DE2608998B2 - Farb-Bildabtastanordnung - Google Patents
Farb-BildabtastanordnungInfo
- Publication number
- DE2608998B2 DE2608998B2 DE2608998A DE2608998A DE2608998B2 DE 2608998 B2 DE2608998 B2 DE 2608998B2 DE 2608998 A DE2608998 A DE 2608998A DE 2608998 A DE2608998 A DE 2608998A DE 2608998 B2 DE2608998 B2 DE 2608998B2
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- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
- H01L27/14621—Colour filter arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/133—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements including elements passing panchromatic light, e.g. filters passing white light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
- Facsimile Heads (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Farb-Bildabtastanordnung
mit einer Bildsensoranordnung, die Sensorelemente einer ersten Art, einer zweiten Art und einer dritten Art
aufweist, die auf Strahlung in einem ersten Spektralbereich bzw. einem zweiten Spektralbereich bzw. einem
dritten Spektralbereich empfindlich sind, bei der die drei Arten von Sensorelementen in sich wiederholendem
Muster über die Fläche der Sensoranordnung verteilt sind, und bei der die Sensorelemente der ersten Art in
größerer Anzahl vorhanden sind als die Sensorelemente sowohl der zweiten als auch der dritten Art.
Farbbildsensoranordnung verschiedener Art wurden bereits vorgeschlagen und in Videokameras zur
Anwendung gebracht. Um eine komplizierte Optik zu vermeiden sowie Problemen der Bilddeckung aus dem
Wege zu gehen, ist es äußerst wünschenswert, daß die Farb-Bildabtastung an einem einzigen Abbildungsort
stattfindet, beispielsweise auf einer einzigen, ebenen photosensitiven Anordnung. Bei einer solchen »an
einem einzigen Ort« stattfindenden Farbbildabtastung ergeben sich jedoch Schwierigkeiten aufgrund der
Tatsache, daß zumindest drei verschiedene Arten von Farbinformationen gewonnen werden müssen, um ein
Farbbild in der Form eines Videosignals dazustehen.
Bei einer bekannten Lösung, bei der die Farbbildabtastung »an einem einzigen Ort« stattfindet, verwendet
man F:irbfilterstreifen, die eine einzige Bildsensoreinrichtung überdecken. Solche Filterstreifen, die Lichtstrahlung
in drei oder mehr Spektralbändcrn in sich wiederholender Folge durchlassen, sind hierbei
üblicherweise vertikal angeordnet, und das Abtasten des Bildes erfolgt horizontal. Längs der Filterstreifen sind
daher einzelne Abtastflächen vorgesehen. Bei dieser bekannten Anordnung erfolgt, wie ersichtlich ist. die
Abtastung für eine gegebene Farbe in horizontaler und in vertikaler Richtung nicht gleichmäßig. Eine solche
Anordnung ist in der US-Patentschrift 28 92 883 gezeigt. Es ist auch bekannt, daß das menschliche Auge ein
größeres Auflösungsvermögen für die Farbe grün besitzt als für die Farben rot oder blau. Auch dieser
Tatsache, die da/u zwingt. Bildabtastanordnungen so auszulegen, daß die grünempfindlichen Sensorelemente
in größerer Anzahl vorhanden sind als die Sensorelemente sowohl für rot als auch für blau, kann bei den
bekannten Bildabtaslanordnungen nicht ausreichend Rechnung getragen werden, weil bei den bekannten
Anordnungen der Wechsel der Farbe, für die das Auge das größte Auflösungsvermögen besitzt, mit den
übrigen Farben nur in der horizontalen Richtung in der erwünschten Weise stattfindet. Dies ergibt sich dadurch,
daß die vertikalen Filterstreifen (siehe die erwähnte US-Patentschrift 28 92 88 5) /war einen Wechsel in der
horizontalen Richtung ergeben, jedoch keinen entsprechenden Wechsel in der vertikalen Richtung.
Bei einem nicht zum Stande der Technik gehörenden älteren Vorschlag (vergl. DE-PS 25 04 61 7) sind anstelle
der vorstehend erwähnten Filterstreifen bei einem Bildsensor selektiv farbempfindliche Photoelemente
vorgesehen. Diese Phoioelementc sind so angeordnet,
daß die für jeweils eine Farbe empfindlichen Elemente in vertikalen Reihen oder in horizontalen /eilen
verlaufen. Es ergibt sich demnach genau die gleiche Wirkung wie bei der Verwendung vertikaler 1 ilterstreifen
(US-PS 28 92 883) oder bei einer Verwendung horizontaler Fiilerstreifen. d. h. es muß in beiden Fällen
in Kauf genommen werden, daß beim Abtastvorgang tier Farbwcehsel in gewünschter Weise nur in l ner
Richtung stattfinden kann, jedoch kein entsprechender
Wechsel in der dazu senkrechten Richtung stattfindet.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine
Farb-Bildabtastanordnung der fraglichen Art zu schaffen,
bei der, obgleich der Abtastvorgang in allen Richtungen gleichförmig erfolgt, dem Erfordernis ohne
Einschränkung Rechnung getragen werden kann, daß die Sensorelemente einer Art in größerer Anzahl
vorhanden sind als die Sensorelemente der anderen Art.
Bei einer Farb-Bildabtastanordnung der eingangs
genannten Art ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß von den in horizontaler und
vertikaler Richtung auf der Fläche der Sensoranordnung aufeinanderfolgenden Sensorelementen jedes
zweite ein solches der ersten Art ist. Dadurch, daß jedes
zweite Sensorelement ein Element der ersten Art ist, wird die gewünschte Dominanz einer Art von
.Sensorelementen bei einem Muster erreicht, das den besonderen Vorteil besitzt, daß es in zwei zueinander
orthogonalen Richtungen, nämlich in der horizontalen und in der vertikalen Richtung, gleichförmig ist. Den in
dominierender Anzahl vorhandenen Sensorelementen laßt sich die Funktion der Gewinnung des luminanzkennzeichnenden
Signals zuordnen. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammenstellung der Sensorelemente (luminanzempfindlieher
sowie erster und zweiter chrominanzempfindlieher Elemente), bei der die luminanzempfindlichen
Elemente an jeder zweiten Stelle erscheinen und die ersten und zweiten chrominanzempfindlichen
Elemente sich mit den luminanzempfindlichen Elementen in aufeinanderfolgenden Reihen jeweils
abwechseln, erfolgt die Abtastung (bei der gewünschten dominierenden l.uminan/cmpfindlichkcit) für alle drei
Farbvektoren in orthogonalen Richtungen gleichförr-.ig.
Bestimmte, besonders günstige Einzelheiten, die sich hierbei in bezug auf die Abtastung noch ergeben,
werden unten bei der speziell auf die Ausführungsbeispielc
gerichteten Beschreibung noch eingehender erläutert.
Bei einem bevorzugten Auslührungsbeispiel ist die
Bildsensoranordnung in Form einer Festkörper-Anordnung mit einer Spektraleinpfindlichkeit einer großen
Bandbreite ausgebildet, die mit einem Filter-Mosaik bedeckt ist. Die Filter des Mosaik sind einzeln auf je ein
Sensorclemenl der Sensoranordnung ausgerichtet und weisen eine selektive Lichtdurchlässigkeit solcher Art
auf. daß das oben erwähnte zusammengesetzte Sensormuster
gebildet wird. Filter, die in dem grünen Spektralbercich selektiv durchlässig sind, werden
vorzugsweise dazu benutzt, um die luminanzempfindlichen Sensorelemente zu bilden. Filter, die in dem roten
und dem blauen Spektralbercich durchlässig ;.ind, bilden
die ersten bzw. die zweiten chrominanzkennzeichnenden Sensorelemente. Wenn hier der Ausdruck »l.uminanz«
verwendet wird, so soll dieser Ausdruck in weitesten Sinne den Farbvektor bezeichnen, der am
stärksten zur Gewinnung der Luminanzim'ormation
beiträgt. Der Ausdruck »Chrominanz« bezieh, sich a.if
die übrigen, nicht die Luminanz kennzeichnenden Farbvektoren als Basis für die Definition eines Bildes.
Bei einem wichtigen abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sind drei ineinandergefügte Muster
(ein grün-, ein rot- und ein blauempfindliches Sensormuster) so angeordnet, daß die grünempfindlichen
Elemente, die zur Ermittlung der Luminanz dienen, an leder zweiten Stelle des Musters vorgesehen sind. Die
hkiuempfindlichen Sensorelemente sind in jeder zweiten
Reihe des Musters jeweils an jeder \ierten Siele ι
angeordnet. An den jeweils verbleibenden Stellen sind
roiempfindliche Sensorelemente vorgesehen. So wird eine überwiegend luminanzcmpfindliche Abtastanordnung gebildet, bei der von den chrominanzempfindlichen
Sensorelementen die rotempfindlichen relativ zu den blauempfindlichen überwiegen. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel
sind die Abtasifrequenzen für die Farbvektoren aller drei Grundfarben an die Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit
des menschlichen Sehsystems angepaßt. Das heißt, blaue Bildeinzelheiten, die für das menschliche
Auge das geringste Auflösungsvermögen besitzen, werden mit kleinster Frequenz abgetastet, wohingegen
grüne Bildeinzelheiten, für die das menschliche Sehsystem am empfindlichsten ist, mit größter Frequenz
abgetastet werden.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigt
Fig. IA eine auseinandergezogen und schematisiert
gezeichnete perspektivische Ansicht eines bevorzugten Beispiels der Anordnung von Sensorelementen;
Fig. IB eine Vorderansicht der in Fig. 1A gezeigten
Anordnung;
F i g. 2A und 2B Muster der Lageanordnung von Sensorelementen gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele
der Erfindung;
F i g. 3A eine abgebrochen und geschnitten gezeichnete Ansicht einer Reihe von Sensorelementen gemäß
einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
F i g. 3B eine der F i g. 3A ähnliche Darstellung einer benachbarten Reihe von Sensorelementen;
F i g. 4 eine teils perspektivisch und schematisiert gezeichnete Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels
der Erfindung in Form eines Kamerasystems;
F i g. 5 eine schematisiert gezeichnete Blockdarstellung einer signalverarbeitenden Schaltung für die
Verwendung bei einer Sensoranordnung gemäß der Erfindung und
F i g. 6 eine der Fig. IB ähnliche Darstellung eines
anderen Ausführungsbeispicles der Anordnung der Sensorelemente.
In den Fig. IA und IB ist ein Sensorsatz aus drei
ineinandergefügten Mustern 2, 4 und 6 von Sensoren dargestellt, die eine Bildabtastanordnung 8 bilden, bei
der jedes der Muster 2, 4 und 6 einem eigens zugehörigen Farbvektor zugeordnet ist. Das Muster 2
(das nachfolgend das Luminanzmuster genannt wird, im Unterschied zu den Mustern 4 und 6 die nachfolgend als
Chrominanzmusier bezeichnet werden) weist die größte
Elcmcntcnunzahl auf und besteht aus luminanzempfindlichcn
Sensorelcmenten (die mit Ybezeichnet sind), die
an jeder zweiten Elcmentenstelle erscheinen, d. h. bei waagerechtem oder senkrechtem Fortschreiten an
jeder übernächsten Stelle angeordnet sind. Wie ersichtlich ist, kommen bei einem solchen Muster
I.uminanz-Sensorelemenie (und daher Luminanz-Abtastungen)
bei der Hälfte der Elementenstellen der Bildabtastanordnung vor, und zwar in gleichförmiger
Verteilung über die gesamte Anordnung. Die ersten und zweiten Chrominanzmuster 4 bzw. 6 wechseln sich mit
dem Luminanzmuster 2 in den einzelnen Reihen ab, um eine zusammengesetzte, sich nicht überlappende Abtastanordnung
zu bilden. Aufgrund dieser Anordnung
geschieht das Abtasten eines Bildes für alle drei Farbvektoren (d. h. für die Luminanz, und die erste und
zweite Chrominanz) symmetrisch und gleichförmig in zwei orthogonalen Richtungen (beispielsweise horizontal
und vertikal), wie es ohne weiteres aus F i g. 1 B zu ersehen ist.
Die Fig. 2A zeigt den Voneil, den die Erfindung im
Vergleich zum Stand der Technik bietet. In Fi g. 2A sind
die Abstände in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung
/wischen Reihen von Sensorelcincnien für das l.umin;m/nn:ster
2 (K ig. IA) im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik gezeigt, wo die Elemente ein Streifenmuster
bilden (wie es z. B. der ("all ist. wenn vertikale Filterstreifen in üblicher Weise auf einer Sensoranordnung
angebracht sind). Wie es /u ersehen ist (F i g. 2Λ), ergibt das Luminan/musler 2 eine gleichförmige
Abtastung in horizontaler und in vertikaler Richtung. In jeder Zeile und Spalte erscheinen die Luminanzelemente
in Γ i g. 2A (und damit die Luminanz-Abtastsignale) in regelmäßigen Intervallen. Darüber hinaus treten bei der
Erfindung nicht nur Elemente des Luminanzmusters, sondern die Elemente aller übrigen Muster (4 und 6,
Fig. IA) der Sensoranordnung regelmäßig und gleichförmig
in zwei orthogonal zueinander stehenden Richtungen auf.
Das bevorzugte Luminanzmuster wcisi besonders
wünschenswerte Abtasteigenschaften auf, die sich aufgrund der Gleichmäßigkeit und der Orientierung des
Luminanzmusters ergeben. Von den möglichen Luminanzmustern,
die nur eine Hälfte der Elcmentpositioncn einer im wesentlichen rechteckigen Anordnung umfassen,
ist dajenige Muster als bevorzugt anzusehen, das den größtmöglichen nutzbaren Bereich an Frequenzraum
bietet, d. h. den größten Bereich an Frequenzraum, der frei von bei der Abtastung auftretender Parallelsignalstörung
ist. Aufgrund der Orientierung des bevorzugten Musters relativ zu den Hauptachsen ist
dieser nutzbare Bereich in der horizontalen und in der vertikalen Richtung verlängert, d. h. er weist seine
größte Ausdehnung in den Richtungen auf, in denen man dem menschlichen Sehsystem das größte Auflösungsvermögen
nachsagt.
Um diese Qualitäten hinsichtlich der Abtastung eingehender zu erläutern, wird auf die Fig. 2B Bezug
genommen, in der die Abtastfrequenzen und die Harmonischen für das bevorzugte Luminanzmuster
graphisch im Frequenzraum dargestellt sind. Aufgrund der Gleichförmigkeit des bevorzugten Luminanzmusters
sind die horizontalen und vertikalen Abtastfrequenzen gleich. Der Nyquistbcreich oder der nutzbare
Frequenzbereich, d. h. diejenige Region, zu der Frequenzen gehören, die dem Ursprung näher liegen als
den Abtastfrequenzen, liegt in einem im wesentlichen quadratischen Teil des Frequenzraums, wie es durch
eine gestrichelte Linie angedeutet ist. welcher Teil so orientiert ist. daß die Diagonalen auf die Horizontale
und die Vertikale ausgerichtet sind (so daß sich in diesen Richtungen die größten Erstreckungen ergeben).
Bei einem in den Fig. 3A und 3B dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Festkörper-Bildsensorreihe
20 vom ladungsgekoppelten Typ (ein sogenanntes CCD-Bauteil) vorgesehen, die aus einzelnen
Sensorelementen gebildet ist, von denen eines, das in F i g. 3A zwischen gestrichelten Linien gelegen ist. mit
22 bezeichnet ist. Ein Filter-Mosaik 24. das vor der
Bildsensorreihe 20 angeordnet ist. weist einzelne Filter (beispielsweise ein mit 26 bezeichnetes Filter) auf. die je
einzeln auf zugehörige Sensorelemente der Bildsensorreihe (z. B. auf das Element 22) ausgerichtet sind. Die
einzelnen Filter, die das die Bildsensorreihe 20 überdeckende Filtermosaik 24 bilden, weisen eine
selektive Durchlässigkeit auf und sind in solchen Mustern angeordnet, wie es oben beschrieben wurde.
Buchstaben G. R und B bezeichnen bei den einzelnen Filtern des Filter-Mosaiks 24 (Fig.3A und 3B) die
Durchlässigkeit für grünes, rotes bzw. blaues Licht,
wobei die Verwendung von derart durchlässigen Filtern als bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispie! anzusehen ist. Die
gründurchlässigen Kilter werden da/u benutzt, um die
luminan/empfindlichen Klcmncntc zu bilden, während
die für rot und blau durchlässigen Filter dazu vorgesehen sind, um erste und /weite chrominanzempfindliche
Elemente /u bilden.
lcdes der Filter 26 des Filter-Mosaiks 24 bilden
zusammen mit einem Sensorelement, beispielsweise mit dem Element 22. ein Farbbildclcment. Es ist jedoch
ersichtlich, daß eine Bildsensorreihe der hier zu besprechenden Art auch durch Sensoren mit selektiver
Spektralcmpfindlichkeit gebildet sein könnte.
In I" ig. 4 ist eine Bildsensorreihe der hier zu besprechenden Art in Verbindung mit einer schematisch
vereinfacht dargestellten Kamera gezeigt. Die Bildinformation von den einzelnen Zeilen der Bildsensorreihe,
beispielsweise von einer Zeile 32, wird einem Schieberegister 34 zugeführt, das üblicherweise auf dem die
Bildscnsorrcihen bildenden Chip selbst ausgebildet ist. wobei die Zufuhr der Bildinformation zum Schieberegister
in Abhängigkeit von Signalen einer Abfrageeinrichtung erfolgt, bei der es sich beispielsweise um einen
Zeilen-Abtastimpulsgebcr 36 handelt. Diese Technik ist an sich bekannt, und Vorrichtungen zum Durchführen
derselben sind in Fachliteratur und Palentliteratur unter Bezug auf CCD-Anordnungen beschrieben. Es ist auch
allgemein bekannt, das Ausgangssignal des Schieberegisters in einem .Signalumsetzer 38 weiter zu verarbeiten.
Bei Verwendung einer Bildsensorreihe der hier aufgezeigten Art ist jedoch die Bildinformation für die
einzelnen Farbvektoren aufgrund der ineinandergemischten Farbempfindlichkeiten der Sensorelemente
der Sensorreihe vereinzelt eingestreut. Daher ist ein Schaltcrnctzwerk 40 vorgesehen, um die Bildsignalfolge
zu trennen und in eine verwendbare Form zu bringen, beispielsweise in die Form paralleler Videosignale für
grün, rot und blau.
Mittels der Verwendung einer Umsetzer-Matrix werden die in diese Form gebrachten Signale auf
geeignete Weise in eine Rundfunknonn umgesetzt. Dies ist besonders einfach, wenn die Anzahl der Reihen der
Bildsensoranordnung der Anzahl von Zeilen bei einer Halbbildabtastung (ungefähr 250 Zeilen) entspricht oder
der Anzahl der sichtbaren Zeilen eines Vollbildes (ungefähr 500) entspricht, das aus zwei zusammengesetzten
Halbbildern besteht.
F i g. 5 zeigt eine schematisch vereinfachte Darstellung eines Schalternctzwerks 40. Einheilen 50 und 52
zum Abtasten und Hallen in abwechselnder Funktion dienen dazu, um die Grüninformation (die Luminanzinformation)
und die Chrominanzinformation auszusondern. Die letztgenannte wechselt bei jeder aufeinanderfolgenden
Reihe der Sensoranordnung zwischen rot und blau. Da die Rotinformation und die Blauinformation bei
den einzelnen Zeilen im Wechsel erhalten werden, werden diese Informationen in einem Register 54 für
eine Gesamtreihe gespeichert und reihenweise ausgeschoben, wenn die Luminanzinformation der nächsten
Reihe eintrifft.
Um die gleichen Ausgangskanäle für die Rotinformation und die Blauinformation beizubehalten, ungeachtet,
dessen, um welche Reihe es sich handelt, verbindet eine
Schalteinrichtung 56 abwechselnd den Ausgang des Schieberegisters mit der entsprechenden Ausgangs-Informationslinie.
Ein wichtiges Ausführungsbeispie! der Anordnung der Sensormuster einer Farb-Bildabtastanordnung ist in
F i g. 6 gezeigt. Das Luminanzmuster (grün), das mit G
bezeichnete Elemente besitzt, nimmt jede zweite Position der Bildabtastanordnung ein. Ein Rotmuster,
dessen Elemente mit R bezeichnet ist, wechselt in jeder zweiten Reihe mit den mit G bezeichneten Elementen
des Luminanzmusters ab. Die mit R bezeichneten Roteiemente wechseln außerdem mit Blauelementen,
die mit B bezeichnet sind und die die verbleibenden Positionen füllen, ab. Bei dieser Anordnung stellen die
Blauelemente B lediglich den achten Teil der Gesamtzahl der Elemente dar — dies beruht auf der Erkenntnis,
daß das menschliche Sehsystem zur Unterscheidung blauer Bildeinzelheiten nur beschränkt fähig ist. Rote
Einzelheiten, für die das menschliche Sehsystem empfindlicher ist, werden mit höherer Frequenz
abgetastet als die blauen Einzelheiten, da eine relativ größere Anzahl von rotempfindiichen Elementen
vorhanden ist. Die die Luminanz kennzeichnenden Einzelheiten, für die das menschliche Auge am stärksten
empfindlich ist, werden durch die größte Anzahl von vorhandenen Elementen abgetastet. Aufgrund dieser
Anordnung ist die Bildabtastung in enge Beziehung zur Aufnahmefähigkeit des menschlichen Sehsystems gebracht,
es isi jedoch ersichtlich, daß das Aussondern und Speichern der Bildinformation für rot und für blau sich
komplizierter gestaltet, wenn das Sensorenmuster für rot und das Sensorenmuster für blau sich voneinander
unterscheiden.
Die Erfindung wurde unter Bezug auf Ausführungsbeispiele im einzelnen erläutert. Es versteht sich jedoch,
daß Abwandlungen und Weiterbildungen möglich sind,
ίο ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zuverlassen. So
könnten beispielsweise verschiedene Sensoren Verwendung finden, etwa Sensoren von CCD- oder CID-Bildabtastanordnungen
(CI D's sind Bauteile vom Ladungsinjektortyp). Außerdem können farbsensitive Elemente
Verwendung finden, die entweder eine eigene Farbempfindlichkeit besitzen oder die mit Filtern versehen sind,
die entweder in geringem oder größerem Abstand von einem für ein breites Spektralband empfindlichen
Sensor angeordnet sind und die selektiv den Ansprechbereich der einzelnen Sensoren begrenzen.
Hierzu 5 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (9)
1. Farb-Bildabtastanordnung mil einer Bildsensoranordnung,
die Sensorelemente einer ersten Art, einer zweiten Art und einer dritten Art aufweist, die
auf Strahlung in einem ersten Spektralbereich bzw. einem zweiten Spektralbereich bzw. einem dritten
Spektralbereich empfindlich sind, bei der die drei Arten von Sensorelementen in sich wiederholendem
Muster über die Fläche der Sensoranordnung verteilt sind und bei der die Sensorelemente der
ersten Art in größerer Anzahl vorhanden sind als die Sensorelemente sowohl der zweiten als auch der
dritten Art, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von den in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung auf
der Fläche der Sensoranordnung aufeinanderfolgenden Sensorelementen jedes zweite ein solches der
ersten Art ist.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelemente der ersten Art im
grünen Spektralbereich und die beiden anderen Art von Sensorelementen im roten bzw. blauen Spektralbereich
empfindlich sind.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelenienie ein im
wesentlichen rechteckiges Muster bilden.
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in aufeinanderfolgenden Reihen des Musters sich jeweils Sensorelemente der zweiten
Art bzw. Sensorelemente der dritten An mit den Sensorelementen der ersten Art abwechseln
(Fig. IB).
5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelemente der dritten Art in
jeder übernächsten Sensorreihe des Musters .·η jeder vierten Stelle angeordnet sind und daß die
Sensorelemente der zweiten Art an allen übrigen Stellen des Musters vorgesehen sind (F i g. 6).
6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche I bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelemente
durch Photorezeptoren (22) mit großer spektraler Bandbreite gebildet sind, die mit Farbfiltern (24, 26)
selektiver Durchlässigkeit bedeckt sind.
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelenienie der ersten Art ein
gründurchlässiges Filter, die Sensorelemente der zweiten Art ein rotdurchlässiges Filter und die
Sensorelemente der dritten Art ein blaudurchlässiges Filter aufweisen.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Muster von
Sensorelementen im wesentlichen über die gesamte Fläche der Sensoranordnung ein Mosaik aus
einzelnen, im wesentlichen quadratischen Gruppen aus je vier benachbarten Sensorelementen bildet
und daß jede Gruppe zwei Sensorelemente der ersten Art in diagonaler Anordnung sowie je ein
Sensorelement der zweiten und der dritten Art aufweist.
9. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensorelemente der ersten Art sich
in der Richtung der Diagonalen der einzelnen quadratischen Gruppen über die gesamte Flache der
Sensoranordnung wiederholen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/555,477 US3971065A (en) | 1975-03-05 | 1975-03-05 | Color imaging array |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2608998A1 DE2608998A1 (de) | 1976-09-16 |
DE2608998B2 true DE2608998B2 (de) | 1981-05-21 |
DE2608998C3 DE2608998C3 (de) | 1982-01-21 |
Family
ID=24217407
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2608998A Expired DE2608998C3 (de) | 1975-03-05 | 1976-03-04 | Farb-Bildabtastanordnung |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3971065A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS51112228A (de) |
AU (1) | AU502623B2 (de) |
BE (1) | BE839269A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1044301A (de) |
CH (1) | CH608307A5 (de) |
DE (1) | DE2608998C3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2303373A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1527918A (de) |
HK (1) | HK41882A (de) |
IT (1) | IT1056778B (de) |
NL (1) | NL176033C (de) |
SE (1) | SE405193B (de) |
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US2508267A (en) * | 1945-10-26 | 1950-05-16 | Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc | Color television |
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JPS5016134B1 (de) * | 1970-12-26 | 1975-06-11 | ||
JPS4847216A (de) * | 1971-10-15 | 1973-07-05 | ||
JPS5018135A (de) * | 1973-06-20 | 1975-02-26 | ||
JPS5132228A (de) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-03-18 | Gen Corp |
-
1975
- 1975-03-05 US US05/555,477 patent/US3971065A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-09-19 CA CA235,913A patent/CA1044301A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-02-27 IT IT7620710A patent/IT1056778B/it active
- 1976-02-27 SE SE7602578A patent/SE405193B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-03 CH CH267676A patent/CH608307A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-04 DE DE2608998A patent/DE2608998C3/de not_active Expired
- 1976-03-04 NL NLAANVRAGE7602241,A patent/NL176033C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-04 FR FR7606072A patent/FR2303373A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-03-04 AU AU11661/76A patent/AU502623B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-05 GB GB8997/76A patent/GB1527918A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-05 BE BE164921A patent/BE839269A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-05 JP JP51023380A patent/JPS51112228A/ja active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-09-30 HK HK418/82A patent/HK41882A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2647274A1 (de) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-06-16 | Ibm | Phototransistorbildabtaster |
WO2024119206A1 (de) | 2022-12-06 | 2024-06-13 | Ait Austrian Institute Of Technology Gmbh | Messsystem zur erzeugung von 3d-bildern |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1056778B (it) | 1982-02-20 |
SE405193B (sv) | 1978-11-20 |
FR2303373B1 (de) | 1980-06-27 |
BE839269A (fr) | 1976-09-06 |
AU1166176A (en) | 1977-09-08 |
NL176033C (nl) | 1985-02-01 |
FR2303373A1 (fr) | 1976-10-01 |
CA1044301A (en) | 1978-12-12 |
DE2608998C3 (de) | 1982-01-21 |
SE7602578L (sv) | 1976-09-06 |
NL7602241A (nl) | 1976-09-07 |
AU502623B2 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
GB1527918A (en) | 1978-10-11 |
CH608307A5 (de) | 1978-12-29 |
JPS51112228A (en) | 1976-10-04 |
DE2608998A1 (de) | 1976-09-16 |
US3971065A (en) | 1976-07-20 |
HK41882A (en) | 1982-10-08 |
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