CN1929819A - 递送活性剂的快速溶解膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了一种快速溶解膜,用于将活性剂递送至湿润体表如粘膜组织。该膜包含成膜粘合剂、快速溶解聚合物材料和活性剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明广泛地涉及快速溶解膜。更具体说,本发明涉及用作活性剂递送系统的膜,其中,局部、透皮或透粘膜给予活性剂。
背景
已设计了许多系统,将活性剂递送至湿润环境如口腔。与片剂、胶囊和必须吞咽的其它剂型相比,特别是当患者群体包括儿童、老人或其它吞咽困难的患者时,这些系统尤其理想。
如Kim等的美国专利6,750,921所述,采用成膜剂生产经皮或透皮应用的药物递送制剂,但必须包含粘合剂组合物以使药剂保留在原位足够长时间有效缓释活性成分。
Zhang等的美国专利6,264,891描述了可配制成口服透粘膜贴片、锭剂或糖锭、棒棒糖或口香糖的系统。但是,这些系统需要在口中较长时间,常常不理想或不实用。
Tapolsky等在美国专利5,800,832中描述了生物溶蚀膜。该膜具有粘性层和非粘性背衬层,用于粘附粘膜表面。Biegajski等在美国专利5,700,478中描述了适用于粘膜系体腔的水溶性压敏型粘膜粘合剂。
最近,开发了快速溶解膜。这些包括用于粘附口腔粘膜的即时润湿粘膜粘合膜,如Zerbe等的美国专利5,948,430和6,709,671所述。Leung等的美国专利6,596,298描述了快速溶解口服消耗膜,它由成膜聚合物,优选支链淀粉制成,用于递送抗微生物剂和其它活性剂。干燥时膜无粘性,但是,一施加于粘膜组织就变粘。然而,不总是需要粘膜粘合剂,因为适当应用膜的困难降低了患者顺应性。
另一方面,美国专利申请US 2002/0131990 A1描述了不含支链淀粉的食用膜,指出支链淀粉昂贵和不易获得。
最近开发了一种方法,用于调整在许多应用(包括药物和化妆品)中采用的聚合物组合物的粘合特性。该方法基于对粘合性分子机制的新发现。例如,参见Feldstein等(1999)Polym.Mater.Sci.Eng,81:465-466;Feldstein等,亲水压敏型粘合剂分子设计的一般方法(General approach to the molecular design of hydrophilicpressure-sensitive adhesives),粘合剂协会第25次年会及第2届世界粘合剂与相关现象的大会(Proceed.25th Annual Meeting Adhesion Soc.and 2th World Congress onAdhesion and Relative Phenomena),2002年2月,Orlando,FL,第1卷(口服制剂)(OralPresentations),第292-294页;和Chalykh等(2002)J.Adhesion 78(8):667-694。如上所述,由两种明显不相容的分子结构类型偶联得到压敏型粘合剂,强粘合相互作用能和提高的“自由体积”之间存在良好平衡。
即,PSA(压敏型粘合剂)聚合物组合物的分子结构中提高的自由体积与宏观水平上显示的高粘性和PSA材料的液体样流动性有关,这又使粘合键快速形成。“粘合相互作用能”或“粘合能”限定了PSA组合物的粘合韧性,并在粘合连接失败过程中消散脱离能。基于这些发现,开发了获得新型亲水粘合剂的一般方法,如Feldstein等的美国专利6,576,712所述。在一个实施方式中,该方法包括将非粘合性亲水高分子量聚合物与能够通过氢键与该聚合物交联的较低分子量增塑剂物理混合。
虽然本领域取得了一些进展,仍然需要快速溶解膜,它具有显著的载药容量,易于操作,口中或其它润湿体位中快速溶解,立刻释放药物,并能够提供各种活性剂的缓释或控释。
发明概述
本发明通过提供符合上文列出的理想标准的快速溶解膜,解决了本领域中的上述需要。在一个实施方式中,本发明提供:
将活性剂给予体表的膜,该膜包含:
(a)含亲水聚合物的成膜粘合剂;
(b)快速溶解聚合物材料;和
(c)有效量的活性剂,
其中,将膜施加于湿润体表后,约10分钟内所述成膜粘合剂和快速溶解材料有效促进膜的溶解。
储存期间和应用之前优选膜无粘性,从而易于从任何包装中揭下,置于活性剂递送区域中,例如舌下。通常选择组分的比例以使膜不具有粘膜粘合性,即膜不能粘附于粘膜表面。快速溶解作用也可用于防止对放置膜的体表的粘合。
将膜施加于体表之后,膜在湿润环境中快速溶解,从而促进活性剂的快速释放。“快速溶解”指施加后膜通常在小于约10分钟内溶解,通常至少5秒,优选至少30秒。由于活性剂与膜的紧密结合,在优选的实施方式中,活性剂也被快速递送。
发明详述
在详细描述本发明之前,应理解除非另有所述,本发明不限于具体的材料或制造方法,它们可以变化。也应理解本文所用的术语目的是仅用于描述具体的实施方式,而非限制。必须注意在本说明书和附带权利要求书中,除非文中有明确说明,所述英文单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数。因此,例如“亲水聚合物”不仅包括一种亲水聚合物,也包括两种或多种不同亲水聚合物的组合或混合物,对于“快速溶解材料”包括两种或多种不同快速溶解材料的组合或混合物以及一种快速溶解材料等。
在本发明说明书和权利要求书中,按照以下所述的定义使用以下术语。
“疏水”和“亲水”聚合物的定义是基于在100%相对湿度下聚合物所吸收的水蒸汽量来确定的。按照这种分类,疏水聚合物在100%相对湿度(“rh”)下只能吸收至多1重量%水,而中等亲水的聚合物可吸收1-10重量%水,亲水聚合物能吸收10重量%以上的水,而吸湿聚合物吸收20%以上的水。“水可溶胀的”聚合物是当浸泡在水性介质中时所吸收的水量大于其本身重量至少25重量%,较好是至少其本身重量50重量%水的聚合物。
术语“非共价”键包括氢键、静电(离子)键、或任何其它弱相互作用如范德华力和疏水相互作用。
术语“聚合物”或“聚合材料”包括线型和支链聚合物结构,也包括交联的聚合物以及共聚物(可以是交联或不交联的),因此包括嵌段共聚物、交替共聚物、无规共聚物等。那些在本文中称为“低聚物”的化合物是分子量低于约1000Da,较好是低于约800Da的聚合物。
术语“活性剂”、“药理活性剂”和“药物”在本文中可以互换使用,指能诱导所需的药理学、生理学作用的化学物质或化合物,包括治疗有效、预防有效或药用化妆品上有效的制剂。这些术语还包括本文具体提到的活性剂的药学上可接受的、药理活性的衍生物和类似物,包括但不限于:它们的盐、酯、酰胺、前药、活性代谢产物、包含体复合物、类似物等。当使用术语“活性剂”、“药理活性剂”和“药物”时,应理解包括该活性剂本身以及其药学上可接受的、药理学活性的盐、酯、酰胺、前药、活性代谢产物、包含体复合物、类似物等。
术语活性剂的“有效量”指无毒性但足以提供所需疗效的活性剂的量。术语药物或药理活性剂的“有效量”或“治疗有效量”意指无毒性但足以提供所需治疗作用的药物或药理活性剂的量。“有效量”对于各对象可以不同,取决于个体的年龄和总体状况、具体的活性剂或药剂等等。因此,不一定总是能够确定精确的“有效量”。然而,本领域普通技术人员可利用常规实验来确定任何个体病例中的合适的“有效量”。此外,加入到本发明组合物或剂型中的活性剂的精确“有效量”不是关键性的,只要其浓度在足以能使该制剂容易施用的范围内,以递送治疗有效量的活性剂。
术语“治疗”和“处理”在这里指降低症状严重性和/或频率、消除症状和/或潜在的原因、防止症状和/或潜在原因的发生,以及改善或治疗损伤。
术语“表面”用在“粘膜”表面或“体表”意指包括体表如皮肤、指甲和粘膜组织(如,舌下、颊、阴道、直肠、尿道),以及口腔内和口腔周围表面(如,牙齿、唇、牙龈、粘膜),以及各种皮肤伤口的表面。
“透粘膜的”药物递送指将药物给予个体的粘膜表面(例如,舌下、颊和其它口腔组织;阴道、直肠、眼睛、胃肠道和尿道组织),以使药物穿过粘膜组织并进入个体血流中,从而提供全身性作用。术语“透粘膜的”也包括局部作用,因而包括例如在治疗各种粘膜疾病中将药剂局部递送至粘膜,以提供局部作用。
术语“粘性”和“粘着性”是定性的。但是在本文中,术语“基本上不粘着”、“稍粘着”和“粘着”可以用PKI或TRBT粘性测定法(如下所述)测得的值来定量。“基本上不粘着”指组合物的粘性值小于约25g-cm/秒,“稍粘着”指组合物的粘性值约为25到100g-cm/秒;“粘着”指组合物的粘性值至少为100g-cm/秒。
术语“增塑剂”采用该术语的常规意义,指与聚合物或聚合物掺混物混溶且可降低其玻璃态转变温度和弹性模量的较低分子量的化合物。
术语“局部”指紧靠着应用部位内的作用,或更具体地指邻近应用部位相同组织的区域内的作用。局部应用的本发明组合物将保留在组合物扩散性质所确定的应用部位的距离范围内。
术语“全身”指随着循环系统的转运,远至应用部位远端且包括整个机体的区域内的作用。
本发明快速溶解膜组合物意在可提供足够湿度以溶解膜的任何机体环境中使用,可作为药物组合物用于治疗多种病症、疾病或其它不利生理状态。膜具有快速溶解和包含在其中的活性剂的作用。合适的湿润机体环境示例性而非限制性地包括,具有粘膜组织如口腔、阴道、尿道、眼睛、胃肠道和直肠的环境。也可应用外部润湿的皮肤或体被。由于膜快速溶解在水性环境中,由穿过体表的透粘膜递送可实现药物的递送。虽然最典型的是局部递送,本发明也考虑全身性递送,例如口腔放置快速溶解膜,膜溶解且药物释放后产生全身性递送,其中的一些可吞咽。
膜包含成膜粘合剂、有效量的活性剂和快速溶解聚合物材料。成膜粘合剂包括亲水聚合物,可与或不可与活性剂非共价结合。成膜粘合剂也可以是亲水聚合物和能够与亲水聚合物氢键键合的互补低聚物的掺混物。
应用期间优选膜无粘性以便于从包装材料揭下并置于指定区域内,例如舌下。在一个实施方式中,选择组分比例,以使膜不具有粘膜粘合性,即不粘着于任何粘膜表面。此外,快速溶解作用也可用于防止粘着的发生。
将膜施加于湿润体表之后,随着膜的溶解,成膜粘合剂和快速溶解材料的组合可有效促进活性剂在约10分钟内释放。膜在湿润环境中快速溶解,用于递送各种活性剂,治疗需要产生即时药理学活性的适应症。术语“快速”指施加后膜在小于约10分钟内溶解,优选施加后约5秒-10分钟,最优选施加后约30秒-10分钟。膜被设计成在膜溶解的时间框架内释放活性剂。在一个实施方式中,置于湿润环境如口腔内之后,约30秒-10分钟内膜开始释放药物。在其它实施方式中,给药后小于约30秒内膜释放药物。
成膜粘合剂由亲水聚合物或亲水聚合物与增塑剂的掺混物构成,例如能够与亲水聚合物非共价键合和任选地能够与亲水聚合物离子或共价键合的互补低聚物。亲水聚合物通常是较高分子量的聚合物,增塑剂通常是显著较低分子量的低聚物。虽然不需要互补低聚物,但包含互补低聚物可促进膜性质的精确调整。当存在互补低聚物时,亲水聚合物与互补低聚物的重量比约为10∶1到1∶10,优选约为1.5∶1到3∶1,最优选约为2∶1。
合适的亲水聚合物包括衍生自N-乙烯基内酰胺单体、羧基乙烯基单体、乙烯基酯单体、羧基乙烯基单体的酯、乙烯基酰胺单体和羟基乙烯基单体中的一个或多个单体的重复单元。这种聚合物示例性地包括:聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基丙烯酰胺)、聚(N-烷基丙烯酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基乙酰胺)、取代和未取代的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸聚合物(例如,聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯基胺、其共聚物以及它们与其它类型的亲水单体(例如,乙酸乙烯酯)的共聚物。
本文所用的聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)优选是N-乙烯基内酰胺单体单元的非交联均聚物,其中,N-乙烯基内酰胺单体单元代表聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)共聚物的总单体单元的大部分。用于本发明的优选聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)通过一种或多种以下N-乙烯基内酰胺单体的聚合来制备:N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-2-戊内酰胺和N-乙烯基-2-己内酰胺。与N-乙烯基内酰胺单体单元一起使用的非-N-乙烯基内酰胺共聚单体的非限制性例子包括:N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸或其盐以及乙酸乙烯酯。聚(N-烷基丙烯酰胺)包括例如聚(甲基丙烯酰胺)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)。
羧基乙烯基单体的聚合物通常由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、衣康酸和酐、1,2-二羧酸如马来酸或富马酸、马来酸酐或它们的混合物形成,这一类中优选的亲水聚合物包括聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸,最优选聚丙烯酸。
本文优选的亲水聚合物如下:聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺),尤其是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)和聚乙烯基己内酰胺(PVCap);聚(N-乙烯基乙酰胺),尤其是聚乙酰胺本身;羧基乙烯基单体的聚合物,尤其是聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸,其共聚物和掺混物。尤其优选PVP和PVCap。
所述亲水聚合物的分子量并不关键;但是,该亲水聚合物的数均分子量通常约为100000-2000000,更典型地约为500000-1500000。
所述亲水聚合物可与有效增塑聚合物的化合物组合。合适的增塑剂的例子包括但不限于:烷基磷酸酯和芳基磷酸酯,例如磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三甲苯酯和磷酸三苯酯;柠檬酸烷基酯和柠檬酸酯如柠檬酸三甲酯、柠檬酸三乙酯和乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸三己酯;甘油酸烷基酯(alkyl glycerolate)、葡糖酸烷基酯、己二酸二烷基酯如己二酸二辛酯(DOA,也称为己二酸二(2-乙基己酯))、己二酸二乙酯、己二酸二(2-甲基乙酯)和己二酸二己酯;邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸二环烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸二芳基酯及混合的邻苯二甲酸烷基芳基酯,包括邻苯二甲酸酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己酯)、邻苯二甲酸二异丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯;癸二酸二烷基酯如癸二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二丙酯、癸二酸二丁酯和癸二酸二壬酯;琥珀酸二烷基酯如琥珀酸二乙酯和琥珀酸二丁酯;酒石酸二烷基酯,如酒石酸二乙酯和酒石酸二丁酯;乙二醇酯和甘油酯,如二乙酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯(三醋精)、单乳酸二乙酸甘油酯、甲基邻苯二甲酰基乙醇酸乙酯、丁基邻苯二甲酰基乙醇酸丁酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙二醇二丁酸酯、三乙二醇二乙酸酯、三乙二醇二丁酸酯和三乙二醇二丙酸酯;亲水表面活性剂,优选是亲水非离子表面活性剂,如糖的部分脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪醇醚和聚乙二醇山梨糖醇-脂肪酸酯,以及非离子表面活性剂如乙基溶纤剂;乙醇到辛醇的低级醇;山梨糖醇;酒石酸酯如酒石酸二丁酯;以及它们的混合物。
与本发明联用的优选的增塑剂是与成膜粘合剂“互补”的双官能团低聚物,如上述Feldstein等的美国专利6,576,712所述。优选地,互补低聚物末端为羟基、氨基或羧基。低聚物的玻璃态转变温度Tg通常约为-100℃到-30℃,熔点Tm低于约20℃。所述低聚物也可以是无定形的。成膜粘合剂与互补低聚物的Tg值之间的差异优选大于约50℃,更优选大于约100℃,最优选约为150-300℃。通常,低聚物的分子量约为45-800,优选约为45-600。合适的低聚物的例子包括但不限于:低分子量的多元醇(例如,甘油);低聚亚烷基二醇,如乙二醇和丙二醇;醚醇类(例如,乙二醇醚);来自丁二醇到辛二醇的烷基二醇,包括聚亚烷基二醇的羧基末端和氨基末端的衍生物。本文优选含羧基末端的聚亚烷基二醇,分子量约为300-600的聚乙二醇是最佳的互补低聚物。
本发明膜还可包含两种或多种增塑剂的组合,例如柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸三丁酯,柠檬酸三乙酯和聚乙二醇400,聚乙二醇400和邻苯二甲酸盐二辛酯等等。
膜还可包含至少一种快速溶解聚合物材料。示例性材料包括水溶性糖、半合成和合成的聚合物以及市售崩解剂。
合适的快速溶解糖为药学上可接受的单糖、双糖、多糖和糖醇。单糖的例子包括:阿拉伯糖、赤藓糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和葡萄糖一水合物、D-甘露糖、核糖、核酮糖、山梨糖、苏糖和木糖。双糖的例子包括:拉克替醇(lactitol)、乳糖、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糖、麦芽酮糖、蔗糖和海藻糖。多糖的例子包括:支链淀粉、直链淀粉、壳多糖、葡聚糖、葡萄糖醛(glucuronan)、果聚糖、甘露聚糖、麦芽糊精和果胶。糖醇的例子包括:赤藓糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖、拉克替醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇和木糖醇。
尤其感兴趣的是麦芽糊精,它是糖的掺混物,通常包含单糖、双糖、三糖和更长的多糖(50%及以上较长链的多糖)。多糖的链长影响水溶性(即较长链的分子水溶性低)和成膜能力(较长链的分子成膜更有效)。因此,可选择麦芽糊精,多糖的比例使其作为本发明膜中采用的快速溶解材料的效用最优化。
适合作为快速溶解材料的市售聚合物包括分子量约为1,000-300,000的纤维素衍生物。纤维素衍生物的例子包括甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。
其它快速溶解聚合物包括:聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物,例如BASF AG(德国)销售的Kollicoat-IR和Rohm Pharma(德国)销售的Eudragit RD100,以及Eudragit家族丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物和三聚物中的pH-敏感型快速溶解聚合物。
本发明单层膜可容纳载药量至多约300毫克/平方厘米的活性剂,但通常包含约100-200毫克/平方厘米的活性剂。在一个优选的实施方式中,膜可容纳的载药量约为10-200毫克/平方厘米。最佳地,载药量约为1-100毫克/平方厘米。
在一个实施方式中,活性剂易溶于快速溶解膜中。然而,对于溶解性较差的药物,可加入表面活性剂来改善药物的溶解性。在其它实施方式中,例如对于不溶或高分子量药剂,该药剂可包含入离散颗粒如控释颗粒中,分散在整个膜中。
可掺入本发明膜中和全身性递送(例如,适用于药物全身性给药的透皮、口服或其它剂型)的合适的活性剂包括但不限于:苏醒药;镇痛药;麻醉药;抗关节炎药;呼吸药物,包括平喘药;抗癌药,包括抗肿瘤药;抗胆碱能药;抗惊厥药;抗抑郁药;抗糖尿病药;止泻药;抗蠕虫药;抗组胺药;抗高脂血症药;抗高血压药;抗感染药如抗生素和抗病毒药;抗炎药;抗偏头痛药;止恶心药;抗帕金森病药;止痒药;抗精神病药;退热药;解痉药;抗结核病药;抗溃疡药;抗病毒药;抗焦虑药;食欲抑制剂;注意缺陷障碍(ADD)和注意缺陷障碍伴多动(ADHD)药物;心血管制剂包括钙通道阻滞剂、抗心绞痛药、中枢神经系统(CNS)药、β-阻滞剂和抗心律不齐药;中枢神经系统兴奋药;咳嗽和感冒制剂,包括解充血药;利尿药;遗传物质;草药;激素溶解药(hormonolytics);安眠药;降血糖药;免疫抑制剂;白三烯抑制剂;有丝分裂抑制剂;肌松药;麻醉拮抗剂;尼古丁;营养剂,例如维生素、必需氨基酸和脂肪酸;眼用药物如抗青光眼药物;副交感神经阻滞药;肽药物;精神兴奋药;镇静药;类固醇,包括孕激素、雌激素、皮质激素、雄激素和蛋白同化药物;戒烟药物;拟交感神经药;安定药;以及血管扩张剂,包括总冠状动脉、外周和脑血管扩张剂。本发明粘合剂组合物可采用的具体活性剂非限制性地包括:毒藜碱、辣椒碱、硝酸异山梨酯、氨基斯的明、硝酸甘油、维拉帕米、普萘洛尔、silabolin、foridone、可乐定、野靛碱、溴氯苯基二氢苯并二氮杂酮(phenazepam)、硝苯地平、三氟丙嗪和沙丁胺醇。
对于局部给药,合适的活性剂示例性地包括以下药物:
抑菌剂和杀菌剂:合适的抑菌剂和杀菌剂示例性地包括:卤素化合物如碘、碘代聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复合物(即PVP和碘的复合物,也称为“聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘”,以商品名Betadine购自Purdue Frederick)、碘化盐、氯胺、氯己定和次氯酸钠;银和含银化合物,例如磺胺嘧啶、乙酰鞣酸蛋白银(silver protein acetyltannate)、硝酸银、醋酸银、乳酸银、硫酸银和氯化银;有机锡化合物,例如苯甲酸三-n-丁锡酯;锌和锌盐;氧化剂,例如过氧化氢和高锰酸钾;芳基汞化合物,例如硼酸苯汞或汞溴红;烷基汞化合物,例如硫柳汞;苯酚,例如麝香草酚、邻苯基苯酚、2-苄基-4-氯苯酚、六氯酚和己雷琐辛;以及有机氮化合物,例如8-羟基喹啉、氯喹那多、氯碘羟喹、依沙吖啶、海克替啶、氯己定和安巴腙。
抗生素:合适的抗生素包括但不限于:林可霉素类抗生素(指来源于林肯链霉菌的一类抗生素)、四环素类抗生素(指来源于金黄色链霉菌的一类抗生素)和硫基抗生素,即磺胺类药物。林可霉素类抗生素的例子包括:林可霉素本身(6,8-二脱氧-6-[[(1-甲基-4-丙基-2-吡咯烷基)-羰基]氨基]-1-硫代-L-苏-α-D-半乳辛基吡喃糖苷)、克林霉素、林可霉素的7-脱氧,7-氯代衍生物(即7-氯代-6,7,8-三脱氧-6-[[(1-甲基-4-丙基-2-吡咯烷基)羰基]氨基-1-硫代-L-苏-α-D-半乳-辛基吡喃糖苷]、所述相关化合物,例如美国专利3,475,407、3,509,127、3,544,551和3,513,155所述,及其药学上可接受的盐和酯。四环素类抗生素的例子包括:四环素本身、4-(二甲基氨基)-1,4,4α,5,5α,6,11,12α-八氢-3,6,12,12α-五羟基-6-甲基-1,11-二氧代-2-萘并萘羧酰胺)、金霉素、土霉素、四环素、地美环素、罗利环素、美他环素和多西环素及其药学上可接受的盐和酯,尤其是酸加成物如盐酸盐。示例性硫基抗生素包括但不限于:磺胺类药物,磺胺醋酰、磺胺苯酰、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲二唑、磺胺甲唑,及其药学上可接受的盐和酯如磺胺醋酰钠。
疼痛缓解剂:合适的疼痛缓解剂是局部麻醉药,包括但不限于:醋胺丁香酚、阿法多龙醋酸酯、阿法沙龙、阿莫卡因(amucaine)、阿莫拉酮、阿米卡因、丁氧普鲁卡因(benoxinate)、贝托卡因、苯柳胺酯、布比卡因、burethamine、布他卡因、butaben、布坦卡因、丁硫妥(buthalital)、丁氧卡因、卡替卡因、2-氯普鲁卡因、辛可卡因、可卡乙碱(cocaethylene)、可卡因、环美卡因、辛可卡因、二甲异喹、二甲卡因、地哌冬、达克罗宁、去水芽子碱、芽子碱(ecgonine)、氨基苯甲酸乙酯、氯乙烷、依替卡因、乙苯啶、p-优卡因、尤普罗辛、非那可明、福莫卡因、海索比妥、海克卡因、羟孕二酮、羟普鲁卡因、羟丁卡因、对氨苯酸异丁酯、凯他胺(kentamine)、甲磺酸亮氨卡因、左沙屈尔、利多卡因、甲哌卡因、美普卡因、间丁氧卡因、美索比妥、甲基氯、咪达唑仑、麦替卡因、纳依卡因、奥他卡因、奥索卡因、奥昔卡因、对乙氧卡因、非那卡因、苯环利定、苯酚、哌罗卡因、匹多卡因、聚乙二醇单十二醚、丙吗卡因、丙胺卡因、普鲁卡因、丙泮尼地、丙泮卡因、丙美卡因、丙哌卡因、丙泊酚、丙氧卡因、假可卡因、吡咯卡因、利索卡因、邻羟苯甲醇、丁卡因、硫烯比妥、thimylal、硫仲丁巴比妥、硫喷妥、托利卡因、三甲卡因、佐拉敏以及它们的组合。丁卡因、利多卡因和丙胺卡因是本文优选的疼痛缓解剂。
可采用膜作为药物递送系统来递送的其它局部用药物包括:抗真菌剂,例如十一烯酸、托萘酯、咪康唑、灰黄霉素、酮康唑、环吡酮、克霉唑和氯二甲酚;角质层分离剂,例如,水杨酸、乳酸和脲;起泡药(vessicants),例如斑蝥素;抗痤疮药如有机过氧化物(例如,过氧化苯甲酰)、维甲酸类(例如,维A酸、阿达帕林和他扎罗汀)、磺胺类药物(例如,磺胺醋酰钠)、间苯二酚、皮质激素(例如,曲安西龙)、α羟基酸(例如,乳酸和乙醇酸,)、α-酮酸(例如,乙醛酸),以及特别指定用于治疗痤疮的抗菌剂,包括壬二酸、克林霉素、红霉素、甲氯环素、米诺环素、那氟沙星、头孢氨苄、多西环素和氧氟沙星;皮肤淡化和漂白剂,例如氢醌、曲酸、乙醇酸和其它α-羟基酸、桂木黄素和某些有机过氧化物;治疗疣的药剂,包括水杨酸、咪喹莫特、二硝基氯苯、斯夸酸二丁酯、鬼臼树脂、鬼臼毒素、斑蝥素、三氯醋酸、博来霉素、西多福韦、阿德福韦及其类似物;和抗炎药,例如皮质激素和非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),NSAID包括酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、萘普生、非诺洛芬、苯洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、奥沙普秦、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬、阿明洛芬、布替布芬、芬布芬和噻洛芬酸。
对于伤口敷料,合适的活性剂是那些用于治疗伤口的活性剂,包括但不限于:抑菌剂和杀菌剂、抗生素、疼痛缓解剂、血管扩张剂、组织愈合增强剂、氨基酸、蛋白质、蛋白水解酶、细胞因子和多肽生长因子。
膜还可包含任何药物活性剂,用于治疗涉及牙齿和牙周组织、粘膜组织的局部生理状态以及需要全身性给药的状况。活性剂可以是任何物质,从组合物中释放,治疗不良的生理状态。
适合用于穿过阴道组织的透粘膜递送包括女性避孕或抗生素局部给药。涉及直肠组织治疗的状况包括痔疮,可通过穿过结肠组织的透粘膜递送来治疗的状况包括疼痛控制和栓剂止吐。
涉及采用本发明膜透粘膜给药的其它应用包括治疗需要立即缓解的状况。这种应用包括:用α肾上腺素能药如肾上腺素治疗过敏性休克;用抗组胺药治疗过敏;用抗高血压药治疗高血压;用舒马普坦、zomatriptan、5HT阻断剂等治疗偏头痛;用止咳药和镇咳药如右美沙芬缓解咳嗽;用α肾上腺素能药治疗男性勃起功能障碍;用镇吐药治疗恶心;用β阻滞剂如普萘洛尔治疗急性焦虑;用麻醉剂提供局部麻醉;用止痛剂如芬太尼治疗疼痛;以及治疗药物如尼古丁、咖啡因和阿片的成瘾性。
适合用本发明膜口腔护理治疗的涉及牙齿和牙周组织的不良生理状态包括:口臭;龈炎;牙周和口腔感染、牙周病损、龋齿或蛀牙、根除产生牙菌斑的微生物、牙龈炎以及其它牙周疾病,包括给予抗菌剂和抗微生物剂、口腔清新剂等。此外,本发明还可用于治疗食管及周围组织的疾病,例如治疗肠胃炎和反射性食管炎。
可采用本发明膜给予的合适的牙齿脱敏剂包括硝酸钾和氯化锶。合适的含氟防龋齿药包括氟化钠、氟化钾和氟化铵。可采用本发明膜给予的防牙垢/防结石剂的例子包括:磷酸盐,如焦磷酸盐、多磷酸盐、聚膦酸酯(例如,乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸酯、1-氮杂环庚烷-1,1-二膦酸酯和直链烷基二膦酸酯)及其盐;直链羧酸;柠檬酸锌钠以及它们的混合物。优选的焦磷酸盐是焦磷酸二碱金属盐、焦磷酸四碱金属盐;以及焦磷酸二氢二钠(Na2H2P2O7)的水合或未水合形式、焦磷酸四钠(Na4P2O7)和焦磷酸四钾(K4P2O7)。焦磷酸盐更详细的描述参见Krik和《临床技术百科全书》(Othmer,Encyclopedia of clinical Technology),第三版,17卷,Wiley-Interscience Publishers(1982)所述。也可包含牙垢溶解剂如甜菜碱、胺氧化物和季铵盐,如Zofchak的美国专利6315991所述。
采用本发明膜也可递送能够抑制牙菌斑、结石或龋齿形成的酶类药物。合适的酶包括但不限于:能分解吸附在牙齿表面上形成表膜的唾液蛋白或第一层牙菌斑的蛋白酶;通过裂解形成细菌细胞壁和膜结构组分的蛋白质和脂质来破坏细菌的脂酶;葡聚糖酶,葡聚糖水解酶,内切糖苷酶,和能破坏形成细菌粘附于牙齿的基质的细菌骨架结构的粘蛋白酶,以及防止分解结合钙的碳水化合物-蛋白质复合物而产生结石的淀粉酶。优选的酶包括任何市售的蛋白酶、葡聚糖酶、葡聚糖水解酶、内切糖苷酶、淀粉酶、突变酶(mutanase)、脂酶、粘蛋白酶以及它们的相容性混合物。
用于局部递送至牙齿和牙周组织的合适的营养补充剂包括维生素(例如,维生素C和D、硫胺、核黄素、泛酸钙、烟酸、叶酸、烟酰胺、吡哆醇、氰钴胺、对-氨基苯甲酸和生物黄酮类);和矿物质(例如,钙、磷、氟化物、锌、锰和钾);以及它们的混合物。在《药物事实与比较》(Drug Facts and Comparisons)(活页药物信息服务),Wolters Kluer Company,St.Louis,Mo.,1997,第3-17页中公开了本发明所用的维生素和矿物质。
膜还可包含任何美容活性剂,以使牙齿或牙周组织的外表产生所需的改变,赋予使用者社交所需特征,例如清新口气。例如,美容活性剂可以是口气清新剂或增白或漂白牙齿的试剂。牙齿增白剂的例子包括:过氧化物,例如过氧化氢、过氧化钙、过氧化脲;以及有机过氧化物,例如二烷基过氧化物,如过氧化叔丁基和2,2-二(叔丁基过氧)丙烷,二酰基过氧化物如过氧化苯甲酰和过氧化乙酰,过酸酯如过苯甲酸叔丁酯和过-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯,过二碳酸酯如过氧二碳酸联(十六烷基)酯和过氧二碳酸二环己酯,过氧化酮如过氧化环己酮和过氧化甲乙酮,以及氢过氧化物如氢过氧化枯烯和氢过氧化叔丁酯;金属亚氯酸盐,例如亚氯酸钙、亚氯酸钡、亚氯酸镁、亚氯酸锂、亚氯酸钠和亚氯酸钾;次氯酸盐和二氧化氯;过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸以及它们的组合。膜中可包含其它增白剂。例如,也可存在表面活性剂如去污剂,与上述增白剂一起起效,提供给牙齿更亮的外观。为了优化增白而不使牙齿脱矿化,膜中可包含钙和/或氟化盐。
对于一些活性剂的局部和透皮给药来说,在伤口敷料中,需要在组合物中加入渗透促进剂以提高试剂进入或穿过皮肤的速率。合适的促进剂包括但不限于:亚砜如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和癸甲基亚砜(C10MSO);醚如二甘醇单乙醚(以Transcutol市售)和二甘醇单甲醚;表面活性剂如月桂酸钠、月桂硫酸钠、溴化十六烷基三甲铵、苯扎氯铵、泊洛沙姆(231,182,184)、吐温(20,40,60,80)和卵磷脂(美国专利4,783,450);1-取代氮杂环庚-2-酮,尤其是1-n-十二烷基环氮杂-环庚-2-酮(以商品名Azone得自Nelson Research & Development Co.,Irvine,Calif.;参见美国专利3,989,816、4,316,893、4,405,616和4,557,934);醇如乙醇、丙醇、辛醇、癸醇、苄基醇等;脂肪酸如月桂酸、油酸和缬草酸;脂肪酸酯如十四烷酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯和油酸乙酯;多元醇及其酯如丙二醇、乙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯(PEGML;例如,参见美国专利4,568,343);酰胺和其它含氮化合物如脲、二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、2-吡咯烷酮、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺;萜类;链烯酮;以及有机酸,尤其是水杨酸和水杨酸盐、柠檬酸和琥珀酸。也可使用两种或多种促进剂的混合物。
通常,不包括活性剂,膜组合物还可包含约0-50重量%的快速溶解材料,优选约0-40重量%,最优选约10-40重量%;约1-99重量%的亲水聚合物,优选约30-70重量%,更优选约40-60重量%;和约0-40重量%的互补低聚物,优选约10-40重量%,更优选约18-30重量%。对于不含互补低聚物的实施方式,不包括活性剂,膜组合物还包含约0-50重量%的快速溶解材料,优选约0-40重量%,最优选约10-40重量%;约30-70重量%的亲水聚合物,优选约40-60重量%。
对于大多数应用,所得膜的厚度至少为1毫米。通常,膜的厚度约为100-200毫米,不包括可层压至膜的隔离衬垫和其它基材。本领域普通技术人员将明白,通过改变各种组分的浓度,可按照需要调节膜厚度、膜溶解时间和活性剂释放分布。
可将膜切割成任何所需构型,例如,圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形、异形等。通常,膜的表面积约为1-6cm2,虽然也可使用更大和更小尺寸以符合特定应用或载药量需要。
本发明组合物通常是可熔融挤出的,因此,可以用简单的热熔融掺混与挤出方法来制备,加入或不加入水。称取组合物的组分,然后例如用Brabender或Baker Perkins掺混机混合,虽然通常并不需要在高温,例如约100-170℃,更典型地90-140℃下进行。若需要可加入溶剂或水。所得组合物可用单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机挤出或造粒。或者,可将所述组合物的诸组分一次性熔融,混合后再挤出。
优选本发明膜无粘性和没有粘膜粘合性。制备这种基本上无粘性组合物的优选方法是溶液浇铸。溶液浇铸包括在合适的溶剂中混合膜组合物的组分(快速溶解材料、成膜粘合剂、活性剂及包含的任何其它组分)。当组分是水溶性时采用水性溶剂。但是,也可使用其它挥发性溶剂,例如乙酸乙酯或低级烷醇(例如,乙醇、异丙醇等)或低级烷醇/水混合物,通常浓度约为35-60%(重量/体积)。当用水不溶性材料(即这些材料在200℃的水溶性小于5重量%)制造时,这些溶剂尤其有用。制备溶液后,将混合物浇铸到合适的基材如隔离衬垫上,如上所述。混合与浇铸宜在室温下进行。然后,加热涂覆有膜的基材,除去溶剂。约70-120℃下水性溶剂蒸发,约50-100℃下非水溶剂蒸发,持续时间约为1-4小时,优选约2小时。
在一个实施方式中,组合物中包含诸如柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠的物质,它们的组合可提供浇铸溶液中的泡腾效果,使得干燥时膜变得起泡和多孔。
膜溶解释放活性剂的速率是以下一些因素的函数,包括施加膜的体表微环境,膜的厚度,膜的组成,温度和尺寸,以及活性剂和添加剂的化学性质。在本发明中,膜一般在施加于湿润体表后10分钟内溶解。优选溶解速率约为30秒-10分钟。
本发明膜还包含一种或多种常规添加剂,它们可在配制过程中或掺入之后与膜的其它组分组合。任选的添加剂包括但不限于:填充剂、pH调节剂、增粘剂、防粘剂、崩解剂、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、着色剂、芳香剂以及它们的组合。
宜加入吸收性填充剂来控制当膜置于皮肤或其它体表上时的水合程度。这种填充剂可以包括:微晶纤维素、滑石、乳糖、高岭土、甘露醇、胶体二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化钛、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁、疏水淀粉、硫酸钙、硬脂酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸钙二水合物、粘土如合成锂皂石、织造和非织造纸和棉花材料。其它合适的填充剂是惰性的,即基本上是非吸附剂,包括例如:聚乙烯类、聚丙烯类、聚氨酯聚醚酰胺共聚物、聚酯类和聚酯共聚物、尼龙和人造丝。优选的填充剂是胶体二氧化硅,例如,Cab-O-Sil(Cabot Corporation,Boston MA)。
用作pH调节剂的化合物包括但不限于:甘油缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、硼酸盐缓冲剂、磷酸盐缓冲剂和柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲剂。缓冲剂系统用于确保(例如)吸收湿气后的本发明膜pH,与个体体表的pH相一致。
当特定应用需要将膜粘附于体表时,也可包含增粘剂以增加膜的粘性。增粘剂的例子包括:粘性橡胶,例如聚异丁烯、聚丁二烯、丁基橡胶、聚苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和氯丁橡胶(聚氯丁二烯)。合适的增粘剂的其它例子是那些与压敏型粘合剂常规使用的增粘剂,例如松香、松香酯、多萜和氢化芳香树脂。在那些减少或不含粘合剂的实施方式中,也可使用常规防粘剂。合适的防粘剂包括交联聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、硅胶、膨润土等。
本文优选的增稠剂是天然存在的化合物或其衍生物,包括例如:胶原;半乳甘露聚糖;淀粉;淀粉衍生物和水解产物;纤维素衍生物如甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素;胶体硅酸;以及糖类如乳糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖。也可以使用合成的增稠剂如聚乙烯醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯-共聚物、聚乙二醇以及聚丙二醇。
也可加入抗微生物剂。抗微生物剂通过破坏微生物,防止其致病作用和/或抑制其生长而起效。抗微生物剂的理想性质包括但不限于:(1)能使细菌、病毒和真菌失活,(2)能在应用的分钟内和初次应用后长时间内保持有效,(3)成本,(4)与组合物的其它组分的相容性,(5)室温下的稳定性且(6)无毒。代替或除任何抗微生物剂以外,本发明组合物中可包含抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂能够抑制氧化,从而防止制剂通过氧化作用发生变质。合适的抗氧化剂包括但不限于:抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸盐、丁羟茴醚、丁羟甲苯、次磷酸、一硫代甘油、抗坏血酸钠、甲醛次硫酸氢钠和偏亚硫酸钠,以及本领域普通技术人员已知的其它抗氧化剂。其它合适的抗氧化剂包括但不限于:维生素C、丁羟甲苯(BHT)、丁羟茴醚(BHA)、亚硫酸氢钠、维生素E及其衍生物、没食子酸丙酯、亚硫酸盐衍生物以及本领域普通技术人员已知的其它抗氧化剂。
本发明膜中可包含的其它防腐剂包括例如:对-氯-间苯甲酚、苯乙醇、苯氧基乙醇、氯丁醇、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯扎氯铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓、二乙酸氯己定或葡糖酸酯、乙醇和丙二醇。
实践中,可简单地使用膜,从包装中取出产品,揭去隔离衬垫(包括时)并将膜置于湿润环境中如舌上或舌下,直到膜溶蚀。本文所述膜可具有各种尺寸,取决于其指定应用、所需的载药量、溶蚀持续时间、药物递送持续时间等。需要时,可提供半透明膜,放置后不突兀或不易察觉。
除非另有所述,本发明的实施采用聚合物化学、粘合剂配方以及药物递送的常规技术,这些技术均在本领域的技术范围内。在文献中详细说明了这些技术。
应理解,虽然已经结合优选的具体实施方式描述了本发明,但是以上说明以及以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不是限制本发明的范围。本发明的其它方面、优点和修改对本发明所涉及领域的技术人员来说显而易见。
在实施例中采用了以下缩写和商品名:
HPC 羟丙基纤维素;MW 95,000
PEG400 聚乙二醇400
PEG540 聚乙二醇540
PG 丙二醇
PVP K90 Kollidon90F聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(BASF)
PVP VA64 KollidonVA64聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(BASF)
实施例
快速溶解膜的制备
通过溶液浇铸,制备含表1所列组分的膜组合物:
表1
样品 | 快速溶解材料 | 成膜粘合剂 | 其它组分 |
1 | 10重量%麦芽糊精 | 60重量%PVP K9030重量%PEG 540 | 无 |
2 | 10重量%麦芽糊精 | 60重量%PVP K9030重量%PEG 540 | 无 |
3 | 10重量%麦芽糊精 | 60重量%PVP K9030重量%PEG 540 | 无 |
4 | 40重量%HPC | 40重量%PVP VA 6418重量%PG | 1.2重量%柠檬酸;0.8重量%碳酸氢钠 |
5 | 40重量%HPC | 40重量%PVP VA 6420重量%PEG400 | 无 |
评价膜的各种特征,结果如表2所示。口中“崩解时间”指观察到膜丧失其物理完整性的时间长度。口中“溶解时间”指完全溶解所需的时间长度。
表2
样品: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
载药量(/cm2) | 至多2mg | 至多5mg | 至多7mg | 至多12mg | 至多15mg |
厚度(mil): | 1 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 12 |
口中崩解时间 | <5秒 | 15-20秒 | 30-45秒 | 30-45秒 | 30-45秒 |
口中溶解时间: | 10-15秒 | 60-90秒 | 1-2分钟 | 2-3分钟 | 3-4分钟 |
外观和物理性质: | 不透明,刚性,弹性 | 不透明,刚性,弹性 | 不透明,多孔,起泡 | 不透明,刚性,弹性 | 澄清,弹性 |
Claims (57)
1.一种用于将活性剂给予体表的膜,所述的膜包含:
(a)含亲水聚合物的成膜粘合剂;
(b)快速溶解聚合物材料;和
(c)有效量的活性剂,
其中,将膜施加于湿润体表后,10分钟内所述成膜粘合剂和快速溶解材料有效促进膜的溶解。
2.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物包括衍生自以下单体的重复单元:N-乙烯基内酰胺单体、羧基乙烯基单体、乙烯基酯单体、羧基乙烯基单体的酯、乙烯基酰胺单体、羟基乙烯基单体及其组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物选自:聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基丙烯酰胺)、聚(N-烷基丙烯酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基乙酰胺)、取代和未取代的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸聚合物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基胺、其共聚物和掺混物。
4.如权利要求3所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物选自:聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)、聚(N-乙烯基酰胺)、聚(N-烷基丙烯酰胺)、其共聚物和掺混物。
5.如权利要求4所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物是聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)。
6.如权利要求5所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物是聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)均聚物。
7.如权利要求6所述的膜,其特征在于,所述聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)选自:聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基己内酰胺及其掺混物。
8.如权利要求7所述的膜,其特征在于,所述聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
9.如权利要求7所述的膜,其特征在于,所述聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)是聚乙烯基己内酰胺。
10.如权利要求3所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物的数均分子量约为100,000-2,000,000。
11.如权利要求10所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物的数均分子量约为500,000-1,500,000。
12.如权利要求11所述的膜,其特征在于,所述成膜粘合剂还包含能够增塑所述亲水聚合物的增塑剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂选自:邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸二环烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸二芳基酯、混合的邻苯二甲酸烷基芳基酯、烷基磷酸酯、芳基磷酸酯、柠檬酸烷基酯、柠檬酸酯、己二酸烷基酯、酒石酸二烷基酯、癸二酸二烷基酯、琥珀酸二烷基酯、乙醇酸烷基酯、甘油酸烷基酯、乙二醇酯、甘油酯以及它们的混合物。
14.如权利要求13所述的膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂选自:邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己酯)、邻苯二甲酸二异丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三苯酯、柠檬酸三甲酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸二乙酯、己二酸二(2-甲基乙酯)、己二酸二己酯、酒石酸二乙酯、酒石酸二丁酯、癸二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二丙酯、癸二酸二壬酯、琥珀酸二乙酯、琥珀酸二丁酯、二乙酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、单乳酸二乙酸甘油酯、乙醇酸甲基邻苯二甲酰乙酯、乙醇酸丁基邻苯二甲酰丁酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙二醇二丁酸酯、三乙二醇二乙酸酯、三乙二醇二丁酸酯、三乙二醇二丙酸酯以及它们的混合物。
15.如权利要求14所述的膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂选自:磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三苯酯、柠檬酸三甲酯、柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸三丁酯。
16.如权利要求12所述的膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂是各末端具有官能团的双官能团直链低聚物,所述各末端官能团能够与所述亲水聚合物非共价键合。
17.如权利要求16所述的膜,其特征在于,所述双官能团直链低聚物的分子量约为45-800克/摩尔。
18.如权利要求17所述的膜,其特征在于,所述双官能团直链低聚物的分子量约为45-600克/摩尔。
19.如权利要求18所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团选自羟基、羧基和氨基。
20.如权利要求19所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团选自羟基和羧基。
21.如权利要求20所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团是羟基。
22.如权利要求21所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与增塑剂的重量比约为1∶10到10∶1。
23.如权利要求22所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与增塑剂的重量比约为1.5∶1到3∶1。
24.如权利要求23所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与互补低聚物的重量比约为2∶1。
25.如权利要求4所述的膜,其特征在于,所述成膜粘合剂还包含能够增塑所述亲水聚合物的增塑剂。
26.如权利要求25所述的膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂是各末端具有官能团的双官能团直链低聚物,所述各末端官能团能够与所述亲水聚合物非共价键合。
27.如权利要求26所述的膜,其特征在于,所述双官能团直链低聚物的分子量约为45-800克/摩尔。
28.如权利要求27所述的膜,其特征在于,所述双官能团直链低聚物的分子量约为45-600克/摩尔。
29.如权利要求28所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团选自羟基、羧基和氨基。
30.如权利要求29所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团选自羟基和羧基。
31.如权利要求30所述的膜,其特征在于,所述末端官能团是羟基。
32.如权利要求25所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与增塑剂的重量比约为1∶10到10∶1。
33.如权利要求32所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与增塑剂的重量比约为1.5∶1到3∶1。
34.如权利要求33所述的膜,其特征在于,所述亲水聚合物与互补低聚物的重量比约为2∶1。
35.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述快速溶解聚合物材料选自:低聚糖、多糖、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、海藻酸、琼脂和膨润土。
36.如权利要求35所述的膜,其特征在于,所述快速溶解聚合物材料选自低聚糖和多糖。
37.如权利要求36所述的膜,其特征在于,所述快速溶解聚合物材料选自:分子量约为1,000-300,000的纤维素衍生物。
38.如权利要求37所述的膜,其特征在于,所述快速溶解聚合物材料是麦芽糊精。
39.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂是药理活性剂,有效量是治疗有效量。
40.如权利要求39所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂是局部作用试剂。
41.如权利要求39所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂是全身作用试剂。
42.如权利要求39所述的膜,其特征在于,所述治疗有效量至多300毫克/平方厘米。
43.如权利要求42所述的膜,其特征在于,所述治疗有效量约为100微克/平方厘米到200毫克/平方厘米。
44.如权利要求43所述的膜,其特征在于,所述治疗有效量约为1-100毫克/平方厘米。
45.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂与所述亲水聚合物非共价结合。
46.如权利要求45所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂与所述亲水聚合物通过氢键结合。
47.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述活性剂包含在分散在整个膜中的离散颗粒中。
48.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,将所述的膜施加于湿润体表后约5-30秒内发生溶解。
49.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,将所述的膜施加于湿润体表后小于约30秒内发生溶解。
50.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,膜厚度至少为1毫米。
51.如权利要求50所述的膜,其特征在于,膜厚度约为100-200毫米。
52.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,还包含至少一种选自以下的添加剂:填充剂、软化剂、防粘剂、抗氧化剂、抗微生物剂、防腐剂、pH调节剂和着色剂。
53.如权利要求1所述的膜,其特征在于,所述至少一种调节剂包括软化剂。
54.如权利要求53所述的膜,其特征在于,所述软化剂是亲水表面活性剂。
55.一种给予患者活性剂的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的膜置于患者湿润体表上并使所述膜溶解。
56.如权利要求55所述的方法,其特征在于,所述患者湿润体表是粘膜组织。
57.如权利要求56所述的方法,其特征在于,所述湿润体表是皮肤。
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- 2005-01-31 CA CA2554649A patent/CA2554649C/en active Active
- 2005-01-31 RU RU2006131126/15A patent/RU2380092C2/ru active IP Right Revival
- 2005-01-31 CN CN200580006967XA patent/CN1929819B/zh active Active
- 2005-01-31 US US11/047,964 patent/US8658201B2/en active Active
- 2005-01-31 JP JP2006551521A patent/JP5594925B2/ja active Active
- 2005-01-31 CN CN201210021207.8A patent/CN102764247B/zh active Active
- 2005-01-31 AU AU2005210637A patent/AU2005210637B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-31 EP EP05722622.7A patent/EP1713450B1/en active Active
- 2005-01-31 WO PCT/US2005/002873 patent/WO2005074894A1/en active Application Filing
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2014
- 2014-02-03 US US14/171,612 patent/US9144552B2/en active Active
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CN107811980A (zh) * | 2009-10-30 | 2018-03-20 | Ix 生物医药有限公司 | 快速溶解固体剂型 |
CN107811980B (zh) * | 2009-10-30 | 2021-06-18 | Ix 生物医药有限公司 | 快速溶解固体剂型 |
CN101928435A (zh) * | 2010-08-25 | 2010-12-29 | 邱日辉 | 一种高分子缓控释多功能强化膜及其制备方法 |
CN101926784A (zh) * | 2010-09-06 | 2010-12-29 | 西北大学 | 一种用于瞬间脉冲电场透皮给药的导电水凝胶贴剂及其制备方法 |
CN102846386A (zh) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-02 | 四川大学 | 智能可控释放抗菌成分的牙种植体及制备方法 |
WO2014044074A1 (zh) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-27 | 四川大学 | 智能可控释放抗菌成分的牙种植体及制备方法 |
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CN107754011A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-06 | 广西达庆生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种治疗痔疮的液体敷料及其制备方法 |
US20220241158A1 (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-04 | Modern Ideas LLC | Silver Fluoride Formulations, Methods and Devices for Caries Management |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1713450A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
US9144552B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
CA2554649C (en) | 2015-10-27 |
US8658201B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
RU2006131126A (ru) | 2008-03-10 |
CN102764247A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
US20050208110A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
CN1929819B (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
AU2005210637A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
JP2007519745A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
CN102764247B (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
RU2380092C2 (ru) | 2010-01-27 |
EP1713450B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
KR20070007299A (ko) | 2007-01-15 |
AU2005210637B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
US20140147489A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
EP1713450A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
WO2005074894A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
JP5594925B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
CA2554649A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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Address after: American California Patentee after: Corium Internat Patentee after: Beijing Hi-tech. United Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: American California Patentee before: Corium Internat Patentee before: Beijing Hi-tech. United Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. |