DK150804B - Proeveskaal til proevetagning og optisk analyse - Google Patents
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Description
150804
Opfindelsen angår en prøveskål til prøvetagning, blanding af prøven med et reagensmiddel og direkte foretagelse af en særskilt optisk analyse af den med reagensmidlet blandede prøve, og bestående af et gennemsigtigt legeme med 5 mindst to planparallelle indre flader, der afgrænser mindst et kapillarrum til optagelse af prøven via et indløb til hulrummet.
Ved vådkemiske analyser opmåles prøven som regel ved hjælp af en pipette af engangstypen, medens reagensmidlet op-10 måles i en skål ved hjælp ef en pipette eller en dispenser. Reagensmidlet har oftest forholdsvis stort volumen, hvilket bevirker, at der opstår forholdsvis små fejl ved målingen af reagensmidlet, medens prøven som regel har lille volumen, således at der sker en betyde-15 lig fortynding ved prøvens blanding med reagensmidlet.
For at opnå en stor præcision må prøvevolumenet derfor opmåles med stor nøjagtighed. Blandingen indeholdende prøven og reagensmidlet overføres efter eventuel reaktionstid til måling i en optisk måleskål.
20 Fra US patentskrift nr. 3 620 676 kendes et prøve- og indikatoraggregat, hvis hulrum, der indeholder prøven, er manuelt sammentrykkeligt, og er udformet med ikke-plane flader, der er anbragt eller er indstillelige i en forud bestemt afstand fra hinanden. Aggregatet er 25 derhos ikke forsynet med en i forhold til hulrummets volumen forud bestemt mængde reagensmiddel. Endvidere kendes fra US-patentskrift nr. 3 732 079 et aggregat, hvor prøven suges ind i en beholder ved manuel sammentrykning af et hvælvet parti. Mængden af den derved til-30 førte væske er således afhængig af det anvendte tryk og håndens varme. Endelig kendes fra US-patentskrift nr.
3 690 836 et aggregat til brug for studier af kemiske og biologiske reaktioner, og hvor prøven ved kapillar-virkning indføres i mellemrummet mellem plader gennem 35 huller i disse. Fra dette patentskrift kendes tillige 2 150804 anvendelse af et porøst materiale, f.eks. filterpapir til opsugning af prøven.
Det er opfindelsens formål at anvise en prøveskål, der er således udformet, at man undgår hidtil forekommende 5 mangler ved analyser af denne art, og dette er ifølge opfindelsen opnået ved, at den optiske bane er rettet lodret på de planparallelle flader, der er indstillet eller indstillelige ved ydre kraftpåvirkning i en forud bestemt indbyrdes afstand til nøjagtig bestemmelse af 10 den optiske banes længde og kapillarhulrummets volumen, at indløbet fungerer med kapil1 arvirkning, og at kapillarhulrummets overflade er belagt med et materiale, som tillige er reagensmiddel, og hvis totale stofmængde står i forudbestemt forhold til hulrummets volumen.
15 Opfindelsen gør det muligt at foretage prøvetagning af væske, blanding og kemisk reaktion med et reagensmiddel for eksempel farveudvikling i samme skål som anvendes til efterfølgende måling. Ι/ed opfindelsen opnås således en forenkling af prøvetagningen, hvorhos antal-20 let af redskaber formindskes. Endvidere forbedres i de fleste tilfælde, afhængigt af analysetypen, analysens nøjagtighed i betydelig grad ved, at foretagelsen af analysen bliver uafhængig af arbejdsteknikken hos den person, der udfører analysen. Sammenlignet med den ma-25 nuelle, normale fremgangsmåde opnås der også ved hjælp af opfindelsen en betydelig tidsbesparelse.
Prøveskålen ifølge opfindelsen kan have form af en optisk måleskål med kort lysvej, og navnlig beregnet til direkte opsugning af prøven ved hjælp af kapillar- 30 kraft, der opstår mellem de i skålens hulrum afgrænsende vægge. Skålens hulrum er belagt med en nøje bestemt mængde, reagensmiddel, fortrinsvis i fast form, og resten 3 150804 af hulrummets volumen fyldes med prøvevæske, således at der opnås et nøjagtigt bestemt blandingsforhold mellem reagensmiddel og prøven. Reagensmidlet er indrettet til at blive opløst af prøvevæsken. Dette betyder, at to tid-5 ligere manuelle målinger erstattes med en enkelt måling, hvor fabrikationsnøjagtigheden bliver bestemmende for målingsnøjagtigheden.
Reagensmidlet bør være fremstillet således, at dets opløsning ikke sker altfor hurtigt. Ved vibrationsblan-10 ding opnas en øget opløsningshastighed. Opløsningshastigheden kan også påvirkes ved dragering af reagensmidlet med en egnet, sværtopløselig substans, hvilket tillige gør det muligt at udføre kemiske reaktioner i flere trin og at adskille følsomme reagensmidler fra hinanden.
15 Blandingen kan hensigtsmæssigt ske ved vibrering, idet væskelaget er så tyndt, at sædvanligt anvendte blandings-metoder er virkningsløse. Blandingen foretages enklest i et fotometer men kan også foretages i en fritstående vibrator. Optimal vibrationsfrekvens og amplitude er 20 til en vis grad afhængig af måleskålens fysiske udformning og placering. Når der anvendes fritstående vibratorer, kan der ved optisk analyse anvendes et standard-fotometer.
Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under hen-25 visning til tegningen, som skematisk viser forskellige udførelsesformer for en prøveskål ifølge opfindelsen i stor målestok, og hvor fig. 1 viser en måleskål ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 er et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, 30 fig. 3 viser en anden ud førelses form for skålen, 4 150804 fig. 4 er et snit efter linien IV-IV i fig. 3, fig. 5 viser en tredie udførelsesform for skålen, fig. 6 er et snit efter linien VI-VI i fig. 5, fig. 7 viser en udførelsesform for skålen med parallel-3 forbundne hulrum, fig. 8 viser en udførelsesform med serieforbundne hulrum, fig. 9 viser en ud førelses form for skålen med udad buede vægge, fig. 10 viser skålen ifølge fig. 9 set fra den ene side, 10 fig. 11 viser en udførelsesform for skålen med en indløbskanal , fig. 12 er et snit efter linien XIII-XIII i fig. 11, fig. 13 viser en skål ifølge opfindelsen med afstands-organer, og 15 fig. 14 er et snit efter linien XV-XV i fig. 13.
Den på tegningen viste prøveskål 10 består af glas eller af plast, der er gennemsigtigt for at muliggøre optisk analyse. Skålen ifølge fig. 1 og 2 har et til optagelse af en væskeformig prøve beregnet hulrum 11, der er så-20 ledes dimensioneret, at det kan fyldes ved hjælp af kapillarkraft. Hulrummets dimensioner er bestemt nøjagtigt, navnlig for så vidt angår afstanden mellem de hulrummet afgrænsende vægge.
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Hulrummet 11 er indrettet til at kunne tilføres reagensmiddel ved inddampning, frysetørring, sprøjtning, raster-tryk eller på anden egnet måde. Mængden af reagensmiddel reguleres nøjagtigt i afhængighed af hulrummets størrel-5 se. Ved dragering af reagensmidlet kan opløsningshastig heden i prøven reguleres, f.eks. ved opløsning af flere reagensmidler i bestemt rækkefølge, hvilket er hensigtsmæssigt ved analyser i flere reaktionstrin, eller til isolation af følsomme reagensmidler. Når reagensmidlet 10 er afsat i hulrummet, er skålen færdig til brug, der ved den i fig. 1 viste skål sker ved, at hulrummets udad åbne side bringes i berøring med den pågældende væskeformige prøve, som derved trænger ind i hulrummet 11, hvor den blandes med reagensmidlet enten spontant eller ved hjælp 15 af f.eks. en vibrator, som kan bestå af et særskilt appa rat, eller som kan udgøre en del af det analyseapparat, f.eks. et fotometer, hvori prøven skal analyseres. Derefter anbringes prøven i analyseapparatet, og analysen foretages.
20 Ifølge fig. 1 og 2 findes der en ringformet ribbe 30 på ydersiden af den i fig. 2 øvre, hulrummet afgrænsende væg.
Denne ribbe tjener til at beskytte den omsluttende del af væggen mod ridsning eller anden beskadigelse under skålens håndtering forud for analysen.
25 Fig. 3 og 4 viser en anden udførelsesform for skålen 10, der har et hulrum 12 og to kanaler 13, der strækker sig fra modsatte sider af skålen og udmunder i hulrummet. En prøve kan således suges hurtigt gennem skålen, hvilket i visse tilfælde kan være fordelagtigt. I hver af skå-30 lens modsatte vægge findes der over hulrummet en fordyb ning 31 med plan bund, og som ligger lige overfor hinanden. Disse fordybninger tjener samme formål som ribben 30 i den foran nævnte udførelsesform.
150804
Skålen ifølge fig. 5 og 6 har et hulrum 14 med varierende dybde, som dannes ved, at en af hulrummets sider er aftrappet ved pålægning af pladen 15 med forskellig afstand fra den modsatte side. Afstanden mellem disse kan 5 varieres og niveauforskellen mellem afsatsene bliver bestemmende for målenøjagtigheden. Det yderste hulrum kan tjene som et optagelsesrum uden reagensmiddel, og hvorfra prøven indføres i de andre hulrum med passende hastighed. Over en eller flere af afsatsene kan der fin-10 des en ribbe 30 eller en fordybning 31 som omtalt foran.
Skålen ifølge fig. 7 har fire parallelforbundne hulrum 23, 23'. der er tilsluttet en fælles kanal 25 ved hjælp af grenkanaler 24, der fortsætter på hulrummets modsatte sider og udmunder i det frie for at hindre luftpropper 15 i hulrummet ved indføring af prøven. Hulrummene 23, 23' kan indeholde reagensmiddel af samme eller forskellig art til foretagelse af kontrolanalyser henholdsvis forskellige slags analyser. Ifølge en udførelsesform kan hulrummene 23' i stedet for væggene afsat reagensmiddel 20 indeholde en gel, f.eks. en gel af en bestemt type i det på tegningen øverst beliggende hulrum og en gel af anden type i det nederste hulrum. Derved opnås den fordel, at en prøve eksempelvis kan bringes til at reagere med to forskellige reagensmidler i hulrummene 23, medens 25 partikler med en af den valgte gel bestemt størrelse diffunderer ind i gelen i det respektive hulrum 23' for at reagere med det i gelen indeholdte reagensmiddel.
Ifølge fig. 8 har skålen to serie forbundne hulrum 26, hvori en prøve indføres gennem en kanal 27. Begge hul-30 rum kan indeholde reagensmiddel af samme art til kontrol-analyse, eller de kan indeholde forskellige reagensmidler til forskellige analyser. Ligesom ved den foran omtalte udførelses form kan det ene hulrum indeholde et reagensmiddel og det andet, indre hulrum en gel.
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Skålen ifølge fig. 9 og 10 består af et mere elastisk plastmateriale end de foran beskrevne skåle, og dens hulrum 16 begrænses som vist i fig. 10 af udad buede vægge, som ved hjælp af et mekanisk apparat kan sammen- 5 presses til en forudbestemt afstand fra hinanden ved den efterfølgende analyse. Skålen ifølge fig. 11 og 12 består ligeledes af et elastisk materiale og er udformet med et hulrum 18 med en indløbskanal 19. Også her sammenpresses de hulrummet afgrænsende vægge ved en efterfølgende må-10 ling. Både ved denne og ved den foran omtalte udførelses- form bliver skålmaterialets tykkelsestolerance og stabiliteten af det apparat, hvormed væggene sammenpresses, afgørende for målenøjagtigheden.
Skålen ifølge fig. 13 og 14 består ligeledes af et ela-15 stisk materiale, og den er udformet med et hulrum 20 og en indløbskanal 21 på samme måde som skålen ifølge fig.
11, men den har endvidere et indvendigt afstandsorgan 22, som bestemmer den maksimale sammenpresning af de hulrummet 20 afgrænsende flader, og som endvidere kan tjene 20 som bærer for reagensmidlet. Endelig kan afstandsorga net 22 have en blandefunktion, når det består af et fer-romagnetisk materiale, og blandingen sker i et variabelt magnetfelt.
Hvis den i skålen optagne prøve ikke skal analyseres 25 umiddelbart, eller såfremt analysen kræver lang tid, kan der findes midler til at lukke hulrummets respektive indløbskanalens udadvendende, åbne ende. Et sådant middel kan bestå af en plasthætte, som anbringes over åbningen eller af et materiale med egnet konsistens, 30 hvori skålen neddyppes, og som umiddelbart lukker åbnin gen.
Skålen kan om ønsket nemt forsynes med partier, f.eks. fremspring og fordybninger, til styring af et måleapparat ved den efterfølgende analyse.
8 150804
Den beskrevne prøveskål er anvendelig til analyser af højst forskellig art. Den har imidlertid vist sig særlig fordelagtig til hemoglobinbestemmelse, hvor fejl-marginen kan reduceres til et absolut minimum. Når skålen har et optagelseshulrum, hvori prøven optages ved hjælp af kapillarkraft, og hvorfra prøven ved hjælp af kapillarkraft tilføres et antal hulrum med forskellige reagensmidler og/eller geler, kan der hurtigt udføres et betydeligt antal analyser, navnlig når skålen indføres i et automatisk måleapparatur, som styres ved hjælp af på særlig måde udformede partier på skålen.
Det vil af foranstående fremgå, at man på en yderst enkel måde kan udføre analyser ved hjælp af skålen ifølge opfindelsen, og som hidtil uden undtagelse har været besværlige og tidskrævende at udføre, samt som har krævet stor dygtighed for at undgå fejl.
Claims (4)
1. Prøveskål til prøvetagning, blanding af en prøve med mindst et reagensmiddel og direkte foretagelse af en særskilt optisk analyse af den med reagensmidlet blandede 5 prøve, og bestående af et gennemsigtigt legeme (10) med mindst to planparallelle indre flader, der afgrænser mindst et kapillarrum (11, 13, 14, 23, 26, 16, 18, 20. til optagelse af prøven via et indløb til hulrummet, kendetegnet ved, at den optiske bane er rettet 10 lodret på de planparallelle flader, der er indstillet el ler indstillelige ved ydre kraftpåvirkning i en forudbestemt indbyrdes afstand til nøjagtig bestemmelse af den optiske banes længde og kapillarhulrummets (11, 13, 14, 23, 26, 16, 18, 20) volumen, at indløbet fungerer 15 med kapillarvirkning, og at kapillarhulrummets overflade er belagt med et materiale, som tillige er reagensmiddel, og hvis totale stofmængde står i et forudbestemt forhold til hulrummets volumen.
2. Prøveskål ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, 20 at reagensmidlet har form af et fast materiale, der er afsat på hulrummets vægge ved inddampning, frysetørring, sprøjtning eller rastertryk.
3. Prøveskål ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at reagensmidlet har form af et halvfast materiale, for- 25 trinsvis en gel.
4. Prøveskål ifølge ethvert af foranstående krav, kendetegnet ved, at indløbet er udformet som en kanal (25, 27) hvorfra et eller flere rum (23, 26) er indrettet til at kunne optage prøver ved hjælp af kapillar- 30 kraft.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SE7510863A SE399768B (sv) | 1975-09-29 | 1975-09-29 | Kyvett for provtagning, blandning av, provet med ett reagensmedel och direkt utforande av, serskilt optisk, analys av det med reagensmedlet blandade provet |
SE7510863 | 1975-09-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK435376A DK435376A (da) | 1977-03-30 |
DK150804B true DK150804B (da) | 1987-06-22 |
DK150804C DK150804C (da) | 1988-02-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DK435376A DK150804C (da) | 1975-09-29 | 1976-09-28 | Proeveskaal til proevetagning og optisk analyse |
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JP (2) | JPS5255679A (da) |
AT (1) | AT376300B (da) |
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DE (1) | DE2641097C2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK150804C (da) |
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- 1976-09-13 DE DE2641097A patent/DE2641097C2/de not_active Expired
- 1976-09-14 GB GB38013/76A patent/GB1557984A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-15 AT AT0683876A patent/AT376300B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-16 US US05/724,054 patent/US4088448A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-09-17 CA CA261,466A patent/CA1057078A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-21 BE BE170789A patent/BE846403A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-22 IN IN1750/CAL/76A patent/IN145819B/en unknown
- 1976-09-22 LU LU75854A patent/LU75854A1/xx unknown
- 1976-09-24 FI FI762737A patent/FI59672C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-28 DK DK435376A patent/DK150804C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-28 IT IT27722/76A patent/IT1068124B/it active
- 1976-09-28 NO NO763309A patent/NO145063C/no unknown
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- 1976-09-28 NL NLAANVRAGE7610712,A patent/NL181381C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-28 FR FR7629082A patent/FR2325920A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-09-28 IE IE2145/76A patent/IE43188B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-29 AU AU18229/76A patent/AU497567B2/en not_active Expired
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1984
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