DE69937691D1 - Stabile arzneiformulierungen enthaltend pravastatin or atorvastatin - Google Patents

Stabile arzneiformulierungen enthaltend pravastatin or atorvastatin

Info

Publication number
DE69937691D1
DE69937691D1 DE69937691T DE69937691T DE69937691D1 DE 69937691 D1 DE69937691 D1 DE 69937691D1 DE 69937691 T DE69937691 T DE 69937691T DE 69937691 T DE69937691 T DE 69937691T DE 69937691 D1 DE69937691 D1 DE 69937691D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
atorvastatin
pharmaceutical formulation
pravastatin
hmg
chemical synthesis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE69937691T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69937691T2 (de
Inventor
Janez Kerc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lek Pharmaceuticals dd
Original Assignee
Lek Pharmaceuticals dd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lek Pharmaceuticals dd filed Critical Lek Pharmaceuticals dd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69937691D1 publication Critical patent/DE69937691D1/de
Publication of DE69937691T2 publication Critical patent/DE69937691T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
DE69937691T 1998-12-16 1999-10-29 Stabile arzneiformulierungen enthaltend pravastatin oder atorvastatin Expired - Lifetime DE69937691T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9800309 1998-12-16
SI9800309A SI20109A (sl) 1998-12-16 1998-12-16 Stabilna farmacevtska formulacija
PCT/IB1999/001749 WO2000035425A1 (en) 1998-12-16 1999-10-29 STABLE PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION COMPRISING A HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69937691D1 true DE69937691D1 (de) 2008-01-17
DE69937691T2 DE69937691T2 (de) 2008-11-20

Family

ID=20432372

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69937691T Expired - Lifetime DE69937691T2 (de) 1998-12-16 1999-10-29 Stabile arzneiformulierungen enthaltend pravastatin oder atorvastatin

Country Status (25)

Country Link
US (3) US6680341B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1148872B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002532409A (de)
KR (1) KR100638307B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1198597C (de)
AT (1) ATE380020T1 (de)
AU (1) AU775946B2 (de)
BG (1) BG105559A (de)
CA (1) CA2348988C (de)
CZ (1) CZ302562B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69937691T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2299265T3 (de)
HR (1) HRP20010325A2 (de)
HU (1) HUP0104258A3 (de)
IL (2) IL143759A0 (de)
IS (1) IS5939A (de)
NZ (1) NZ511260A (de)
PL (1) PL347686A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2227019C2 (de)
SI (2) SI20109A (de)
SK (1) SK8092001A3 (de)
TR (1) TR200101235T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2000035425A1 (de)
YU (1) YU35501A (de)
ZA (1) ZA200103802B (de)

Families Citing this family (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8679534B2 (en) * 1997-12-12 2014-03-25 Andrx Labs, Llc HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor extended release formulation
SI20109A (sl) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-30 LEK, tovarna farmacevtskih in kemi�nih izdelkov, d.d. Stabilna farmacevtska formulacija
GB0001621D0 (en) 2000-01-26 2000-03-15 Astrazeneca Ab Pharmaceutical compositions
ES2372682T5 (es) 2000-04-10 2014-10-30 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Composiciones farmacéuticas estables que contienen ácidos 7-sustituidos-3,5-dihidroxiheptanoicos o ácidos 7-sustituidos-3,5-dihidroxiheptenoicos
USRE44578E1 (en) 2000-04-10 2013-11-05 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Stable pharmaceutical compositions containing 7-substituted-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acids or 7-substituted-3,5-dihydroxyheptenoic acids
DE60041281D1 (de) 2000-06-09 2009-02-12 Lek Pharmaceuticals Stabilisiertes arzneimittel und arzneizubereitung
US6806290B2 (en) 2000-06-09 2004-10-19 Lek Pharmaceuticals D.D. Stabilized pharmaceutically effective composition and pharmaceutical formulation comprising the same
ES2215050T3 (es) * 2000-06-09 2004-10-01 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Composicion estabilizada farmaceuticamente eficaz y formulacion farmaceutica que la comprende.
US20050215636A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2005-09-29 Vilmos Keri Pravastatin sodium substantially free of pravastatin lactone and EPI-pravastatin, and compositions containing same
SI20848A (sl) * 2001-03-14 2002-10-31 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih In Kemijskih Izdelkov, D.D. Farmacevtska formulacija, ki vsebuje atorvastatin kalcij
KR20030096294A (ko) * 2001-03-27 2003-12-24 랜박시 래보러터리스 리미티드 프라바스타틴의 안정한 약학적 조성물
GB0111077D0 (en) * 2001-05-04 2001-06-27 Biochemie Gmbh Organic compounds
CA2450001A1 (en) * 2001-06-21 2003-01-03 Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable pharmaceutical compositions containing pravastatin
JP2003055217A (ja) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-26 Taiyo Yakuhin Kogyo Kk 医薬組成物
EP1905431A1 (de) * 2002-01-11 2008-04-02 Circ Pharma Research and Development Limited Pharmazeutische Pravastatin-Formulierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung
US6967218B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2005-11-22 Biovail Laboratories, Inc. Pravastatin pharmaceutical formulations and methods of their use
PL371337A1 (en) * 2002-02-14 2005-06-13 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Formulations of atorvastatin stabilized with alkali metal additions
CA2385529A1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2003-11-21 Bernard Charles Sherman Stable dosage forms comprising atorvastatin calcium
US7229644B2 (en) * 2002-05-23 2007-06-12 Cephalon, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil
SE0202365D0 (sv) * 2002-08-05 2002-08-05 Pharmacia Ab New formulation and use thereof
CA2497896A1 (en) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Biovail Laboratories Inc. Pravastatin pharmaceutical formulations and methods of their use
ATE389396T1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2008-04-15 Pfizer Prod Inc Dosierungsform enthaltend einen cetp-hemmer und einen hmg-coa reduktase hemmer
US20050271717A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2005-12-08 Alfred Berchielli Pharmaceutical compositions of atorvastatin
US8163797B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2012-04-24 Actavis Elizabeth Llc Method of treating with stable pravastatin formulation
WO2005084669A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-15 Lek Pharmaceuticals D.D. Pharmaceutical composition
KR100598326B1 (ko) 2004-04-10 2006-07-10 한미약품 주식회사 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제의 경구투여용 서방형 제제및 이의 제조방법
WO2006008757A2 (en) * 2004-05-05 2006-01-26 Cadila Healthcare Limited Stabilized pharmaceutical compositions of pravastatin
US20090042979A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2009-02-12 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc. Novel Statin Pharmaceutical Compositions and Related Methods of Treatment
SG155189A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2009-09-30 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc Novel fenofibrate formulations and related methods of treatment
NZ552389A (en) * 2004-08-06 2009-05-31 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc Statin pharmaceutical compositions and related methods of treatment
WO2006054308A2 (en) 2004-11-22 2006-05-26 Dexcel Pharma Technologies Ltd. Stable atorvastatin formulations
US20060229277A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-12 Orbus Pharma, Inc. Stabilized pharmaceutical compositions comprising an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
EP1940391A4 (de) * 2005-08-05 2010-01-20 Orbus Pharma Inc Stabilisierte pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen mit verlängerter freisetzung mit einem hmg-coa-reduktase-hemmer
US20090247603A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2009-10-01 Orbus Pharma, Inc. Stabilized pharmaceutical compositions comprising an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
EP1810667A1 (de) 2006-01-20 2007-07-25 KRKA, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto Pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung enthaltend amorphes Atorvastatin
US20080038332A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Cai Gu Huang Stable pharmaceutical formulation comprising atorvastatin calcium
HU227610B1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2011-09-28 Richter Gedeon Nyrt Pharmaceutical compositions containing rosuvastatin potassium
WO2008062476A2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-29 Glenmark Pharmaceutical Limited Pharmaceutical composition comprising rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically accepatble salts thereof
BG934U1 (bg) * 2006-12-14 2007-11-30 "Софарма" Ад Състав за твърда лекарствена форма, съдържащ правастатин
CA2691956A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 Pharmathen S.A. Improved pharmaceutical formulation containing an hmg-coa reductase inhibitor and method for the preparation thereof
GB0713707D0 (en) * 2007-07-13 2007-08-22 Generics Uk Ltd Stable compositions
WO2009024889A2 (en) 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Pharmaceutical composition comprising a hmg-coa reductase inhibitor and ezetimibe
DE102007052071A1 (de) 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Stada Arzneimittel Ag Stabilisiertes Atorvastatin
JPWO2011049122A1 (ja) * 2009-10-21 2013-03-14 第一三共株式会社 プラバスタチンナトリウム口腔内速崩壊錠及びその製造方法
US8372877B2 (en) * 2010-04-16 2013-02-12 Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Stabilized statin formulations
KR101248804B1 (ko) * 2010-05-14 2013-03-29 한미사이언스 주식회사 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제 및 이베살탄을 포함하는 이층정 약제학적 복합제제
US8609138B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2013-12-17 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ω3 fatty acid compound preparation
TR201005326A2 (tr) 2010-06-30 2012-01-23 Bi̇lgi̇ç Mahmut Çoklu dozaj formları.
US8877221B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2014-11-04 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Osteoconductive matrices comprising calcium phosphate particles and statins and methods of using the same
US9107983B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2015-08-18 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Osteoconductive matrices comprising statins
WO2012141160A1 (ja) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-18 沢井製薬株式会社 ピタバスタチン含有製剤及びその製造方法
WO2012153181A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Abdi Ibrahim Ilac Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Pharmaceutical composition comprising pitavastatin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts
US9308190B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2016-04-12 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Methods and compositions to enhance bone growth comprising a statin
WO2013072770A2 (en) 2011-11-15 2013-05-23 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Pharmaceutical formulations comprising atorvastatin and glimepiride
KR20140030505A (ko) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-12 한미약품 주식회사 이베살탄 및 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제를 포함하는 약제학적 캡슐 복합제제
KR101597004B1 (ko) 2013-07-25 2016-02-23 씨제이헬스케어 주식회사 서방형 메트포르민과 속방형 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제를 포함하는 복합제제
EP3184103A1 (de) 2015-12-21 2017-06-28 Hexal AG Pharmazeutische zusammensetzung mit atorvastatin oder einem salz davon
CN109044989A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2018-12-21 河南师范大学 一种阿托伐他汀钙胶囊制剂及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US579837A (en) * 1897-03-30 Saw-sharpening machine
DK149080C (da) * 1980-06-06 1986-07-28 Sankyo Co Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af derivater af ml-236b-carboxylsyre
GB2189699A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-04 Haessle Ab Coated acid-labile medicaments
US5030447A (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-07-09 E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions having good stability
US5180589A (en) * 1988-03-31 1993-01-19 E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Pravastatin pharmaceuatical compositions having good stability
FI94339C (fi) * 1989-07-21 1995-08-25 Warner Lambert Co Menetelmä farmaseuttisesti käyttökelpoisen /R-(R*,R*)/-2-(4-fluorifenyyli)- , -dihydroksi-5-(1-metyylietyyli)-3-fenyyli-4-/(fenyyliamino)karbonyyli/-1H-pyrroli-1-heptaanihapon ja sen farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävien suolojen valmistamiseksi
HU217629B (hu) * 1991-12-12 2000-03-28 Novartis Ag. Eljárás fluvasztatint tartalmazó stabilizált gyógyszerkészítmények előállítására
LT3300B (en) * 1992-12-23 1995-06-26 Schering Corp Combination of a cholesterol biosynhtesis inhibitor and a beta- lactam cholesterol absorbtion inhibitor
CA2150372C (en) 1993-01-19 2002-08-20 Nancy L. Mills Stable oral ci-981 formulation and process of preparing same
US5298627A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-03-29 Warner-Lambert Company Process for trans-6-[2-(substituted-pyrrol-1-yl)alkyl]pyran-2-one inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis
RU2158607C2 (ru) * 1995-07-03 2000-11-10 Санкио Компани Лимитед Лечение артериосклероза и ксантомы
CZ288545B6 (cs) * 1995-12-22 2001-07-11 Kowa Company, Ltd. Stabilizovaná farmaceutická kompozice na bázi kyseliny (E)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[4´-4´´-fluorfenyl-2´-cyklopropylchinolin-3´-yl]-6-heptenové
FR2751316B1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-08-28 Granger Maurice Appareil distributeur de bandes de papier ouate pour essuie-mains, papier toilette et similaire
US6235311B1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2001-05-22 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Pharmaceutical composition containing a combination of a statin and aspirin and method
SI20109A (sl) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-30 LEK, tovarna farmacevtskih in kemi�nih izdelkov, d.d. Stabilna farmacevtska formulacija
ES2215050T3 (es) * 2000-06-09 2004-10-01 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Composicion estabilizada farmaceuticamente eficaz y formulacion farmaceutica que la comprende.
SI21302A (sl) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-30 LEK farmacevtska dru�ba d.d. Stabiliziran farmacevtski izdelek z amorfno aktivno učinkovino
TW589178B (en) * 2003-02-21 2004-06-01 China Chemical & Pharmaceutica A novel industrial process to obtain pravastatin sodium of high purity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HRP20010325A2 (en) 2002-06-30
CZ20011727A3 (cs) 2001-09-12
ES2299265T3 (es) 2008-05-16
CZ302562B6 (cs) 2011-07-13
AU775946B2 (en) 2004-08-19
KR100638307B1 (ko) 2006-10-25
US6680341B1 (en) 2004-01-20
CA2348988C (en) 2009-07-21
US20090264497A1 (en) 2009-10-22
RU2227019C2 (ru) 2004-04-20
ZA200103802B (en) 2002-06-10
PL347686A1 (en) 2002-04-22
HUP0104258A3 (en) 2002-11-28
IL143759A0 (en) 2002-04-21
EP1911445A3 (de) 2011-04-27
CN1198597C (zh) 2005-04-27
SI1148872T1 (sl) 2008-04-30
AU6360899A (en) 2000-07-03
HUP0104258A2 (hu) 2002-03-28
TR200101235T2 (tr) 2001-10-22
EP1148872A1 (de) 2001-10-31
JP2002532409A (ja) 2002-10-02
EP1911445A2 (de) 2008-04-16
CA2348988A1 (en) 2000-06-22
DE69937691T2 (de) 2008-11-20
NZ511260A (en) 2004-01-30
IS5939A (is) 2001-05-15
YU35501A (sh) 2005-07-19
US20040072894A1 (en) 2004-04-15
WO2000035425A1 (en) 2000-06-22
KR20010101105A (ko) 2001-11-14
SK8092001A3 (en) 2001-10-08
CN1330538A (zh) 2002-01-09
IL143759A (en) 2006-08-01
ATE380020T1 (de) 2007-12-15
BG105559A (en) 2001-12-29
EP1148872B1 (de) 2007-12-05
SI20109A (sl) 2000-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69937691D1 (de) Stabile arzneiformulierungen enthaltend pravastatin or atorvastatin
ATE260101T1 (de) Stabilisierte pharmazeutisch wirksame zubereitung und diese enthaltende arzneizusammensetzung
IL187261A0 (en) Crystals of the sodium salt of pravastatin
IS2113B (is) Ný sölt HMG-CoA redúktasatálma
ATE284396T1 (de) Verfahren zur bereitstellung von hochreinen hmg- coa reductase hemmer
WO2000048626A3 (en) Aerosol compositions of hmg-coa reductase inhibitors for inhibiting inflammation associated with pulmonary disease
AU1510800A (en) Process for the preparation of simvastatin and analogs thereof
AU2000250960A1 (en) Stable pharmaceutical product and formulation
NZ535910A (en) Preparation of amorphous HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and hydrates thereof by dissolving a heterogeneous mixture of the enzyme in a hydroxylic solvent and freeze drying
YU88602A (sh) Stabilizovane farmaceutski efektivne smeše i farmaceutske formulacije koje ih sadrže
HRP20080686T3 (en) Method of purifying pravastatin
CO5611117A2 (es) Combinacion de compuestos organicos
TH52206A (th) สารที่รวมเข้าด้วยกันของ สแททิน-คาร์บอกซิแอลคิลอีเธอร์

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8328 Change in the person/name/address of the agent

Representative=s name: KROHER, STROBEL RECHTS- UND PATENTANWAELTE, 80336

8328 Change in the person/name/address of the agent

Representative=s name: DR. SCHOEN & PARTNER, 80336 MUENCHEN