CN1832143A - 高介电常数材料 - Google Patents

高介电常数材料 Download PDF

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CN1832143A
CN1832143A CNA2006100040057A CN200610004005A CN1832143A CN 1832143 A CN1832143 A CN 1832143A CN A2006100040057 A CNA2006100040057 A CN A2006100040057A CN 200610004005 A CN200610004005 A CN 200610004005A CN 1832143 A CN1832143 A CN 1832143A
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S·戈文达拉詹
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Abstract

电容器(10)包括衬底(12)和两个金属电极(14,18)。在电极之间形成介电层(16)。优选地,该介电层具有大于25的介电常数和对硅具有足够的导带偏移。提出的示例性实施方案使用以下材料体系:HfuTivTawOxNy、HfuTivOxNy、TiuSrvOxNy、TiuAlvOxNy和HfuSrvOxNy (其中u、v、w、x和y是在介电叠层中元素的原子比例)。

Description

高介电常数材料
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请涉及如下的共同-未决申请,这里引入其两者作为参考:申请系列No.__,__提交,题为“Method to Control InterfacialProperties for Capacitors Using a Metal Flash Layer”(代理号2004P54458)和申请系列No__,__提交,题为“DRAM with High K Dielectric StorageCapacitor and Method of Making the Same”(代理号2004P54457)。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及半导体结构和方法,更具体地涉及新型高介电常数材料。
背景技术
电容器是在半导体器件中广泛应用的存储电荷的元件。电容器基本上包含两个被绝缘体分隔的导电板。电容或者被电容器的每个施加电压保存的电荷量以法拉测量,且取决于板的面积、它们之间的距离和绝缘体的介电值。在滤波器、模数转换器、存储器件和控制应用和许多其它类型的半导体器件中使用电容器。例如,动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)单元包括与存取晶体管串连耦合的存储电容器。通过电荷经过存取晶体管并进入电容器,数据可以被存储入存储电容器和从存储电容器读出。
对于DRAM电容器,亚-70nm技术的一些关键需求是低漏电流、低等价氧化物厚度(EOT)、多晶硅耗尽最低化、足够的能带偏移(对于电介质)和在随后的处理期间的热稳定性。为了满足这些需求,已知使用MIS(金属-绝缘体-硅)或者MIM(金属-绝缘体-金属)电容器。关键挑战是优化各个界面属性和使用具有高电容量的电介质。对于包括栅电极的应用,附加的需求包括隧道漏电流和栅电阻的最小化。
对于电容器,许多高介电常数材料是已知的。被提出作为电容器电介质的高介电常数材料的例子是五氧化钽、氧化钛、钛酸锶钡和氧化钛。为了得到大于10的介电常数,现有技术集中在基于HfuAlvSiwOxNy或LauAlvSiwOxNy体系的材料上。这些材料的限制性在于最大介电常数约30。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供一种k值大于25并且对硅具有足够导带偏移的介电层。本发明的示例实施方案使用以下材料体系:HfuTivTawOxNy、HfuTivOxNy、TiuSrvOxNy、TiuAlvOxNy和HfuSrvOxNy(其中u、v、w、x、y是在介电叠层中元素的原子比例)。
在第一实施方案中形成半导体器件的方法包括形成厚度小于10nm的第一材料的第一层。第一材料具有大于30(和优选大于约50)的介电常数。形成厚度小于10nm的第二材料的第一层。第二材料具有大于1.5eV的能带偏移。然后可以依次形成第一和第二材料的附加层,得到具有目标厚度的薄膜。在一个实施方案中,第一制料是TiO2。第二材料可以是对硅具有大于~1.5eV的导带偏移的氮化物或氧化物,例如SrO、Al2O3、AlN、HfO2、Y2O3、Lan2O3(其中Lan=镧系元素,例如镧、镨、镝等)、Ta2O5、Sr3N2、Ta3N5和/或Hf3N4
另一方面,本发明提供一种具有高电容量以存储电荷和低漏电的电容器。在每种情况下,电容器包括夹在两个导体之间的电介质。电容器可用做存储器中的存储电容器、模拟或混合信号应用或者场效应晶体管的栅/栅电介质/沟道中的电容器。在第一实施方案中,电介质包括Hf、Ti、Ta、O和N。在第二实施方案中,电介质包括Hf、Ti、O和N。在第三实施方案中,电介质包括Ti、Sr、O和N。在第四实施方案中,电介质包括Ti、Al、O和N。在第五实施方案中,电介质包括Hf、Sr、O和N。
本发明包括多个实施方案。在第一实施方案中,形成半导体器件的方法包括在衬底上沉积Hf3N4层,在衬底上沉积HfO2层,和在衬底上沉积TiO2层。Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2层是介电层的一部分。在一个实施方案中,沉积Hf3N4、HfO2和TiO2层以形成纳米层叠介电层。Hf3N4、HfO2和TiO2层可以退火以形成包括Hf、Ti、O和N的混合化合物。
在另一实施方案中,Ta2O5层可以沉积在衬底上。在这种情况下,可以沉积Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2和Ta2O5层以形成纳米层叠介电层。任选地,Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2和Ta2O5层可以退火以形成包括Hf、Ti、Ta、O和N的混合化合物。
在一个实施方案中,在沉积HF3N4层后沉积HfO2层,在沉积HfO2层后沉积TiO2层,在沉积TiO2层后沉积Ta2O5层。
Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2和Ta2O5层可以是电容器介电层的一部分。这样,导体可以形成在Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2和Ta2O5层上。
在另一实施方案中,形成半导体器件的方法包括在衬底上沉积HfO2层,在衬底上沉积TiO2层,在衬底上沉积Ti层,从而HfO2、TiO2和Ti构成介电层。
在另一实施方案中,形成半导体器件的方法包括在衬底上沉积SrO层和在衬底上沉积TiO2层。其中SrO和TiO2层构成电介质层。在一个变体中,该方法包括在SrO和TiO2层上沉积第二SrO层,在SrO和TiO2层上沉积第二TiO2层,在SrO和TiO2层和第二SrO和TiO2层上沉积第三SrO层;和在SrO和TiO2层和第二SrO和TiO2层上沉积第三TiO2层。例如,电介质层可以是纳米层叠介电层。如另一例所示,可以退火SrO和TiO2层以形成包括Ti、Sr、O和N的混合化合物。
在各个方面,可以在TiO2层上沉积SrO层,或反之亦然。例如,沉积的SrO层厚度可以为0.5nm-4nm,沉积的TiO2层厚度可以为0.5nm-4nm。在另一实施例中,沉积的SrO层厚度在约1nm的数量级,TiO2层的厚度可以在约1nm的数量级。
在另一实施方案中,形成半导体器件的方法包括在衬底上沉积Al2O3层和在衬底上沉积TiO2层。Al2O3和TiO2层是介电层的一部分。在一个变体中,该方法还包括在Al2O3和TiO2层上沉积第二Al2O3层,在Al2O3和TiO2层上沉积第二TiO2层,在Al2O3和TiO2层和第二Al2O3和TiO2层上沉积第三Al2O3层,和在Al2O3和TiO2层和第二Al2O3和TiO2层上沉积第三TiO2层。例如,介电层可以是纳米层叠介电层。可以进行氮化步骤以使得介电层包括氮含量。在另一实施例中,可以退火Al2O3和TiO2层以形成包括Ti、Al、O和N的混合化合物。
可以在TiO2层上沉积Al2O3层,或反之亦然。在一个例子中,沉积的Al2O3层的厚度为0.5nm-4nm,沉积的TiO2层厚度可以为0.5nm-4nm。在另一实施例中,沉积的Al2O3层厚度在约1nm的数量级,沉积的TiO2层的厚度在约1nm的数量级。
在另一实施方案中,形成半导体器件的方法包括在衬底上沉积Hf3N4层,在衬底上沉积HfO2层,和在衬底上沉积SrO层。Hf3N4、HfO2、SrO层是介电层的一部分。介电层可以是纳米层叠介电层,或退火Hf3N4、HfO2和SrO层以形成包括Hf Sr、O和N的混合化合物。在一个实施例中,在沉积Hf3N4层后沉积HfO2层,在沉积HfO2层之后沉积SrO层。如其它实施方案所示,介电层可以是电容器介电层,以及导体可以形成在介电层上。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,现在参考结合附图的下列描述,其中:
图1提供示出了电容器通用结构(沉积状态)的示意图;
图2说明了基于TiO2和Al2O3交替层的实施方案;
图3说明了基于SrO和TiO2交替层的实施方案;和
图4是具有本发明的栅电介质的晶体管的截面图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述目前优选实施方案的制造和使用。然而,应当理解本发明提供了许多可应用的创造性的概念,这些概念可在各个广泛的具体上下文中得以体现。描述的具体实施方案仅仅是制造和使用本发明的具体方法的示例,并不限定本发明的范围。
在具体上下文中将关于优选实施方案,也就是电容器描述本发明。然而,本发明也可以应用到使用电介质,特别是那些具有高介电常数的电介质的其它器件和结构。例如,高介电常数材料可以用作场效应晶体管中的栅电介质。
在一方面,本发明描述了能够满足得到低漏电流和高电容量所需的介电常数和其它属性的潜在材料体系。在优选实施方案中,这些材料体系基于TiO2,其具有80左右的介电常数,但对于硅具有非常低的导带偏移(Ec)(<1.2eV),和低带隙(Eg~3.5eV)。用以与TiO2结合的候选物是:Ta2O5(k=26,Ec<1.5eV,Eg~4.5),Al2O3(k=9,Ec=2.8eV,Eg~8),HfO2(k=20,Ec=1.5eV,Eg=5.8eV),La2O3(k=30,Ec=2.3eV,Eg=4.3eV),SrTiO3(k>100),Hf3N4(k~30)和其它。这些材料的组合也是可预见的。
在优选实施方案中,通过原子层沉积(ALD)可以沉积单独的成分。适当的前体可以用于上述各种成分(氧化物、氮化物)的沉积。例如,可能的源是:
a.氧-H2、O2或O3
b.氮-NH3,N2
c.铪-金属烷基氨化物(例如叔乙基甲基氨基铪Tert ethyl methyl aminohafnium),金属卤化物(例如HfCl2),金属醇盐
d.钛-金属卤化物(例如TiCl4),金属有机物(例如TDMAT),金属醇盐(例如Ti(OEt)4)
e.铝-金属烷基氨化物(例如三甲基铝),金属醇盐。
f.Ta-金属烷基氨化物(例如三丁基亚氨三-二乙氨基钽或TBTDET),金属有机物,金属醇盐。
g.Ru-金属环戊二烯基(例如Ru(Cp)2-二环戊二烯合铷,Ru(乙基Cp)2)
h.Sr-金属环戊二烯基,金属烷基氨化物,金属β二酮盐,金属醇盐
图1示出了本发明优选实施方案的一个示例。电容器10包括由介电层16分开的两个导体(即衬底12、电极14和电极18)。在所述实施方案中,在衬底12和电极18之间包括底部金属电极层14。该层可以包括金属闪层以清洁界面。该闪层可以是对氧具有高亲和力和熔点(同时对于金属和氧化物)高于1000℃的任何金属。该金属电极14可以由纯金属(例如Ru、Hf、Ti、Ta....)、氮化物(例如TiN、TaN、HfN、这些的混合物)或碳氮化物(例如TiCN、NbCN、HfCN、TaCN....)形成。例如,TiN可以使用TiCl4和NH3通过ALD沉积。
衬底12可以是大块硅衬底的上部分或在另一层上的硅层。作为示例,硅层12可以是绝缘体上的硅(SOI)衬底的一部分,在另一层上的外延生长层(例如硅锗上的硅),或由晶片结合技术形成的硅层。该硅层也可以是形成在衬底上的层,例如用作栅电极或在叠层电容器中使用的电极的多晶硅层。任选地使用除了硅的半导体,例如锗、硅锗、砷化镓和其它。任选地,可以使用非半导体衬底12。例如,可以在介电层12上形成电容器结构。
在图1中描述的实施方案包括与硅衬底12直接接触的金属层14。该金属层14是任选的。如果包括,通过使用热处理或适当的等离子体增强沉积工艺的原子层沉积,可以沉积金属电极层。关于金属层14的进一步细节在共同未决申请序列No.__(代理号2004P54458)提供,这里引入其内容作为参考。
在图1中示出了另一任选金属层18。该顶金属电极18可以由纯金属(例如Ru、Hf、Ti、Ta....)、氮化物(例如TiN、TaN、HfN、这些的混合物)或碳氮化物(例如TiCN、NbCN、HfCN、TaCN....)形成。例如,TiN可以使用TiCl4和NH3通过ALD沉积。
在衬底12(和在所述实施方案中,电极14,如果包括)上形成介电层16。在优选实施方案中,通过单独成分的ALD沉积介电层16。下面提供材料的具体示例。该层的厚度(典型约2nm-约20nm)、单独子层的厚度、和层的顺序是可变的,且取决于要得到的电容增强(capacitance enhancement)。
在第一实施方案中,通过具有高介电常数材料的顺序层和具有高能带偏移(例如大于1.5-2eV)的随后层形成纳米叠层。由于高介电常数材料会保留电荷且高能带偏移会避免漏电流,优选材料的该组合。例如,如上所述,TiO2具有80左右的优异的介电常数,但是导带偏移非常低。因此TiO2本身并不是优选的。然而,该材料可以优选地与一些材料结合,其帮助增加能带偏移。参考图2和3描述两个示例。
优选实施方案包括如图2中所示的TiO2和Al2O3的纳米叠层,或如图3中所示的TiO2和Hf3N4的纳米叠层。如下所描述的,也可以选择性地使用其它材料。在这两个附图中,在金属电极14(如果包括)上沉积TiO2层。底电极可以仅由金属闪层、闪层和金属电极的组合形成,或仅仅由金属电极形成。典型地该TiO2非常薄,例如小于10nm且优选在约1nm的数量级。在图2的实施方案中,在TiO2层上沉积Al2O3层,在图3的实施方案中,在TiO2层上沉积Hf3N4层。在两种情况下,新沉积的层具有与TiO2层大约相同的厚度。然后通过重复沉积顺序(其也可以改变以改变叠层中元素的总体组成),建立纳米叠层,直至得到了目标厚度。可替换的方法将会由具有比介电常数较高的材料例如TiO2对于硅更高的导带偏移并优选具有更高带隙的材料(例如Al2O3)开始纳米叠层结构。然后如上所述可以建立该结构。
在沉积介电层后,可以引入任选的RTP退火/炉子退火。优选地,使用具有受控气氛的快速热处理(RTP)进行退火。任选地,可以使用受控的炉子退火。在RTP示例中,可以加热该结构到约400℃至约1100℃的温度约10至约60秒的时间。在炉子退火示例中,可以加热该结构到约400℃至约1000℃的温度约5至约30分钟的时间。
在任选的退火之后,可以沉积任选的顶金属电极18。该顶金属电极18可以由纯金属(例如Ru、Hf、Ti、Ta....)、氮化物(例如TiN、TaN、HfN、这些的混合物)或碳氮化物(例如TiCN、NbCN、HfCN、TaCN....)形成。例如,TiN可以使用TiCl4和NH3通过ALD沉积。
对于纳米叠层,单独层(例如SrO、Al2O3、TiO2、Hf3N4、AlN、HfO2)是数nm厚。在优选实施方案中,该厚度优选为约0.5nm-约4nm,典型地为约1nm。理想地这些层就保持为沉积状态。然而,在高温退火期间在每个层之间的界面处会产生一些混合/反应。
在另一实施方案中,电介质16可以是混合化合物。在这种情况下,形成薄层,然后退火该结构以形成例如单一化合物。对于混合化合物,单独层厚度(沉积状态)典型地小于0.5nm以保证更均匀的薄膜。在高温退火之后,理想的情况是薄膜不结晶,且不会分离成几个明显的化合物(其是可能的,取决于薄膜的组成)。可以用于预测退火后存在的相的典型方法是使用量子化学计算、分子轨道理论和自由能量最小化技术。由于可能是不完全稳定的热力学系统,对混合化合物退火效果的具体细节非常难于预测,任何实施会需要使用技术如高分辨TEM、电子能量损耗谱、罗斯福背散射、X-射线光电子能谱或其它的结合进行实际核实(verification)。在任何情况下,本发明包括从纳米叠层到混合化合物和在中间的所有相。
在另一实施方案中,形成具有低漏电流和高电容量的电容器的方法包括基于TiO2和钙钛矿如SrTiO3的氧化物/氮化物/氧氮化物的明智(judicious)混合。这里公开了五种示例体系。下面将会描述这些体系的每一个。这些体系可以作为纳米叠层或混合化合物而得以实施。
第一体系使用HfuTivTawOxNy。在优选实施方案中,0<u<60,0<v<60,0<w<60,0<x<50和0<y<50,和u+v+w+x+y~100。(可以理解可能存在某些污染物如Cl、C和H,取决于沉积工艺。为了确定体系中材料比,忽略了这些污染物)。该实施方案包括所有可能的混合氧化物、氮化物和氧氮化物的组合。例如,混合氧化物可以通过沉积Hf3N4、HfO2、TiO2和Ta2O5的交替层形成。这可以通过增加子层的厚度转变成纳米叠层结构。可以通过改变每个子层的循环数定制(tailor)该组成。
如示例所示,Hf3N4层沉积的厚度为约0.5nm-约3nm,优选约2nm。然后HfO2层沉积的厚度为约0.5nm-约3nm,优选约2nm。TiO2层的厚度可以沉积为约0.5nm-约3nm,优选约2nm。最后,Ta2O5层的厚度可以沉积为约0.5nm-约3nm,优选约2nm。可以重复这四个层约1至10次。
也可以改变沉积的顺序和单独层的厚度以改变随后的介电叠层的属性。这会是用于形成纳米叠层结构的方法。通过减小该层的厚度到1nm或更小(优选接近于单层或约0.5nm厚度),可以以混合氧氮化物的形式处理该二元混合物的相同组。另一变体是仅使用这些二元混合物的子集。例如,可以使用HfO2和TiO2以产生HfuTivOx(其是把HfuTivTawOxNy中的w和y设定为0的结果)。一旦介电叠层的沉积完成,可以如上所述进行随后的处理。
第二实施例使用HfuTivOxNy体系,包括混合氧化物、氮化物和氧氮化物的所有可能组合。在优选实施方案中,0<u<60,0<v<60,0<x<50和0<y<50,和u+v+x+y~100(可能存在某些污染物如Cl、C和H,取决于沉积工艺)。例如,通过沉积Hf3N4、HfO2和TiO2的交替层可以形成混合氧化物。通过增加子层的厚度,这可以转化成纳米叠层结构。例如,可以形成TiO2和HfO2的纳米叠层。通过使用适当的氮化退火(例如在形成气体、NH3气氛或N2气氛中),可以在该结构中引入氮。通过改变每个子层的循环数,可以定制该组成。
另一选项是沉积HfO2、TiO2和Ti层。(这是在HfuTivOxNy中y设为等于0的例子)。然后可以独立地控制叠层的Ti含量。可以使用Ti的吸气效应以控制各个氧化物的氧含量。例如,可以沉积第一Ti(例如0.3-1nm厚)层。在其后可以形成HfO2层(0.3-1nm厚)。可以沉积另一Ti(例如0.3-1nm厚)层。接着可以沉积TiO2(例如0.3-1nm厚)层。可以重复该顺序以得到富Ti结构。可以使用更厚的二元混合物(1nm或更大)层以形成纳米叠层结构。例如为了减小Ti含量,可以除去在HfO2和TiO2之间的Ti层。任选地,可以相对于HfO2或TiO2层的厚度增加Ti层的相对厚度。
另一体系使用TiuSrvOxNy,以及包括混合氧化物、氮化物和氧氮化物的所有可能组合。在优选实施方案中,0<u<60,0<v<60,0<x<50和0<y<50,和u+v+x+y~100(可能存在某些污染物如Cl、C和H,取决于沉积工艺)。例如,通过沉积SrO、Sr3N2和TiO2的交替层可以形成混合氧化物。通过增加子层的厚度,其可以转化成纳米叠层结构。通过改变每个子层的循环数,可以定制该组成。
在原子层沉积(ALD)工艺中,通过交替引入前体(例如TiCl4,Ti的可能来源)、使用惰性气体(例如氩)清洗处理室、引入包含用于化合物膜的保留成分的前体/反应物(例如NH3,N的可能来源),随后通过使用惰性气体(例如氩)以抽取室,沉积化合物膜。这构成了一个ALD循环。如果优化处理参数,ALD产生自身限定生长,其最后厚度为ALD循环数的函数。通过改变用于不同二元混合物的顺序和循环数,ALD可以用作产生纳米叠层或混合氧氮化物,其中所述二元混合物用来沉积介电膜。例如,可以重复SrO、Sr3N2和TiO2的每一个的1ALD循环直到得到所希望的厚度。任选地,Sr3N2的三个循环和TiO2的一个循环可以接着SrO的两个循环。扩展这个方法,可以形成多种组成,以及对于u、v、x和y设定不同的值。
另一方法是例如通过改变TiO2和SrO层形成混合氧化物。一旦形成了TixSruOx氧化物,通过使用适当的氮化退火(例如在形成气体、NH3气氛或N2气氛中),可以在该结构中引入氮。在沉积混合氧化物膜完成后,可以进行该退火。RTP退火是优选方法,在约400℃-1000℃的温度进行直到60秒。通过使用炉子在约500℃至1100℃的温度下加热约5至约30分钟,也可以实现氮化。
另一任选方案是沉积SrO、TiO2和Ti层。然后可以单独控制叠层的Ti含量。可以使用Ti的吸气效应控制各种氧化物的氧含量。这里的方法类似于上述方法。例如如果使用ALD,可以重复SrO、Ti和TiO2的每一个的1ALD循环直到得到所希望的厚度。任选地,Ti的三个循环和TiO2的一个循环可以接着SrO的两个循环。扩展这个方法,可以形成多个组成,以及对于u、v、x和y设定不同的值。
另一系统使用TiuAlvOxNy,包括混合氧化物、氮化物和氧氮化物的所有可能组合。在优选实施方案中,0<u<60,0<v<60,0<x<50和0<y<50,和u+v+x+y~100(可能存在某些污染物如Cl、C和H,取决于沉积工艺)。例如,通过沉积Al2O3、AlN和TiO2的交替层可以形成混合氧化物。通过增加子层的厚度,其可以转化成纳米叠层结构。上述ALD方法可以再次应用到该实施方案。
另一方法是形成混合氧化物,如通过改变TiO2和Al2O3层。一旦形成了TixAluOx氧化物,通过使用适当的氮化退火(例如在形成气体、NH3气氛或N2气氛中),可以在该结构中引入氮。在完成混合氧化膜的沉积后,可以进行退火。RTP退火是优选方法,在约400℃至1000℃的温度进行直到约60秒。通过使用炉子在约500℃至1100℃的温度下加热约5至30分钟,也可以实现氮化。
这里描述的最后实施方案是HfuSrvOxNy体系,包括混合氧化物、氮化物和氧氮化物的所有可能组合。在优选实施方案中,0<u<60,0<v<60,0<x<50和0<y<50,和u+v+x+y~100(可能存在某些污染物如Cl、C和H,取决于沉积工艺)。例如,通过沉积HfO2、SrO、Sr3N2和/或Hf3N4的交替层可以形成混合氧化物。通过增加子层的厚度,其可以转化成纳米叠层结构。上述ALD方法可以再次应用到该实施方案。
另一方法是形成混合氧化物,如通过改变HfO2和SrO层。一旦形成了HfxSruOx氧化物,通过使用适当的氮化退火(例如在形成气体、NH3气氛或N2气氛中),可以在该结构中引入氮。在完成混合氧化膜的沉积后,可以进行该退火。RTP退火是优选方法,在约400℃至1000℃的温度进行直到60秒。通过使用炉子在500℃至1100℃的温度下加热约5至30分钟,可以实现氮化。
在沉积足够厚度的电介质薄膜后,该薄膜可以要么经受高温退火,或送去进行顶金属电极的沉积。如果进行退火,优选实施方案使用具有受控气氛的快速热处理(RTP)。例如,在约400℃至1000℃的温度处在N2或NH3气氛中加热该器件,持续约10秒至60秒的时间。在另一任选实施方案中,可以使用受控炉子退火。在该实施方案的一个示例中,在N2或NH3气氛中在约500℃至1100℃的温度下加热该器件,持续约5分钟至30分钟的时间。
在形成电介质后,可以形成顶电极18。如上所述,顶电极18可以是纯金属(或纯的多种金属)、导电氮化物、氮化碳或者这些材料的各种组合。在两个导体18和12/14之间的电介质16形成电容器。
如果需要,这个结构可以经受退火(具有受控氧气和/或氮气分压的RTP或基于炉子的方法)。一个任选的方法是省略退火并在该结构上覆盖多晶(或非晶)硅。顺流退火可以得到所希望的薄膜稳定性。一些氮化物如HfN,特别容易被氧化,在暴露在大气之前应该覆盖一些更稳定的薄膜(例如TiN)。
本发明的电介质可以用于许多应用中。在共同未决申请序列No.__(代理号2004P54457)中描述了可使用本发明的DRAM结构的示例,这里引入其申请作为参考。在另一示例中,使用本发明方面的MIM(金属-绝缘体-金属)电容器可以使用在混合信号和模拟应用中。
本发明的电介质也可以用作晶体管的栅电介质。图4说明了使用本发明方面的晶体管30。该晶体管30包括形成在半导体(例如单晶硅)主体10中位于源/漏区34和36之间的沟道32。其可以是这里描述的任何电介质的栅电介质14形成在沟道层上方。使用已知工艺在沟道区上形成栅电极38。
尽管参考说明性的实施方案描述了本发明,但是本发明并不倾向于以限制的方式描述。说明性实施方案和本发明的其它实施方案的各种修改和组合,对于参考本说明书的本领域技术人员是显而易见的。因此附加的权利要求书将会包括任何这样的修改或实施方案。

Claims (24)

1.一种形成半导体器件的方法,该方法包括:
提供半导体衬底;
在该半导体衬底上形成厚度小于10nm的第一材料的第一层,该第一材料具有大于30的介电常数;
在该半导体衬底上形成厚度小于10nm的第二材料的第二层,该第二材料对于硅具有大于1.5eV的导带偏移;
在半导体衬底上形成厚度小于10nm的第一材料的第三层;和
在半导体衬底上形成厚度小于10nm的第二材料的第四层,其中形成第一、第二、第三和第四层以由第一材料和第二材料的交替层形成电介质。
2.如权利要求1的方法,其中第一材料包括TiO2
3.如权利要求2的方法,其中第二材料包括SrO。
4.如权利要求2的方法,其中第二材料包括Al2O3
5.如权利要求2的方法,其中第二材料包括HfO2
6.如权利要求5的方法,进一步包括邻接第一材料层或第二材料层形成第三材料层,该第三材料层包括Hf3N4
7.如权利要求6的方法,进一步包括邻接第一材料层或第二材料层形成第四材料层,该第四材料包括TaO5
8.如权利要求2的方法,其中第二材料包括Hf3N4
9.如权利要求1的方法,其中在第一导体上形成第一材料的第一层。
10.如权利要求9的方法,其中在覆盖半导体衬底上的金属电极上形成第一材料的第一层。
11.如权利要求9的方法,进一步包括在第二材料的第二层上形成第二导体,以使得第一导体形成电容器的第一板,第二导体形成电容器的第二板。
12.如权利要求1的方法,其中在第二层之前形成第一层,在第三层之前形成第二层,在第四层之前形成第三层。
13.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括退火第一材料的第一层、第一材料的第二层、第二材料的第一层和第二材料的第二层。
14.如权利要求13的方法,其中退火形成第一材料和第二材料的混合化合物。
15.一种电容器,包括:
第一电容器板;
第二电容器板;和
在第一电容器板和第二电容器板之间的电容器电介质,该电容器电介质包括材料的组合,该组合选自(a)Hf、Ti、O和N,(b)Hf、Ti、TaO和N,(c)Ti、Sr、O和N,(d)Ti、Al、O和N,和(e)Hf、Sr、O和N。
16.如权利要求15的电容器,其中第一电容器板包括半导体材料。
17.如权利要求16的电容器,其中第一电容器板进一步包括金属。
18.如权利要求17的电容器,其中第一电容器板包括硅化钛。
19.如权利要求15的电容器,其中第一电容器板包括金属,以及第二电容器板包括金属。
20.如权利要求15的电容器,其中电容器电介质包括Hf、Ti、O和N。
21.如权利要求20的电容器,其中电容器电介质还包括Ta。
22.如权利要求15的电容器,其中电容器电介质包括Ti、Sr、O和N。
23.如权利要求15的电容器,其中电容器电介质包括Ti、Al、O和N。
24.如权利要求15的电容器,其中电容器电介质包括Hf、Sr、O和N。
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