DE102007005287B4 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hochreines Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hochreines Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102007005287B4 DE102007005287B4 DE102007005287A DE102007005287A DE102007005287B4 DE 102007005287 B4 DE102007005287 B4 DE 102007005287B4 DE 102007005287 A DE102007005287 A DE 102007005287A DE 102007005287 A DE102007005287 A DE 102007005287A DE 102007005287 B4 DE102007005287 B4 DE 102007005287B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium paratungstate
- tetrahydrate
- decahydrate
- phase
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- -1 ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OYASCWOZHBYIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;tungsten Chemical compound N.[W] OYASCWOZHBYIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004691 decahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- YOFPVMWVLDSWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyl-n-(11-methyldodecyl)dodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C YOFPVMWVLDSWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003893 H2WO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101001094044 Mus musculus Solute carrier family 26 member 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DKMFARWRZBQGDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-] Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-] DKMFARWRZBQGDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZXOKVTWPEIAYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)tungsten Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])=O ZXOKVTWPEIAYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethametsulfuron-methyl Chemical compound CCOC1=NC(NC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC)=N1 ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005287A DE102007005287B4 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hochreines Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat |
| PT08708317T PT2118018T (pt) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | Método para produção de tetraidrato de paratungstato de amônio e tetraidrato de paratungstam em amónio altamente puro |
| ES08708317T ES2745085T3 (es) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | Método de fabricación de tetrahidrato de paratungstato de amonio y tetrahidrato de paratungstato de amonio de alta pureza |
| EP08708317.6A EP2118018B1 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hoch reines ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat |
| CN2008800039201A CN101600653B (zh) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | 生产四水合仲钨酸铵和高纯度四水合仲钨酸铵的方法 |
| US12/524,968 US8168155B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | Method for production of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate and highly pure ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate |
| PCT/EP2008/051000 WO2008092838A1 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hoch reines ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat |
| CN201310009900.8A CN103030178B (zh) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | 生产四水合仲钨酸铵和高纯度四水合仲钨酸铵的方法 |
| JP2009547659A JP5361739B2 (ja) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-29 | パラタングステン酸アンモニウム四水和物及び高純度のパラタングステン酸アンモニウム四水和物を製造する方法 |
| US12/945,038 US8226923B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2010-11-12 | Method for production of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate and highly pure ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate |
| JP2013143060A JP5940025B2 (ja) | 2007-02-02 | 2013-07-08 | 高純度のパラタングステン酸アンモニウム四水和物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005287A DE102007005287B4 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hochreines Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102007005287A1 DE102007005287A1 (de) | 2008-08-14 |
| DE102007005287B4 true DE102007005287B4 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
Family
ID=39434231
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005287A Active DE102007005287B4 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat und hochreines Ammoniumparawolframattetrahydrat |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8168155B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2118018B1 (https=) |
| JP (2) | JP5361739B2 (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN101600653B (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE102007005287B4 (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2745085T3 (https=) |
| PT (1) | PT2118018T (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2008092838A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005286B4 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2009-08-27 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframathydraten und Ammoniumparawolframatdekahydrat |
| JP5636142B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-02 | 2014-12-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 高純度パラタングステン酸アンモニウムの製造方法 |
| JP4797099B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-10-19 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石金属株式会社 | 高純度タングステン粉末の製造方法 |
| US9865402B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2018-01-09 | Showa Denko K.K. | Anode body for tungsten capacitors |
| CN109289940B (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-03-05 | 赣州海创钨业有限公司 | 一种仲钨酸铵生产用离子交换装置 |
| CN111689520B (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-04-18 | 赣州有色冶金研究所有限公司 | 一种二段真空制备十水合仲钨酸铵的方法 |
| CN113816428A (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-21 | 赣州市海龙钨钼有限公司 | 一种制备仲钨酸铵的工艺 |
| CN113816429B (zh) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-04-18 | 江西钨业股份有限公司 | 仲钨酸铵的颗粒粗化方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1150962B (de) * | 1959-02-10 | 1963-07-04 | Gen Mills Inc | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Wolframverbindungen aus waessrigen, wolframhaltigen Loesungen |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1244141B (de) | 1962-10-26 | 1967-07-13 | Blair Burwell | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinem Ammoniumparawolframat |
| US4092400A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-05-30 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. | Process for recovering high purity tungsten compositions from wolframite ores |
| US4115513A (en) | 1977-08-16 | 1978-09-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Processing of ammonium paratungstate from tungsten ores |
| JPS5761632A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-04-14 | Toshiba Corp | Production of crude particles of ammonium paratungstenate crystal |
| US4450144A (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1984-05-22 | Amax Inc. | Ammonium hydroxide stripping of tungsten from organic solvents |
| US4623534A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-11-18 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for producing ammonium paratungstate |
| JPH0227287B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-07 | 1990-06-15 | Nippon Mining Co | Kojundoparatangusutensananmoniumuketsushonoseizohoho |
| JPH07121807B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-25 | 1995-12-25 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | 高純度パラタングステン酸アンモニウム結晶の製造方法 |
| US4969336A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1990-11-13 | Cryo-Cell International, Inc. | Cryogenic storage apparatus, particularly with automatic retrieval |
| DE19724183C2 (de) * | 1996-07-05 | 1999-03-25 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung reiner Alkali- und/oder Ammonium-Wolframat-Lösungen |
| DE19628816A1 (de) | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-22 | Sawatzki Viktor | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Parawolframat |
| CN1377980A (zh) * | 2002-02-06 | 2002-11-06 | 王旭升 | 一种用高钼钨矿制备高纯仲钨酸铵的方法 |
| JP2005126321A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-05-19 | Jfe Mineral Co Ltd | タングステン酸アンモニウムの製造方法 |
| DE102007005286B4 (de) * | 2007-02-02 | 2009-08-27 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniumparawolframathydraten und Ammoniumparawolframatdekahydrat |
-
2007
- 2007-02-02 DE DE102007005287A patent/DE102007005287B4/de active Active
-
2008
- 2008-01-29 US US12/524,968 patent/US8168155B2/en active Active
- 2008-01-29 WO PCT/EP2008/051000 patent/WO2008092838A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-29 CN CN2008800039201A patent/CN101600653B/zh active Active
- 2008-01-29 EP EP08708317.6A patent/EP2118018B1/de active Active
- 2008-01-29 CN CN201310009900.8A patent/CN103030178B/zh active Active
- 2008-01-29 PT PT08708317T patent/PT2118018T/pt unknown
- 2008-01-29 ES ES08708317T patent/ES2745085T3/es active Active
- 2008-01-29 JP JP2009547659A patent/JP5361739B2/ja active Active
-
2010
- 2010-11-12 US US12/945,038 patent/US8226923B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-08 JP JP2013143060A patent/JP5940025B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1150962B (de) * | 1959-02-10 | 1963-07-04 | Gen Mills Inc | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Wolframverbindungen aus waessrigen, wolframhaltigen Loesungen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| van Put, J.W. et al.:"Formation of ammonium paratungstate tetra- and hexa-hydrate" in Hydrometallurgy, 34 (1993) 187-201 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008092838A1 (de) | 2008-08-07 |
| CN101600653B (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
| US20110070148A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
| EP2118018B1 (de) | 2019-06-26 |
| CN101600653A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
| CN103030178A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
| US20100028250A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
| JP2013212985A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
| PT2118018T (pt) | 2019-09-17 |
| JP2010517903A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| ES2745085T3 (es) | 2020-02-27 |
| DE102007005287A1 (de) | 2008-08-14 |
| US8168155B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| JP5361739B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
| US8226923B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
| JP5940025B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 |
| CN103030178B (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| EP2118018A1 (de) | 2009-11-18 |
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