CN87102962A - 液体燃料组合物 - Google Patents

液体燃料组合物

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CN87102962A
CN87102962A CN87102962.6A CN87102962A CN87102962A CN 87102962 A CN87102962 A CN 87102962A CN 87102962 A CN87102962 A CN 87102962A CN 87102962 A CN87102962 A CN 87102962A
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塔克·罗伯特·德赖登
卢搭斯·肯尼
特莫尔·伊恩
布朗·杰拉尔德·爱恩
科斯特洛·琼·凯瑟林
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Abstract

向在浊点以下10℃时含有4—10Wt%蜡并基本上不含有大于正三十烷的烷烃的馏分燃料油中添加正构烷烃,提供大于燃料油的0.35Wt%的C24和更高级的烷烃,从而提高其对低温流动改进剂的感受性。

Description

本发明涉及含有流动改进剂的馏分燃料组合物。
含有直链烷烃蜡的取暖用油和其它馏分石油燃料,如柴油,在低温时势必沉淀出大块晶体,这样建立起的凝胶结构导致燃料油丧失其流动性。燃料油仍能流动的最低温度通常称为倾点。
当燃料油温度达到或低于其倾点,燃料油不能再自由地流动时,用管路和泵输送燃料油就会造成困难,例如当试图利用重力或泵压将燃料油从一个储存容器输送到另一个输存容器或试图将燃料油加进燃烧器时就会困难。
在倾点温度以上,溶液中产生的晶体也往往堵塞燃料油管路、筛网和过滤器。这些问题过去便是众所周知,并且有人建议使用各种添加剂以降低燃料油的倾点并减小蜡晶体的大小。这些添加剂的功能之一是改变从燃料油中沉淀的晶体的性质,从而减少蜡晶体形成凝胶的可能性。细小的晶体是理想的,这样沉淀出的蜡将不会堵塞在燃料油的运输、储存和调配设备中使用的细孔筛网。最理想的燃料油不但应具有较低的倾点(流点),而且应形成细小的蜡晶,这样在低的操作温度下过滤器的堵塞将不会减弱燃料油的流动。
向在浊点以下10℃含有直到4Wt%正构烷烃(用重量分析法或差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定)的馏分油中加入主要是乙烯-乙酸乙酯共聚物(EVA)基的流动改进剂可有效的改善蜡晶(用CFPP和其它操作性能试验,以及用模拟和野外使用性能测定)。通常炼油工作者调整馏分油的ASTM    D-86蒸馏特性以把尾部90%馏分至终馏点之间的温差增加到20~25℃来促进在这些馏分中添加剂的感受性。
美国专利3020696提出在美国1968年通用的低含蜡量的中间馏分燃料油对按照法国专利1461008制备的乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的感受性可以通过掺入少量的石蜡得到改进,石蜡的用量为0.03~2Wt%,石蜡的平均分子量为300~650。同样地,美国专利3040691提出相同类型的中间馏分油对相同的添加剂的感受性可以通过添加烷烃馏分油得到改进,所说的烷烃馏分油含有比正二十六烷更高到正四十烷的烷烃以提供C24和更高级正构烷烃的量为0.1~2Wt%。在这些专利中,添加C24和更高级的蜡最少量为0.1Wt%,最大量为0.3Wt%,都表明改进了感受性。
然而,当处理高含蜡量窄沸程馏分,如那些在远东和澳大利亚所遇到的馏分时,尽管这些馏分具有类似的蒸馏特性,但是有更高的含蜡量(用DSC法或重量分析法测定的在浊点以下10℃时含蜡量为5~10Wt%),并有不同的碳原子数分布,特别是在C22~C28的范围内时,上述那些做法是无效的。特别困难的是处理那些具有高蜡含量并有较低终馏点的燃料油,即终馏点不超过370℃,有时还要低于360℃的燃料油,这些燃料油在窄碳原子数分布范围内具有高含蜡量。最困难的是处理那些从高蜡原油,如从澳大利亚和远东地区的原油中得到的燃料油,这些燃料油用气-液色层分离法测定馏分的正构烷烃总含量可大于20%,全部含C12和更高级的正构烷烃。
最近,日本专利公开说明书615811586提出可通过调节燃料油的总含蜡量在5.5~12Wt%,最好通过调合高和低含蜡量燃料的方法改善中间馏分对流动性改进剂的感受性。含蜡量是在-20℃时用丁酮从一克燃料油中沉淀出的蜡。这项技术对通过添加剂处理的燃料油的含蜡量不是令人满意的,因为其是在燃料油的浊点和被添加剂处理的操作性能点之间沉淀出的蜡,而操作性能点对燃料油的低温特性是重要的。我们发现这些燃料油对流动改进剂的感受性能不取决于燃料油的总含蜡量。
一种典型较难处理的馏分燃料油,其在它的浊点下10℃时含有5~10Wt%的蜡和/或含有20Wt%以上的正构烷烃C12+,其具有如下的ASTM D-86特性:
初馏点    212℃
5%    234℃
10%    243℃
20%    255℃
30%    263℃
40%    279℃
50%    288℃
60%    298℃
70%    303℃
80%    321℃
90%    334℃
95%    343℃
终馏点    361℃
我们发现,与前面介绍的日本专利申请615811586相对照,这样的馏分燃料油对流动改进剂的感受性可通过向燃料油中加入某些物质得到改善,加入的物质在限定含蜡量的范围内加宽含蜡量的碳原子数的分布。
按照本发明的液体燃料油组合物主要含有(按重量计)馏分燃料油,该馏分燃料油在浊点下10℃时含有4~10Wt%的蜡并有较窄的正构烷烃分布,即基本上不含比正三十烷(C30)更高级的烷烃,该液体的燃料组合物并含有(按馏分燃料油计)0.001~2.0Wt%的低温流动改进剂和0.001~2.0Wt%的添加的正构烷烃,所添加的正构烷烃中C24和更高级的烷烃的量大于燃料油重量的0.35Wt%。
另外根据本发明,低温流动改进剂应用于馏分燃料油,该馏分燃料油在浊点下10℃时含蜡4~10Wt%并有较窄的碳原子数分布,即基本上不含比馏分燃料油流动改进剂和添加的正构烷烃的混合物的正三十烷(C30)更高级的烷烃,所添加的正构烷烃C24和更高级烷烃的量大于燃料油重量的0.35Wt%。
本发明中所用的流动改进剂可以是任何一种常用的流动改进剂,然而我们推荐使用含有乙烯和至少一种第二种不饱和单体共聚物型的流动改进剂。该第二种不饱和单体可以是另一种单烯烃,例如C3~C18的α-单烯烃或可以是一种不饱和酯,如乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、异丁酸月桂酯、丙烯酸乙酯或其它类似物。该第二种单体也可以是不饱和单酯或双酯与支链或直链α-单烯烃的混合物。也可以使用共聚物的混合物,例如乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物与烷基化的聚苯乙烯或与酰化的聚苯乙烯的混合物。可采用的其它物质有氨基琥珀酸衍生物、酯类如聚丙烯酸酯和酯化的马来酐共聚物、聚α-烯烃等等。
本发明中使用的较佳馏分燃料油流动改进剂是由每摩尔不饱和烃单体含有1~40,较好是1~20,更好是3~20摩尔的乙烯组成,其中不饱和烯单体可以是单一单体或这样的单体以任意比例的混合物,所说的聚合物是油溶的并且其平均分子量约为1000~50000,最好约1000~5000。分子量可以使用冰点降低法或汽相渗透压法测定,例如使用梅克罗贝(Mechrolab)汽相渗透仪310A型测定分子量。
不饱和单体可以均聚或与乙烯或其相互共聚,其包括不饱和酸、酸酐、单酯和二酯,通式如下:
Figure 87102962_IMG1
式中R1是氢或甲基;R3是-OOCR4或-COOR4基,其中R4是氢或C1~C16,最好是C1~C4的直链或支链烷基,且R3是氢或-COOR4。当R1与R3是氢且R2是-OOCR4时,单体包括C2~C7一元羧酸的乙烯醇酯。这些酯的例子包括乙酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯等等。当R2是-COOR4时这些酯包括C8羰基合成醇的丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸甲酯、异丁烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、异丁烯酸异丁酯、α-异丁烯酸的棕榈醇酯、异丁烯酸的C13羰基合成醇酯等等。当R1是氢且R2和R3都是-OOCR4时单体的例子包括单C12羰基合成醇的反丁烯二酸酯、马来酸二异丙基酯、反丁烯二酸二月桂基酯、反丁烯二酸乙基甲基酯;富马酸、马来酸等等。当R2是氢、R1是COOR4并且R3是CH2COOR4时,单体为衣康酸酯。
在本发明中,用于制备倾点下降剂或流动改进剂的可与乙烯共聚合的其它不饱和单体包括C3~C16的支链或直链α-单烯烃,例如丙烯、正辛烯-1、2-乙基癸烯-1、正癸烯-1等等。
在共聚物中也可以包括少量(如约0~20摩尔百分数)的第三种单体,甚至第四种单体,例如C2~C16的支链或直链α-单烯烃,如丙烯、正辛烯-1、正癸烯-1等等。因此,3~40摩尔的乙烯与1摩尔的30~99%(摩尔)的不饱和酯和70~1%(摩尔)的烯烃的混合物的共聚物也可以使用。
所形成的这些共聚物是主要由分布有烃或氧取代的烃的侧链的乙烯聚合物主链所组成的无规共聚物。
制备上述酯所用的醇是由烯烃(如C3~C4单烯烃的聚合物和共聚物)制备的支链脂族伯醇的异构混合物,在含钴催化剂(如羰基钴)的存在下烯烃与一氧化碳和氢反应,反应温度为300°F~400°F,反应压力为1000~3000psi,生成醛,然后将得到的醛产物加氢生成醇,醇可用蒸馏方法从加氢产物中回收。
也优先选用那些侧链低度支化的共聚物,特别是那些在每100个甲基中含有少于10个,最好是少于8个甲基终止侧链(酯基除外)的共聚物,其是用核磁共振法测定的,最好用500兆赫芝质子核磁共振分析。
流动改进剂的使用浓度按被处理的馏分燃料油计约为0.001~2Wt%,最好约0.005~0.2Wt%。
第二种添加剂提供大于C24的正构烷烃,且最好是碳原子分布在约20~40的蜡。尽管蜡中也可含有少量的支链烃,但我们还是希望蜡主要由直链烷烃组成。加入的蜡可以是纯蜡或炼厂的物流,如常压重瓦斯油、减压瓦斯油或裂化重瓦斯油,这些炼厂物流含有碳原子数在所需范围内的限定量的蜡。可以认为加入的蜡是在燃料油中正构烷烃结晶的晶核,并且与从燃料油中最先沉淀出来的正构烷烃共结晶。因此,添加的蜡的优选正构烷烃分布取决于特定的燃料。虽然C24和更高级的正构烷烃组分应大于燃料油重量的0.35Wt%,但我们推荐其值应大于燃料油重量的0.5Wt%。
也可以使用其它添加剂进一步改善低温性能,例如肼,最好是二羧酸或酐(如邻苯二甲酸酐)的半酰胺、半胺盐并且可以添加烷基最好是含有12~20个碳原子的仲胺。特别优选的化合物是邻苯二甲酸的半酰胺、半胺盐和二氢脂胺-Armeen 2HT(大约有4Wt%正C14烷基、30Wt%正C16烷基、60Wt%正C18烷基,其余则是不饱和物)。肼、半酰胺、半胺盐的添加量通常是馏分燃料油重量的0.001~2Wt%,最好是0.005~0.2Wt%。
其它添加剂的例子是乙二醇酯,如在我们的EP0061895B中所定义的那些酯;这些酯和马来酸酐的胺的共聚物,如EP公开号0214786中所定义的那些共聚物;聚烯烃和氯化聚烯烃及烷基琥珀酸酐的胺或酰胺。
向馏分燃料油中添加蜡-萘缩合物可进一步改善馏分燃料油的低温流动性。典型的缩合物是通过氯化含有正链和支链的C18~C39(平均为C26)烷烃的蜡,得到含有约15Wt%氯的氯化蜡而制备的。这样得到的氯化蜡经过烷基化反应与萘聚合得到一种可应用的含有交替蜡和萘单元的缩合物。
添加的缩合物的量以馏分燃料油的重量计通常为0.00005~0.1Wt%。
本发明的添加剂常常作为浓缩物合并到主体燃料中,本发明进一步提供一种浓缩物,其包括含有30~70Wt%,最好40~60Wt%的乙烯和其它烯的不饱和单体的共聚物与烃蜡的混合物的溶液。
在实施例中使用下列添加剂:
添加剂1:63Wt%的两种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的混合物的溶液,由埃克森(Exxon)化学公司销售,商品名为ECA8400。
添加剂2:添加剂1加上10Wt%的蜡-萘缩合物。
添加剂3:一种由(1)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(2份重)(2)蜡-萘缩合物和(3)1份重的邻苯二甲酸的半酰胺-半胺盐和二氢化脂胺(Armeen    2HT)所组成的混合物。蜡-萘缩合物的量占共聚物(1)和半酰胺-半胺盐(2)总重量的5Wt%。
添加剂4:按照法国专利1461008制备的45Wt%的分子量约为2000的高支化的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,并且乙酸乙烯酯的含量为30Wt%的溶液。
添加剂5:由埃克森公司销售的商品名为巴拉弗洛(Paraflow)206的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和富马酸-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的调合物。
添加剂6:一种作为芳烃稀释剂的浓缩物由大约50Wt%的两种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的混合物组成,该共聚物中有约75Wt%的蜡生长阻止剂和大约25Wt%成核剂。蜡生长阻止剂是由乙烯和大约38Wt%乙酸乙烯酯所组成,其数均分子量约为25~35。成核剂是由乙烯和大约16Wt%乙酸乙烯酯所组成,其数均分子量约为3000(VPO)。该共聚物在英国专利1374051中用共聚物H表示。
实施例1
向浊点为+3℃,倾点为-3℃且具有下列ASTM    D-86特征:
初馏点    244℃
10%    256℃
20%    263℃
50%    294℃
90%    340℃
95%    351℃
终馏点    358℃
并且在浊点以下10℃时含蜡量约为5.7Wt%的馏分燃料中加入1500ppm添加剂1。
燃料油通过过滤器的能力用低温过滤堵塞点试验(CFPPT)评价,试验的操作步骤在《英国石油学会志》卷52,No.510,1966年6月第173~185页中有详细说明。简单地说,就是将40毫升要试验的油样放入维持在约-34℃的冷浴中冷却,定时地(由不低于浊点以上5℃开始每降低1℃)试验冷却的油,测其在一定的时间内流过细孔筛网的能力。试验低温性质用的设备由一个移液管组成,其较低一端与一个位于试验油液面下方的倒置漏斗相连。漏斗的扩大的口是一个面积约0.45平方英寸的350目筛子。定期试验是在每次开始时将移液管的上端抽真空,从而将油通过筛子抽上来进入移液管,直到标有20毫升油的标记处。温度每降低1℃重复一次试验,直到油不足以注满移液管中20毫升油的标记处为止。
温度每降低1℃重复试验一次,直到油在60秒内不能注满移液管为止。记录最后一次开始过滤时的温度,并记做低温过滤堵塞点。
未处理的燃料和含有1500ppm的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物溶液作为唯一添加剂的燃料的CFPP值为-1℃。
将下列市场上可买到的不同量的蜡加入含有乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的燃料中。
蜡标记
A    阿斯托(Astor)化学蜡A
B    壳牌(Shell)蜡130/135
C    壳牌(Shell)蜡125/130
D    阿斯托(Astor)化学蜡B
这些蜡的正构烷烃分布如下:
碳原子数    A    B    C    D
17
18
19
20    0.194    0.028    0.230
21    1.220    0.245    1.155    0.031
22    4.120    1.309    2.733    0.094
23    7.940    3.750    5.771    0.258
24    11.760    7.118    9.095    0.570
25    12.490    8.370    10.300    0.970
26    12.650    9.996    11.052    1.606
27    10.730    8.847    9.998    2.530
碳原子数    A    B    C    D
28    8.460    8.083    8.521    3.930
29    6.300    6.769    6.762    6.470
30    3.560    5.703    4.055    8.760
31    1.840    4.343    1.944    10.290
32    1.104    3.533    0.849    9.280
33    0.603    2.520    0.377    7.770
34    0.384    1.788    0.203    5.790
35    0.320    1.093    0.175    4.450
36    0.225    0.655    0.093    3.390
37    0.361    0.102    2.650
38    0.190    0.054    1.680
39    0.078    1.390
40    0.044    1.090
41    0.730
42    0.560
43    0.320
44    0.200
处理过的燃料的CFPP试验得到如下的结果:
使用的蜡    使用量Wt%    CFPP值
(基于燃料油)    ℃
A    0.1    -3
0.3    -5
0.5    -11
B    0.1    -3
0.3    -7
0.5    -10
C    0.1    -2
0.3    -9
0.5    -12
D    0.1    0
0.3    -1
0.5    -1
每种蜡作为唯一添加剂使用,对CFPP性能无影响。
实施例2
由中国原油得到的浊点为+6℃的高含蜡馏分燃料油有下列ASTMD-86特性:
初馏点    212.8℃
5%    234.8℃
10%    243.8℃
20%    255.8℃
30%    263.4℃
40%    279.1℃
50%    288.8℃
60%    298.6℃
70%    303.3℃
80%    321.0℃
90%    334.8℃
95%    343.8℃
终馏点    361.0℃
并且浊点以下10℃时含蜡量约为8Wt%。向该馏分燃料油中添加7%(体积)的减压瓦斯油(VGO),该减压瓦斯油的正构烷烃基本上为C25~C35并有下列ASTM D-86蒸馏特性:
初馏点    252.0℃
10%    301.5℃
50%    358.0℃
90%    435.0℃
终馏点    480.0℃
燃料油和减压瓦斯油的正构烷烃分布如下:
燃料油    VGO
C120.71
C131.08
C141.80
C152.59
C162.25
C182.53 0.40
C192.37 0.81
C202.19 1.81
C212.12 2.59
C221.70 3.74
C230.97 4.39
C240.43 4.29
C250.18 3.94
C260.08 3.24
C270.03 2.36
C280.02 1.95
C290.01 1.02
C300.003 0.73
C310.44
C320.26
C330.15
C340.14
C350.09
C360.03
C370.05
C380.02
基础燃料油含有23.40Wt%的C12和更高级的正构烷烃。
使用上述馏分作为基础燃料制备下列调合物:
A    B
基础燃料Wt%    100    95
减压瓦斯油Wt%    5
调合物的D.86蒸馏特性为:
IBP    212    210
20%    256    258
50%    289    292
90%    335    340
FBP    361    370
添加的C+ 24正构烷烃 - 0.93
对添加剂2的CFPP感受性(℃)
0ppm    +6    +6
1000ppm    +5    +1
含有1250ppm添加剂3-低温过滤堵塞点是-1℃。
实施例3
在该实施例中,在浊点为+3℃的基础燃料油中分别加入具有最高正构烷烃C32,浊点为+12℃的减压瓦斯油(VGO)和浊点为+35℃,正构烷烃最高为C33的裂化重馏分油进行比较,所说的基础燃料油用澳大利亚巴斯斯特雷特(Bass Strait)原油生产,在浊点以下10℃时用蜡沉淀法测得含蜡量为8.8Wt%。
各组分的组成是:
VGO    重裂化油    基础燃料
蒸馏    气相色层法    D.86    D.86
IBP    221    230    224
10%    295    336    247
20%    319    348    256
50%    361    366    276
90%    430    387    316
95%    446    400    325
FBP    491    334
含蜡量Wt%    3.0    15.4    8.8
正构烷烃分布(占燃料的Wt%)
C100.21
C110.41
C120.06 0.83
C130.13 0.03 2.24
C140.27 0.10 3.52
C150.44 0.14 3.75
C160.65 0.17 3.71
C170.87 0.22 3.51
C181.04 0.27 3.26
C191.20 0.53 3.08
C201.46 1.16 2.17
C211.28 2.75 0.96
C221.13 3.50 0.19
C230.88 4.25 0.04
C240.64 7.94 0.01
C250.47 2.87
C260.40 1.76
C270.35 1.08
C280.28 0.48
C290.25 0.24
C300.14 0.09
C310.08 0.04
C320.02 0.01
C33- 0.01
该基础燃料含有27.3Wt%C12和更高级的烷烃。
制备下列调合物:
1    2    3
煤油Wt%    10    10    -
基础燃料Wt%    75    75    100
VGO    wt%    15    -    -
裂化重馏分Wt%    -    15    -
该调合物的D-86蒸馏特性如下:
IBP    201    202    224
20%    250    251    256
50%    279    281    276
90%    335    350    316
FBP    370    391    334
添加的C+ 24正构烷烃 0.39 2.18 -
对下列添加剂的CFPP感受性如下;
添加剂的量    调合物1    调合物2    调合物3
添加剂    添加剂    添加剂    添加剂    添加剂    添加剂
4    5    4    5    4    5
0    ppm    -1    -1    5    5    -3    -3
500ppm    -1    -1    2    -2    -3    -3
1000ppm    -2    -2    -1    -9    -3    -3
1500ppm    -2    -2    -1    -10    -3    -3
实施例4
在该实施例中,在浊点为+7℃的基础燃料中分别加入C32~C33正构烷烃和由中国大庆含蜡原油得到的含有较高级正构烷烃的重瓦斯油物流(HGO-1和HGO-2)进行比较。
这些组分的特性如下:
基础燃料    VGO-A    VGO-B    HGO-1    HGO-2
蒸馏类型    D.86    GC    GC    GC    GC
IBP    194    207    309    159    151
10%    241    270    351    295    278
20%    257    292    368    332    312
50%    289    325    400    397    391
90%    342    380    447    461    485
95%    353    401    460    475    504
FBP    361    449    488    509    544
正构烷烃分布
C100.25
C110.71
C121.45 0.12
C132.10 0.35 0.25
C142.89 1.00 0.23 0.47
C153.22 1.55 0.60 0.81
C163.42 2.68 0.86 1.24
C173.33 3.76 0.64 1.60
C183.14 5.02 1.28 1.74
C192.90 5.23 0.78 2.17 1.85
C202.67 4.16 1.98 2.22 1.97
C212.29 2.95 3.27 2.28 2.15
C221.75 1.92 3.91 3.17 2.17
C231.34 1.46 4.85 3.66 2.16
C240.73 0.87 4.33 3.47 2.00
C250.45 0.74 4.22 3.98 2.19
C260.22 0.44 3.06 3.37 1.84
C270.09 0.30 2.26 3.09 1.78
C280.04 0.19 1.52 2.47 1.54
C290.01 0.11 0.94 1.90 1.37
C300.07 0.55 1.17 1.07
C310.04 0.31 0.83 1.01
C320.01 0.13 0.48 0.78
C330.01 0.10 0.30 0.62
C340.05 0.19 0.47
C350.11 0.42
C360.03 0.24
C370.03 0.21
C380.14
C390.11
C400.07
C410.05
C420.04
C430.03
该基础燃料含32Wt%的C12和更高级的烷烃。
制备下列调合物:
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I
基础燃料(Wt%)    100    97    95    97    95    97    95    97    95
VGO-A(Wt%)    3    5    -    -    -    -    -    -
VGO-B(Wt%)    -    -    3    5    -    -    -    -
HGO-1(Wt%)    -    -    -    -    3    5    -    -
HGO-2(Wt%)    -    -    -    -    -    -    3    5
D.86蒸馏
IBP    194    192    192    194    195    190    189    191    188
20%    257    242    258    258    259    258    258    258    258
50%    289    290    290    292    294    291    293    291    292
90%    342    343    343    346    348    346    348    346    348
FBP    361    361    362    369    375    369    375    369    371
添加的C+ 24正构 - 0.08 0.14 0.52 0.87 0.64 1.07 0.48 0.80
烷烃
当用添加剂2处理时CFPP值是:(℃)
0ppm    +6    +7    +7    +6    +9    +7    +8    +4    +4
1000ppm    +6    +6    +6    +5    +4    0    0    +1    +4
1500pppm    +5    +6    +6    +2    +1    -1    -1    -2    +4
实施例5
该实施例说明用裂化重瓦斯油(HCO)代替常压重瓦斯油(HGO)对流动改进剂的感受性改进情况,基础燃料油1浊点为-1℃,基础燃料油2浊点为-2℃。
所用的各组分的特性如下:
基础燃    重循环    基础燃
料1    HGO    油(HCO)    料2
蒸馏类型    D.86    D.86    D.86    D.86
IBP    226    276    230    220
10%    248    300    336    249
20%    256    310    348    258
50%    272    326    366    276
90%    304    346    400    314
95%    312    350    400    322
FBP    322    360    330
在浊点以下10℃含蜡量    9.9    21.50    15.40
正构烷烃分布
C120.93 0.08 0.70
C132.31 0.25 0.03 1.94
C143.77 0.47 0.10 3.48
C153.13 0.75 0.14 3.85
C163.15 1.15 0.17 3.52
C173.02 1.96 0.22 3.20
C182.66 3.47 0.27 3.11
C192.00 6.02 0.53 3.25
C201.22 8.82 1.16 2.59
C210.44 8.09 2.75 1.59
C220.13 5.35 3.50 0.32
C230.03 2.70 4.25 0.04
C241.30 7.94 0.02
C250.53 2.87
C260.20 1.76
C270.08 1.08
C280.02 0.48
C290.01 0.24
C300.003 0.09
C310.04
C320.01
C330.01
C34
基础燃料1含有22.8Wt%的C12和更高级的正构烷烃,基础燃料2含有27.6Wt%的C12和更高级的正构烷烃。
制备下列调合物:
A    B
基础燃料1Wt%    85    85
HGO    Wt%    15    -
HCO    Wt%    -    15
蒸馏D-86
IBP    227    227
20%    260    260
50%    279    280
90%    318    340
FBP    339    390
添加的C+ 24正构烷烃 0.32 2.18
对添加剂5的CFPP感受性
0    ppm    -2    +3
300    ppm    -    -4
1000    ppm    -2    -9
实施例6
用实施例5的基础燃料2制备下列调合物:
调合物
J    K
煤油    Wt%    15    15
基础燃料    2    Wt%    70    70
HCO    Wt%    -    15
MGO    Wt%    15    -
CFPP感受性
0ppm    1    3
200ppm添加剂4    -    3
1000ppm添加剂4    1    -4
200ppm添加剂6    -    -5
1000ppm添加剂6    1    -8
200ppm添加剂5    -    -5
1000ppm添加剂5    1    -10
添加的C+ 24正构烷烃 0.32 2.18
在该实施例中,指定的添加剂的数量是聚合物的实际用量。
也评价了其他几种市场上买得到的低温流动改进剂的使用效果,结果如下:
所用的活性组    所用的添加剂
分的量ppm    J    K
200    添加剂3    1    -4
1000    添加剂3    1    -10
200    Amoco    2052E    1    -6
1000    Amoco    2042E    1    -9
200    Keroflux    H    1    -4
1000    Keroflux    H    1    -7
200    BASF    CE    5323    1    -6
1000    BASF    CE    5323    1    -8
200    BASF    CE    5486    1    -3
1000    BASF    CE    5486    1    -9
200    Bayer    FI    1814    1    -7
1000    Bayer    FI    1814    1    -9
200    Hoechst    Dodiflow    3592    1    -2
1000    Hoechst    Dodiflow    3592    1    -4
200    Sumitomo    FI    20    1    -5
1000    Sumitomo    FI    20    1    -9
200    Elf    8320    1    0
1000    Elf    8320    1    -5
200    Elf    8327    1    4
1000    Elf    8327    1    1
实施例7
该实施例表示将蜡添加到由中国原油得到的浊点为+5℃的基础馏分燃料中的效果。馏分的D-86蒸馏特性如下:
IBP    205
10%    233
20%    245
50%    278
90%    335
FBP    355
燃料和添加的蜡的正构烷烃分布如下:
正构烷烃    基础燃料    蜡B    蜡E    蜡F    蜡G
C100.36
C111.02
C122.13
C132.89
C142.80
C152.92
C162.81
C172.82
C182.71
C192.53
C202.36 0.03 0.20
C212.02 0.25 0.10 0.14 0.13
C221.56 1.31 0.60 0.87 0.56
C231.19 3.75 3.00 2.83 1.74
C240.63 7.12 8.63 6.15 3.81
C250.39 8.73 13.08 9.66 7.26
C260.19 10.00 15.43 13.44 10.72
C270.08 8.85 12.16 14.47 13.91
C280.04 8.08 9.20 13.92 15.12
C290.01 6.77 6.24 11.17 11.50
C300.004 5.70 4.23 6.65 7.19
C314.34 2.67 3.13 3.12
C323.53 1.62 1.22 1.13
C332.52 1.11 0.43 0.81
C341.79 0.69 0.20 0.50
C351.09 0.39 0.04 0.36
C360.66 0.25 0.05 0.27
C370.36 0.12 0.02 0.19
C380.19 0.14
C390.08 0.10
C400.04 0.07
C41
该基础燃料含有30.1Wt%的C12和更高级的正构烷烃。
制备下列调合物:
添加的蜡    Wt%    Wt%    CFPP改善    CFPP改善
C+ 24添加剂5 用添加剂5 用BASF
5486
500ppm    1000ppm    500ppm    1000pp
无    0    0    0    0    0    0
B    0.30    0.21    0    1    1    8
0.50    0.35    2    5
1.00    0.69    3    8
E    0.30    0.23    0    0
0.50    0.38    2    1
0.75    0.57    2    8
1.00    0.76    5    9
F    0.25    0.2    1    1
0.50    0.4    2    2
0.75    0.6    3    6
G    0.25    0.19    0    1
0.50    0.38    1    4
1.00    0.76    2    7
nC280.30 0.30 2 0
0.50    0.50    3    10
注:在该实施例中,添加剂的量是聚合物的量。

Claims (15)

1、一种液体燃料组合物,(按馏分燃料油的重量计)主要包括馏分燃料,该馏分燃料在浊点以下10℃时含有4~10%的蜡并基本上不含大于正三十烷的烷烃;0.001~2.0%的低温流动改进剂和添加的正构烷烃以提供C24和更高级烷烃的量大于0.35%。
2、根据权利要求1的组合物,其中馏分燃料在浊点以下10℃时含约8Wt%的蜡。
3、根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中流动改进剂的用量是馏分燃料重量的0.005~0.2Wt%。
4、根据前述任一权利要求的组合物,其中添加的正构烷烃的碳原子数分布为20~40。
5、根据前述任一权利要求的组合物,其中加到馏分燃料中的C24和更高级正构烷烃的量大于馏分燃料量的0.5Wt%。
6、根据前述任一权利要求的组合物,其中通过调合馏分油与减压瓦斯油或常压重瓦斯油而加入正构烷烃。
7、根据权利要求6的组合物,其中减压瓦斯油或常压重瓦斯油的用量为5~10Wt%。
8、根据权利要求6或7的组合物,其中减压瓦斯油包括基本上为C25~C35的正构烷烃。
9、根据权利要求6或7的组合物,其中常压重瓦斯油包括基本上为C14~C37的正构烷烃。
10、根据前述的任一权利要求的组合物,其中燃料油的终馏点低于370℃。
11、馏分燃料油低温流动改进剂的应用,该馏分燃料油在浊点以下10℃时含有4~10Wt%的蜡,并含不大于正三十烷的正构烷烃混合物,低温流动改进剂提供至少燃料油的0.35Wt%的C24和更高级的烷烃。
12、根据权利要求11的应用,低温流动改进剂提供至少0.5Wt%的C24和更高级烷烃。
13、根据权利要求11或12的应用,其中添加的蜡作为减压瓦斯油和重瓦斯油中的一个组分。
14、根据权利要求11~13的任一权利要求的应用,其中蜡含有20~40个碳原子。
15、一种液体燃料组合物,(按馏分燃料油的重量计)主要包括馏分燃料,该馏分燃料在浊点以下10℃时含有5~10%的蜡,并基本上不含大于正三十烷的烷烃;0.001~2.0%的乙烯和烯的不饱和单体的共聚物;并含有5~10%的减压瓦斯油或常压重瓦斯油的共聚物(按馏分燃料的体积计)。
CN87102962A 1986-03-18 1987-03-17 液体燃料组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1024014C (zh)

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