Sett och anordning att genom pressning overfora voluminost material till balar
DE2903247A1 (de) * 1979-01-29 1980-07-31 Hazemag Andreas Kg Eingabepresse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8302535A1 (es) 1982-12-01
BR8108227A (pt) 1982-10-05
DE3047673A1 (de) 1982-07-15
ATE15622T1 (de) 1985-10-15
DE3172372D1 (en) 1985-10-24
EP0054750A3 (en) 1983-05-04
JPS57125014A (en) 1982-08-04
EP0054750A2 (fr) 1982-06-30
ES508075A0 (es) 1982-12-01

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