DE3435181A1 - Verfahren zur verfestigung von porzellan-zaehnen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur verfestigung von porzellan-zaehnenInfo
- Publication number
- DE3435181A1 DE3435181A1 DE19843435181 DE3435181A DE3435181A1 DE 3435181 A1 DE3435181 A1 DE 3435181A1 DE 19843435181 DE19843435181 DE 19843435181 DE 3435181 A DE3435181 A DE 3435181A DE 3435181 A1 DE3435181 A1 DE 3435181A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- porcelain
- tooth
- dental
- dipl
- porcelain tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002670 dental porcelain Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium sulfate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 cesium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000008312 Tooth Loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005548 dental material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000344 rubidium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GANPIEKBSASAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium(1+);sulfate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GANPIEKBSASAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/19—Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5007—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with salts or salty compositions, e.g. for salt glazing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59011035A JPS60156446A (ja) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-01-26 | 陶歯の強化方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3435181A1 true DE3435181A1 (de) | 1985-08-01 |
| DE3435181C2 DE3435181C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1991-01-03 |
Family
ID=11766805
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19843435181 Granted DE3435181A1 (de) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-09-25 | Verfahren zur verfestigung von porzellan-zaehnen |
Country Status (5)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904522A1 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Espe Dental Ag | Einfärbung von Keramiken mittels ionischer oder komplexhaltiger Lösungen |
| US10065895B2 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2018-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Colouring solution for dental ceramic articles and related methods |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5705273A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1998-01-06 | The Ohio State University | Method for strengthening dental restorative materials |
| JP2001019539A (ja) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-23 | Advance Co Ltd | 加工用ブロック |
| DE10261717A1 (de) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-15 | Meyer, Gerhard, Prof. Dr. | Mit nanoskaligem Metalloxid-Pulver dotierte Leucit-Glaskeramik |
| DE60302225T2 (de) * | 2003-06-13 | 2006-08-10 | 3M Espe Ag | Gleichmässig gefärbte Gerüstkeramik sowie Färbelösung |
| EP1961719A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Colouring solution for dental ceramic framework and related methods |
| DE102007042881A1 (de) * | 2007-09-08 | 2009-04-23 | Calsitherm Verwaltungs Gmbh | Alkaliresistente keramische Erzeugnisse und Schutzschichten und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| RU2363463C1 (ru) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-08-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-производственный центр "Фармзащита" Федерального медико-биологического агентства | Лекарственное средство |
| EP2500009A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dental ceramic article, process of production and use thereof |
| EP2968076B1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2016-11-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescence imparting coloring solution for dental ceramics |
| DE102015108171A1 (de) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Degudent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit von aus Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramik bestehendem Formkörper |
| DE102015108178A1 (de) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Degudent Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer dentalen Struktur sowie dentale Struktur |
| DE102015108173A1 (de) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Degudent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit von aus Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramik bestehendem Formkörper |
| CN106083007B (zh) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-08-29 | 中山市邦特生物科技有限公司 | 金属烤瓷牙遮色瓷素瓷粉及其制备方法 |
| EP4335430A1 (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-13 | Fuzhou Rick Brown Biomaterials Co., Ltd. | Glass-ceramic dental prosthesis and method for preparing the same, method for reinforcing glass or glass-ceramics, and alkaline reinforcing paste |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2603860A1 (de) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-08-05 | Johnson & Johnson | Dentalkonstruktionen und dentallegierungen |
| DE3015529A1 (de) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-06 | Paul Peter | Verfahren zum verbessern der mechanischen festigkeit von zahnporzellan |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1255942A (en) * | 1968-02-20 | 1971-12-01 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in or relating to the production of porcelain articles |
| US4120729A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1978-10-17 | Johnson & Johnson | Novel low temperature maturing dental glaze |
| JPS6019723B2 (ja) * | 1978-01-27 | 1985-05-17 | 而至歯科工業株式会社 | 歯科用組成物 |
| US4362510A (en) * | 1981-12-10 | 1982-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Cementitious dental compositions which do not inhibit polymerization |
-
1984
- 1984-01-26 JP JP59011035A patent/JPS60156446A/ja active Granted
- 1984-09-14 US US06/650,543 patent/US4546006A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-09-25 DE DE19843435181 patent/DE3435181A1/de active Granted
- 1984-09-26 GB GB08424260A patent/GB2153812B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-27 CH CH4622/84A patent/CH660845A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2603860A1 (de) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-08-05 | Johnson & Johnson | Dentalkonstruktionen und dentallegierungen |
| DE3015529A1 (de) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-06 | Paul Peter | Verfahren zum verbessern der mechanischen festigkeit von zahnporzellan |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DE-Buch "lexikon der zahntechnik", 4.Auflage, Verlag Neuer Merkur GmbH, S.159 u.160 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904522A1 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Espe Dental Ag | Einfärbung von Keramiken mittels ionischer oder komplexhaltiger Lösungen |
| US6709694B1 (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2004-03-23 | 3M Espe Ag | Coloring ceramics by way of ionic or complex-containing solutions |
| DE19904522B4 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2008-11-13 | 3M Espe Ag | Einfärbung von keramischem Zahnersatz mittels ionischer oder komplexhaltiger Lösungen |
| DE19904522C5 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2013-11-14 | 3M Deutschland Gmbh | Einfärbung von keramischem Zahnersatz mittels ionischer oder komplexhaltiger Lösungen |
| US10065895B2 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2018-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Colouring solution for dental ceramic articles and related methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4546006A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
| JPS60156446A (ja) | 1985-08-16 |
| GB8424260D0 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| DE3435181C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1991-01-03 |
| GB2153812A (en) | 1985-08-29 |
| CH660845A5 (fr) | 1987-05-29 |
| JPH025083B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1990-01-31 |
| GB2153812B (en) | 1988-01-06 |
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