CS247076B2 - Production method of tetrazole derivatives - Google Patents
Production method of tetrazole derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS247076B2 CS247076B2 CS838106A CS810683A CS247076B2 CS 247076 B2 CS247076 B2 CS 247076B2 CS 838106 A CS838106 A CS 838106A CS 810683 A CS810683 A CS 810683A CS 247076 B2 CS247076 B2 CS 247076B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- alkyl
- hydrogen
- formula
- tetrazole
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C335/00—Thioureas, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C335/30—Isothioureas
- C07C335/32—Isothioureas having sulfur atoms of isothiourea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/70—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
- C07C45/71—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form being hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/088—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/439,239 US4661505A (en) | 1982-11-03 | 1982-11-03 | Leukotriene antagonists |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CS810683A2 CS810683A2 (en) | 1985-06-13 |
CS247076B2 true CS247076B2 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
Family
ID=23743890
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CS838106A CS247076B2 (en) | 1982-11-03 | 1983-11-03 | Production method of tetrazole derivatives |
Country Status (28)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4661505A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0108592B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS59104344A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR860001570B1 (ja) |
AR (1) | AR240318A1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE30023T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU572806B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1242194A (ja) |
CS (1) | CS247076B2 (ja) |
DD (1) | DD215083A5 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3373899D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK499883D0 (ja) |
EG (1) | EG16819A (ja) |
ES (1) | ES526940A0 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI81343C (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2129797B (ja) |
GR (1) | GR78946B (ja) |
HU (1) | HU197871B (ja) |
IE (1) | IE56204B1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL70093A (ja) |
MY (1) | MY102027A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ206111A (ja) |
PH (1) | PH21170A (ja) |
PL (1) | PL139647B1 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT77592B (ja) |
RO (1) | RO88317B (ja) |
SU (1) | SU1433412A3 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA838118B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4507498A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1985-03-26 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Phenoxycarboxylic acids |
US5143931A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1992-09-01 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Leukotriene antagonists containing tetrazolyl groups |
US4959364A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1990-09-25 | G. D. Searle & Co. | Method of treating inflammation, allergy, asthma and proliferative skin disease using heterocyclic amides |
US4628115A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-12-09 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Substituted 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy alkanoic acids |
US4939279A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1990-07-03 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Leukotriene antagonists |
US4937253A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1990-06-26 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Ester prodrugs |
US4672066A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1987-06-09 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Derivatives of 4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-alkyl-phenoxycarboxylic acids |
GB8523776D0 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1985-10-30 | Scras | Catechol derivatives |
JPS6272657A (ja) * | 1985-09-27 | 1987-04-03 | Terumo Corp | アミド誘導体およびこれを含有する5−リポキシゲナ−ゼ作用阻害剤 |
US4663332A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-05-05 | Hoffman-La Roche Inc. | 5-substituted N-alkylated tetrazoles |
DE3604050A1 (de) * | 1986-02-08 | 1987-08-13 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Thioether, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie diese verbindungen enthaltende arzneimittel |
US4801616A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1989-01-31 | Eli Lilly And Company | Diphenylmethanone compounds and anti-inflammatory use thereof |
JPS62242682A (ja) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-10-23 | Tokyo Tanabe Co Ltd | 新規なピリド[1,2―a]ピリミジン誘導体及びその製造法 |
FR2598146B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-30 | 1989-01-20 | Rech Ind | Nouveau procede de preparation de fibrates. |
US5098613A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1992-03-24 | Eli Lilly And Company | Anti-inflammatory agents |
US5294613A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1994-03-15 | Eli Lilly And Company | Method of treating endotoxic shock in mammals |
CA1315279C (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1993-03-30 | Nancy Grace Bollinger | Anti-inflammatory agents |
US4992576A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1991-02-12 | Eli Lilly And Company | Intermediates for leukotriene antagonists |
US5171882A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1992-12-15 | Eli Lilly And Company | Leukotriene antagonists |
US4945099A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1990-07-31 | Eli Lilly And Company | Anti-inflammatory agents |
US5235064A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1993-08-10 | Eli Lilly And Company | Leukotriene antagonists |
US4874777A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1989-10-17 | Eli Lilly And Company | Leukotriene antagonists |
US4853398A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-08-01 | Eli Lilly And Company | Leukotriene antagonists and use thereas |
US4942245A (en) * | 1987-04-20 | 1990-07-17 | Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Benzimidazole Derivatives |
US4777298A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-10-11 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for intermediates to leukotriene antagonists |
US4777299A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-10-11 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for leukotriene antagonists |
EP0295882B1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1991-08-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for intermediates to leukotriene antagonists |
PT87616B (pt) * | 1987-06-24 | 1992-09-30 | Smithkline Beecham Corp | Processo de preparacao de antagonistas do leucotrieno e de composicoes farmaceuticas |
US4820722A (en) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-04-11 | Eli Lilly And Company | Disubstituted tetrazoles and their use as leukotriene antagonists |
US4820723A (en) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-04-11 | Eli Lilly And Company | Disubstituted tetrazole leukotriene antagonists and methods for their use thereas |
US5008439A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1991-04-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Synthesis of 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) alkanoic acid esters |
US4908476A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1990-03-13 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Synthesis of 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)alkanoic acids |
US4935522A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1990-06-19 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for producing ethyl 2-[4'-(6"-chloro-2"-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy]propionate |
EP0357545A3 (de) * | 1988-07-21 | 1990-03-21 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Kationische Verbindungen, deren Herstellung und deren Anwendung zur fotochemischen Stabilisierung basisch anfärbbarer Polyamid-, Polyacrylnitril-und Polyesterfasermaterialien |
US4954513A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-09-04 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Leukotriene antagonists |
JPH04297466A (ja) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-10-21 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | テトラゾール誘導体及び医薬 |
DE4028866A1 (de) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-03-12 | Schering Ag | Neue leukotrien-b(pfeil abwaerts)4(pfeil abwaerts)-antagonisten, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als arzneimittel |
CN1037681C (zh) * | 1991-01-31 | 1998-03-11 | 日本新药株式会社 | 四唑衍生物与医药 |
IT1250436B (it) * | 1991-07-01 | 1995-04-07 | Mini Ricerca Scient Tecnolog | Benzofenoni ad azione antifungina |
PH30449A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1997-05-28 | Lilly Co Eli | Substituted phenyl phenol leukotriene antagonists |
US5352690A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-10-04 | Eli Lilly And Company | 1,2,4-trioxygenated benzene derivatives useful as leukotriene antagonists |
US5455274A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-10-03 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Hydroxyamidine derivatives |
WO1995022323A1 (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-24 | Idun Pharmaceuticals | Methods for controlling free radical generation by inflammatory cells |
US6566560B2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2003-05-20 | Immugen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Resorcinolic compounds |
WO2002026728A2 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-04 | Immugen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antiviral methods and compounds |
AU2001296402A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-08 | Immugen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and compounds for inhibiting eicosanoid metabolism and platelet aggregation |
US6756399B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-06-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Use of lipoxygenase inhibitors and PPAR ligands as anti-cancer therapeutic and intervention agents |
AU2003214226A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-10-08 | Immugen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Topical formulations of resorcinols and cannibinoids and methods of use |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3255241A (en) * | 1961-01-19 | 1966-06-07 | Merck & Co Inc | (2-alkylidene acyl)phenoxy-and (2-alkylidene acyl)phenylmercaptocarboxylic acids |
BE639727A (ja) * | 1962-11-13 | |||
US3311636A (en) * | 1963-03-14 | 1967-03-28 | Upjohn Co | Organic chemical compounds and process |
US3261868A (en) * | 1963-03-14 | 1966-07-19 | Upjohn Co | Aminoalkoxy-hydroxyacetophenones |
US3320306A (en) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-05-16 | Merck & Co Inc | Process for the preparation of 4-(2-methylenealkanoyl)phenoxy alkanoic acids by decarboxylation |
GB1185539A (en) * | 1967-11-03 | 1970-03-25 | Smith & Nephew | Substituted Tetrazoles |
DE2003430C3 (de) * | 1969-01-31 | 1978-12-07 | Laboratorien Fournier Gmbh, 6600 Saarbruecken | p-Benzoylphenoxyisobuttersäureester, ihre Herstellung und diese enthaltende Arzneimittel |
GB1415295A (en) * | 1971-10-14 | 1975-11-26 | Orchimed Sa | Substituted phenoxy-alkyl-carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof |
GB1384530A (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1975-02-19 | Fisons Ltd | Chromone derivatives |
SU469247A3 (ru) * | 1972-01-14 | 1975-04-30 | Майлз Лабораториз Инк (Фирма) | Способ получени производных хромона |
FR2173778A1 (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1973-10-12 | Aries Robert | 5-phenoxyalkyltetrazoles - hypocholesterolaemics and anorectics |
CH599184A5 (en) * | 1974-08-16 | 1978-05-12 | Sandoz Ag | 5-Substd. 4-hydroxyalkyl-salicylaldehyde derivs. prepn. |
DE2460689C3 (de) * | 1974-12-20 | 1980-06-26 | Klinge Pharma Gmbh & Co, 8000 Muenchen | 13-disubstituierte Propanol-(2)-Derivate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Arzneimittel |
US4136192A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1979-01-23 | Beecham Group Limited | 4-hydroxy-3-nitro (cyano) coumarins |
GB1524260A (en) * | 1976-11-23 | 1978-09-06 | Beecham Group Ltd | Aminoalkyloneoxyd substituted 4-hydroxy-3 nitrocoumarins |
DE2735856A1 (de) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-02-22 | Klinge Co Chem Pharm Fab | Neue 1,3-diphenoxypropan-2-on-derivate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als arzneimittel |
ES494769A0 (es) * | 1979-09-05 | 1981-07-16 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Un procedimiento para la pre-paracion de fenoxialcoxifenil- derivados. |
FI73423C (fi) * | 1980-02-29 | 1987-10-09 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av farmakologiskt verksamma tetrazolderivat. |
DE3169761D1 (en) * | 1981-01-09 | 1985-05-09 | Fisons Plc | Phenoxy- and thiophenoxy compounds, methods for their preparation and pharmaceutical formulations containing them |
US4567201A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1986-01-28 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Diphenoxypropane derivatives and compositions of antiasthmatic and antiinflammatory agents thereof |
US4507498A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1985-03-26 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Phenoxycarboxylic acids |
ZA831846B (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1983-11-30 | Hoffmann La Roche | Phenoyxyalkylcarboxylic acid derivatives |
US5105017A (en) * | 1983-07-18 | 1992-04-14 | Eli Lilly And Company | Leukotriene antagonist intermediates |
-
1982
- 1982-11-03 US US06/439,239 patent/US4661505A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-10-31 NZ NZ206111A patent/NZ206111A/en unknown
- 1983-10-31 ZA ZA838118A patent/ZA838118B/xx unknown
- 1983-10-31 RO RO112447A patent/RO88317B/ro unknown
- 1983-10-31 ES ES526940A patent/ES526940A0/es active Granted
- 1983-10-31 IL IL70093A patent/IL70093A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-01 DE DE8383306638T patent/DE3373899D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-11-01 AU AU20875/83A patent/AU572806B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-11-01 AT AT83306638T patent/ATE30023T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-01 GR GR72839A patent/GR78946B/el unknown
- 1983-11-01 GB GB08329099A patent/GB2129797B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-01 CA CA000440201A patent/CA1242194A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-01 DD DD83256210A patent/DD215083A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-01 DK DK4998/83A patent/DK499883D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-11-01 FI FI834002A patent/FI81343C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-01 IE IE2551/83A patent/IE56204B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-01 EP EP83306638A patent/EP0108592B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-02 PL PL1983244401A patent/PL139647B1/pl unknown
- 1983-11-02 PT PT77592A patent/PT77592B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-02 SU SU833662253A patent/SU1433412A3/ru active
- 1983-11-02 EG EG684/83A patent/EG16819A/xx active
- 1983-11-02 JP JP58206866A patent/JPS59104344A/ja active Granted
- 1983-11-02 PH PH29778A patent/PH21170A/en unknown
- 1983-11-02 AR AR294707A patent/AR240318A1/es active
- 1983-11-02 HU HU833787A patent/HU197871B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-02 KR KR1019830005206A patent/KR860001570B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-03 CS CS838106A patent/CS247076B2/cs unknown
-
1987
- 1987-09-23 MY MYPI87001889A patent/MY102027A/en unknown
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CS247076B2 (en) | Production method of tetrazole derivatives | |
EP0497564B1 (en) | Benzamides | |
EP3594221B1 (en) | Gpr84 receptor antagonist and use thereof | |
EP0185429A1 (en) | New bicyclic heteroaryl piperazines | |
DD299185A5 (de) | Aza-verbindungen | |
CA2472298A1 (en) | Coumarines useful as biomarkers | |
LU86264A1 (fr) | Nouveau procede de preparation d'un derive d'aryl-1,4-dihydro 4-oxonaphtyridine 1-substituee produits intermediaires pour ce derive et procede de preparation des produits intermediaires | |
CS89592A3 (en) | Novel indole derivative, process of its preparation and a pharmaceuticalcomprising thereof | |
CZ283081B6 (cs) | Deriváty imidazopyridinu, způsob jejich výroby a farmaceutické přípravky na jejich bázi | |
HU198192B (en) | Process for producing new tetrazoles with leukotriene antagonist activity and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same | |
FI91064C (fi) | Menetelmä terapeuttisesti vaikuttavien 3-(N-asyylietyyli-aminoalkyyli)-kromaanien ja -1,4-dioksaanien valmistamiseksi | |
EP0023350A1 (en) | Theophylline derivatives, a process for the preparation of the same and a therapeutical composition | |
US4325964A (en) | Phenylamidine derivatives | |
HU182636B (en) | Process for producing pyrazolo-imidazol derivatives | |
CZ163993A3 (en) | 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-oxatriazol-5-imine compounds, process of their preparation and a pharmaceutical preparation in which such compounds are comprised | |
EP0132124B1 (en) | Novel pharmaceutical compounds and their preparation | |
SU1549480A3 (ru) | Способ получени производных иминотиазолидина или их гидрохлоридов | |
US4902698A (en) | Benzenesulphonamidopyridyl compounds which are useful as thromboxane A.sub.2 | |
EP0305085B1 (en) | Leukotriene antagonists | |
EP0303478B1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to leukotriene antagonists | |
CS274445B2 (en) | Method of new trisubstituted amines production | |
JP2879918B2 (ja) | カルシウム拮抗剤 | |
Erian | β‐Enaminoesters as building blocks in heterocyclic synthesis. A novel synthesis of fused azines by using blaise reaction as a key step | |
JPS58118573A (ja) | アリ−ルイミノイミダゾリジン誘導体、その製造方法、鎮痛剤及び鎮痛剤の製造方法 | |
HU198023B (en) | Process for production of new derivatives of benzamid and medical preparatives containing these compounds as active substance |