DE60020292T2 - Verfahren zur Sulfidierung eines organischen Stickstoff und Carbonyl enthaltenden Hydrobehandlungskatalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Sulfidierung eines organischen Stickstoff und Carbonyl enthaltenden Hydrobehandlungskatalysators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE60020292T2 DE60020292T2 DE60020292T DE60020292T DE60020292T2 DE 60020292 T2 DE60020292 T2 DE 60020292T2 DE 60020292 T DE60020292 T DE 60020292T DE 60020292 T DE60020292 T DE 60020292T DE 60020292 T2 DE60020292 T2 DE 60020292T2
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- organic compound
- catalyst
- hydrotreating
- hydrogenation metal
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 title 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 VIB metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0254—Nitrogen containing compounds on mineral substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/20—Sulfiding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/60—Complexes comprising metals of Group VI (VIA or VIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/64—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/847—Nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
- Y10S502/51—Also containing hydroxyl bonded to carbon, e.g. carboxylic acid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
- Y10S502/511—Two or more nitrogen atoms bonded to different carbon atoms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12825699P | 1999-04-08 | 1999-04-08 | |
| EP99201051 | 1999-04-08 | ||
| US128256P | 1999-04-08 | ||
| EP99201051 | 1999-04-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE60020292D1 DE60020292D1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
| DE60020292T2 true DE60020292T2 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
Family
ID=26153293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE60020292T Expired - Lifetime DE60020292T2 (de) | 1999-04-08 | 2000-03-23 | Verfahren zur Sulfidierung eines organischen Stickstoff und Carbonyl enthaltenden Hydrobehandlungskatalysators |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6540908B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1043069B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4187383B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100653505B1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE296163T1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60020292T2 (enExample) |
| SG (1) | SG83201A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (64)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6923904B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2005-08-02 | Akso Nobel N.V. | Process for effecting ultra-deep HDS of hydrocarbon feedstocks |
| WO2001002091A1 (en) | 1999-07-05 | 2001-01-11 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for regenerating additive containing catalysts |
| US6872678B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2005-03-29 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for activating a catalyst containing an S-containing additive |
| JP5113972B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-12 | 2013-01-09 | アルベマーレ ネザーランズ ビー．ブイ． | 可燃性バインダーを含む混合金属触媒の調製方法、使用方法および再使用方法 |
| FR2841798B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-03-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'hydrotraitement contenant un compose organique azote et son utilisation |
| JP2004344754A (ja) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 炭化水素の水素化処理触媒組成物の製造方法 |
| JP2005000873A (ja) * | 2003-06-13 | 2005-01-06 | Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd | 炭化水素の水素化処理触媒組成物の製造方法 |
| JP4370124B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-11-25 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 水素化処理触媒組成物 |
| JP4907344B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2012-03-28 | トータル・ラフィナージュ・マーケティング | 炭化水素の水素化処理および／または水素化分解のための触媒およびその調製 |
| WO2005070542A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A method of restoring catalytic activity of a spent hydrotreating catalyst, the resulting restored catalyst, and a method of hydroprocessing |
| US7696120B2 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2010-04-13 | Shell Oil Company | Method of restoring catalytic activity to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst, a spent hydroprocessing catalyst having restored catalytic activity, and a hydroprocessing process |
| JP4444690B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-26 | 2010-03-31 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | 水素化処理触媒前駆体およびその製造方法並びに精製炭化水素油の製造方法 |
| JP4472556B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2010-06-02 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒及びその製造方法並びに炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 |
| KR101354740B1 (ko) | 2004-04-28 | 2014-01-22 | 헤드워터스 헤비 오일, 엘엘씨 | 에뷸레이트 베드 하이드로프로세싱 방법 및 시스템 및기존의 에뷸레이트 베드 시스템을 개량하는 방법 |
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| CN101088616B (zh) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢催化剂应用前的处理方法 |
| CN101088617B (zh) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢催化剂组合物的制备方法 |
| JP5086344B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-21 | 2012-11-28 | 中國石油化工股▲フン▼有限公司 | 水素化触媒組成物ならびにその調製方法およびその使用 |
| JP5228221B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2013-07-03 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒の製造方法 |
| US8034232B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2011-10-11 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Methods for increasing catalyst concentration in heavy oil and/or coal resid hydrocracker |
| US8142645B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2012-03-27 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Process for increasing the mono-aromatic content of polynuclear-aromatic-containing feedstocks |
| US7951745B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2011-05-31 | Wilmington Trust Fsb | Catalyst for hydrocracking hydrocarbons containing polynuclear aromatic compounds |
| US8097149B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2012-01-17 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Catalyst and method for hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbons |
| US8262905B2 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-09-11 | Shell Oil Company | Oil and polar additive impregnated composition useful in the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a method of making such catalyst, and a process of using such catalyst |
| ES2559006T3 (es) | 2009-04-21 | 2016-02-10 | Albemarle Europe Sprl. | Catalizador de hidrotratamiento que contiene fósforo y boro |
| BR112012003994A8 (pt) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-08-06 | Albemarle Europe Sprl | processo para formar uma solução, solução formada pelo dito processo, processo para formar um catalisador, composição catalítica, e, método para hidrotratamento, hidrodesnitrogenação e/ou hidrodessulfurização |
| US9132421B2 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2015-09-15 | Shell Oil Company | Composition useful in the hydroprocessing of a hydrocarbon feedstock |
| CN102029158B (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-08-22 | 北京化工大学 | 一种硫化型加氢催化剂材料及其制备方法 |
| KR101816318B1 (ko) | 2010-12-09 | 2018-01-12 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 수소 처리 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN102188976A (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-09-21 | 北京化工大学 | 一种镍系催化剂在裂解汽油选择性加氢中的工艺应用 |
| WO2013003328A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | An ether amine additive impregnated composition useful in the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a method of making such composition |
| WO2013003321A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | A composition having an active metal or precursor, an amine component and a non- amine containing polar additive useful in the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a method of making such composition |
| US9790440B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2017-10-17 | Headwaters Technology Innovation Group, Inc. | Methods for increasing catalyst concentration in heavy oil and/or coal resid hydrocracker |
| US9403153B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-08-02 | Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc | Highly stable hydrocarbon-soluble molybdenum catalyst precursors and methods for making same |
| US9644157B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2017-05-09 | Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc | Methods and systems for upgrading heavy oil using catalytic hydrocracking and thermal coking |
| US9404053B2 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2016-08-02 | Shell Oil Company | Low-pressure process utilizing a stacked-bed system of specific catalysts for the hydrotreating of a gas oil feedstock |
| US9546327B2 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2017-01-17 | Shell Oil Company | Process for upgrading a high endpoint gas oil containing high concentrations of thiophenes and nitrogen and providing for a reduced hydrogen consumption rate |
| BR112015029993B1 (pt) | 2013-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Composição catalítica de hidroprocessamento contendo um composto polar heterocíclico, método para fabricação da dita composição e processo para hidrotratamento de uma matéria-prima de hidrocarboneto |
| CN107073459A (zh) | 2014-10-22 | 2017-08-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 含有乙酰乙酸化合物的加氢处理催化剂组合物、制备这种催化剂的方法和使用这种催化剂的方法 |
| FR3035600B1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-04-21 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a base d'acide y-cetovalerique et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
| FR3035601B1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-04-21 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a base de y-valerolactone et/ou de ses produits d’hydrolyse et son utilisation dans un procede d’hydrotraitement et/ou d’hydrocraquage |
| WO2017015487A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Basf Corporation | High geometric surface area catalysts for vinyl acetate monomer production |
| US11414608B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2022-08-16 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Upgraded ebullated bed reactor used with opportunity feedstocks |
| US11414607B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2022-08-16 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Upgraded ebullated bed reactor with increased production rate of converted products |
| CN106669855B (zh) * | 2015-11-11 | 2019-03-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一次成型的硫化型加氢催化剂的制备方法 |
| FR3049475B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-04-06 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur a base de catecholamine et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
| US11421164B2 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2022-08-23 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Dual catalyst system for ebullated bed upgrading to produce improved quality vacuum residue product |
| FR3054554B1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 | 2018-07-27 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur a base de 2-acetylbutyrolactone et/ou de ses produits d'hydrolyse et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
| FR3035008B1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 | 2021-08-27 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a base d'un compose organique et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
| FR3056597A1 (fr) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'hydrotraitement utilisant un catalyseur a base d'un metal du groupe viiib et un metal du groupe vib prepare en milieu fluide supercritique |
| US11118119B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2021-09-14 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Upgraded ebullated bed reactor with less fouling sediment |
| US11732203B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2023-08-22 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Ebullated bed reactor upgraded to produce sediment that causes less equipment fouling |
| FR3065888B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2020-05-29 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'addition indirecte d'un compose organique a un solide poreux. |
| FR3065887B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2020-05-15 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'addition d'un compose organique a un solide poreux en phase gazeuse |
| MX391962B (es) * | 2017-10-12 | 2025-03-21 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Procedimiento de preparacion de un catalizador trimetalico soportado para la produccion de diesel de ultrabajo azufre y su aplicacion. |
| FR3073753B1 (fr) | 2017-11-22 | 2022-03-11 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a base d'un compose furanique et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
| FR3074496B1 (fr) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-13 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Hydrotraitement de charges hydrocarbonees avec un catalyseur comprenant un materiau aluminique comprenant du carbone |
| CN110038620B (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 制备加氢裂化催化剂的方法 |
| CN110038621B (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢裂化催化剂的生产方法 |
| CA3057131C (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2024-04-23 | Hydrocarbon Technology And Innovation, Llc | Upgraded ebullated bed reactor with no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in vacuum bottoms |
| US12497569B2 (en) | 2022-05-26 | 2025-12-16 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Method and system for mixing catalyst precursor into heavy oil using a high boiling hydrocarbon diluent |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS526711B1 (enExample) * | 1971-02-01 | 1977-02-24 | ||
| US4012340A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1977-03-15 | Chiyoda Kako Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing catalysts for hydrodesulfurization |
| US4148750A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1979-04-10 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Redispersion of noble metals on supported catalysts |
| US4530911A (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1985-07-23 | Shell Oil Company | Hydrodenitrification catalyst |
| CA1261815A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1989-09-26 | Mark S. Thompson | Preparation of high activity silica-supported hydrotreating catalysts and catalysts thus prepared |
| JP2575168B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-08 | 1997-01-22 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 炭化水素の水素化処理用触媒及びその製造方法 |
| FR2642670B1 (fr) | 1989-02-07 | 1991-05-24 | Eurecat Europ Retrait Catalys | Procede de reduction d'un catalyseur de raffinage avant sa mise en oeuvr |
| JP3244693B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-17 | 2002-01-07 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理用触媒の製造方法 |
| JP3244692B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-17 | 2002-01-07 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理用触媒の製造方法 |
| JP2900771B2 (ja) | 1992-11-18 | 1999-06-02 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒の製造方法 |
| US5565091A (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1996-10-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Catalyst composition manufacturing method and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon hydrodesulfurization method using the same catalyst composition |
| CA2170625A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Pradeep S. Iyer | Hydroprocessing catalyst and its use |
| FR2719780B1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 | 1996-07-12 | Salomon Sa | Dispositif pour ski de fond et ski équipé d'un tel dispositif. |
| ATE299396T1 (de) * | 1994-05-13 | 2005-07-15 | Shell Oil Co | Verfahren zur verbesserung der aktivität von katalysatoren |
| US5525211A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-06-11 | Texaco Inc. | Selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha using selectively poisoned hydroprocessing catalyst |
| JP3802106B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-08 | 2006-07-26 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒とその製造方法およびその活性化方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-03-23 AT AT00201039T patent/ATE296163T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-23 DE DE60020292T patent/DE60020292T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-23 EP EP00201039A patent/EP1043069B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-30 SG SG200001772A patent/SG83201A1/en unknown
- 2000-03-31 US US09/540,402 patent/US6540908B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-06 KR KR1020000017830A patent/KR100653505B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-10 JP JP2000108575A patent/JP4187383B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE296163T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| KR20010014690A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
| SG83201A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 |
| KR100653505B1 (ko) | 2006-12-04 |
| EP1043069A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
| JP4187383B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
| US6540908B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
| JP2000325797A (ja) | 2000-11-28 |
| DE60020292D1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
| EP1043069B1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
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