DE602004008134T2 - Dispersionsgehärtete ausscheidungshärtbare Nickel-Eisen-Chromlegierung und zugehöriges Verfahren - Google Patents
Dispersionsgehärtete ausscheidungshärtbare Nickel-Eisen-Chromlegierung und zugehöriges Verfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE602004008134T2 DE602004008134T2 DE602004008134T DE602004008134T DE602004008134T2 DE 602004008134 T2 DE602004008134 T2 DE 602004008134T2 DE 602004008134 T DE602004008134 T DE 602004008134T DE 602004008134 T DE602004008134 T DE 602004008134T DE 602004008134 T2 DE602004008134 T2 DE 602004008134T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- iron
- nickel
- chromium
- titanium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US249480 | 2003-04-14 | ||
| US10/249,480 US7118636B2 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2003-04-14 | Precipitation-strengthened nickel-iron-chromium alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE602004008134D1 DE602004008134D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
| DE602004008134T2 true DE602004008134T2 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
Family
ID=32907510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE602004008134T Expired - Lifetime DE602004008134T2 (de) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-04-08 | Dispersionsgehärtete ausscheidungshärtbare Nickel-Eisen-Chromlegierung und zugehöriges Verfahren |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7118636B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1469095B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5047456B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100917482B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN100410404C (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE370259T1 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE602004008134T2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE527319C2 (sv) * | 2003-10-02 | 2006-02-07 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Legering för högtemperaturanvändning |
| CN100500881C (zh) * | 2007-03-05 | 2009-06-17 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Gh4169合金近等温锻造用细晶环坯的制坯方法 |
| US20080264444A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for removing carbide-based coatings |
| US8430075B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2013-04-30 | L.E. Jones Company | Superaustenitic stainless steel and method of making and use thereof |
| US8479700B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2013-07-09 | L. E. Jones Company | Iron-chromium alloy with improved compressive yield strength and method of making and use thereof |
| US20130126056A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | General Electric Company | Cast nickel-iron-base alloy component and process of forming a cast nickel-iron-base alloy component |
| US9540714B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | High strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9683280B2 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9683279B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9605565B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2017-03-28 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Low-cost Fe—Ni—Cr alloys for high temperature valve applications |
| CN106939396B (zh) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-07-17 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | 一种获得镍铁铬基变形高温合金弯曲锯齿晶界的热处理工艺 |
| CN108977718A (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-11 | 江苏永达电源股份有限公司 | 一种抗蠕变性能提升的合金 |
| EP4509619A4 (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2026-03-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | ALLOY MATERIAL |
| DE102022110384A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Vdm Metals International Gmbh | Verwendung einer Nickel-Eisen-Chrom-Legierung mit hoher Beständigkeit in hoch korrosiven Umgebungen und gleichzeitig guter Verarbeitbarkeit und Festigkeit |
| DE102022110383A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Vdm Metals International Gmbh | Verwendung einer Nickel-Eisen-Chrom-Legierung mit hoher Beständigkeit in aufkohlenden und sulfidierenden und chlorierenden Umgebungen und gleichzeitig guter Verarbeitbarkeit und Festigkeit |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3042365A (en) * | 1957-11-08 | 1962-07-03 | Gen Motors Corp | Blade shrouding |
| US3015558A (en) * | 1959-09-16 | 1962-01-02 | Grant | Nickel-chromium-aluminum heat resisting alloy |
| JPS57164972A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Austenite steel with high strength at high temperature |
| JPS5923855A (ja) * | 1982-07-28 | 1984-02-07 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 炭化物形成元素を含有する高温高強度鋼 |
| JPS59136464A (ja) * | 1983-01-26 | 1984-08-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ボイラチユ−ブ |
| JP2510206B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-03 | 1996-06-26 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Ｓｉ含有量の少ない高強度オ−ステナイト系耐熱鋼 |
| US4981647A (en) | 1988-02-10 | 1991-01-01 | Haynes International, Inc. | Nitrogen strengthened FE-NI-CR alloy |
| US4853185A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-01 | Haynes International, Imc. | Nitrogen strengthened Fe-Ni-Cr alloy |
| JPH072981B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-05 | 1995-01-18 | 株式会社クボタ | 耐熱合金 |
| JP2863583B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1999-03-03 | 株式会社東芝 | Ｃｒ―Ｎｉ系耐熱鋼 |
| US5077006A (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1991-12-31 | Carondelet Foundry Company | Heat resistant alloys |
| US5378427A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1995-01-03 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant alloy heat transfer tubes for heat-recovery boilers |
| DE4130140C1 (https=) | 1991-09-11 | 1992-11-19 | Krupp-Vdm Ag, 5980 Werdohl, De | |
| US5328499A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-07-12 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Mechanically alloyed nickel-base composition having improved hot formability characteristics |
| DE4342188C2 (de) | 1993-12-10 | 1998-06-04 | Bayer Ag | Austenitische Legierungen und deren Verwendung |
| JPH07216511A (ja) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-15 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高温強度に優れた高クロムオーステナイト耐熱合金 |
| US5753177A (en) | 1994-03-10 | 1998-05-19 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan | High-Ni austenitic stainless steel having excellent high-temperature strength |
| CN1031003C (zh) * | 1994-03-23 | 1996-02-14 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | 奥氏体耐热钢 |
| EP0838533B1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2002-02-13 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat resisting alloy for exhaust valve and method for producing the exhaust valve |
| US6261388B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2001-07-17 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold forging steel having improved resistance to grain coarsening and delayed fracture and process for producing same |
| AU4100299A (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-13 | U.S. Department of Commerce and National Institute of Standa rds and Technology | High nitrogen stainless steel |
| SE516137C2 (sv) | 1999-02-16 | 2001-11-19 | Sandvik Ab | Värmebeständigt austenitiskt stål |
| JP3533119B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-02 | 2004-05-31 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 液相拡散接合用鋼材とその接合方法 |
| JP3689009B2 (ja) | 2001-02-27 | 2005-08-31 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 高耐食性高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼とその製法 |
| JP3952861B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-19 | 2007-08-01 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 耐メタルダスティング性を有する金属材料 |
-
2003
- 2003-04-14 US US10/249,480 patent/US7118636B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 AT AT04252133T patent/ATE370259T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-08 EP EP04252133A patent/EP1469095B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-08 DE DE602004008134T patent/DE602004008134T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-13 JP JP2004117502A patent/JP5047456B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-14 CN CNB2004100343690A patent/CN100410404C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-14 KR KR1020040025756A patent/KR100917482B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-02-28 US US11/276,409 patent/US7507306B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE602004008134D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
| CN1540015A (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
| JP5047456B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN100410404C (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
| US20070044872A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
| ATE370259T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
| KR100917482B1 (ko) | 2009-09-16 |
| US7118636B2 (en) | 2006-10-10 |
| US20040202569A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| JP2004315973A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
| US7507306B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 |
| EP1469095B1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
| KR20040089592A (ko) | 2004-10-21 |
| EP1469095A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
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